Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The incidence of malnutrition and immunocompetence in 156 patients admitted to hospital with liver disease was investigated. Expected weight/height was within the normal range for all groups except those with carcinoma. Triceps skinfold thickness (TSF) was reduced in 49% of patients with cirrhosis and 55% with alcoholic disease. Hypoalbuminaemia was common in all groups, with 66% of those with chronic disease having concentrations below 35 g/dl. Lymphopenia was equally common, 65% of patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) having counts below 1000 cells/mm3. Incidence of total anergy to standard skin tests was 54% overall: 93% in FHF and 60% in cirrhosis and alcoholic disease. There were significant links between reduced TSF and hypoalbuminaemia, lymphopenia and anergy, hypoalbuminaemia and anergy, and anergy and mortality. Reduced TSF was only associated with anergy in patients with chronic disease. The high incidence of immuno-incompetence may underlie the frequent occurrence of spontaneous infections in patients with liver disease, and the association between anergy and malnutrition in patients with chronic liver disease suggests that the anergy may be partly reversible by dietary measures.
Lancet 1980 Sep 20
PMID:Malnutrition and immuno-incompetence in patients with liver disease. 610 8

Sendai and Semliki Forest viruses (SFV) raised the interferon (IFN) level in blood and suppressed the acute inflammatory response induced by carrageenan in CFLP mice. After Sendai virus had been inoculated, unresponsiveness developed to repeated challenge either with the same virus or with SFV. The hyporeactive state culminated 48 hr after first virus inoculation. It was characterized (1) by absence of IFN induction and (2) by disappearance of the virus-induced anti-inflammatory effect. In contrast, the anti-inflammatory effect of indomethacin and dexamethasone remained unchanged. In addition, peripheral white blood cells were counted upon Sendai virus inoculation either in normal or in hyporesponsive mice. Six hr after inoculation, Sendai virus induced a marked granulocytosis with lymphopenia. In hyporesponsive mice leukocytosis was observed. Repeated Sendai virus injection was followed by a less pronounced granulocytosis, while the decreased number of mononuclear cells remained unchanged. These alterations in mice inoculated with Sendai virus offers a model of hyporesponsiveness established in vivo.
Acta Virol 1982 Sep
PMID:In vivo hyporesponsiveness induced by Sendai virus in CFLP mice. 618 56

The rare disorder of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is described in a two-year-old African girl who had a moderate lymphopenia due to fewer T and B cells, impaired lymphocyte transformation to PHA and candida antigen, decreased leucocyte migration inhibition to candida antigen and a defective cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity reaction to candida antigen and dinitrochlorobenzene. The patient's serum had a marginal inhibitory effect on the transformation of normal lymphocytes to candida antigen and no effect on PHA stimulation of these cells, as measured by stimulation index. In addition, IgA was deficient in her serum. No associated endocrinopathy was detected and she had a mild iron deficiency anaemia. There was a rapid and excellent response to ketoconazole with all lesions clearing within two months of treatment.
Ann Trop Paediatr 1983 Sep
PMID:Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis with IgA deficiency in a two-year-old African girl who responded well to ketoconazole. 619 18

9-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine 5'-monophosphate (NSC 312887) is a new purine antimetabolite that has been evaluated in a Phase I clinical trial. The schedule of administration consisted of a single i.v. infusion over a period of 30 min once each day for 5 consecutive days, repeated at 4-week intervals. Thirteen patients received 30 courses of the drug in a dose range of 18 to 40 mg/sq m/day. Granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia were dose limiting. Repeated courses produced similar degrees of granulocytopenia, but in 7 of 7 patients receiving 2 or more courses, the degree of thrombocytopenia was less severe during the first than during subsequent courses. Myelosuppression in humans was more severe than predicted from the mouse model. Lymphopenia was profound at all dose levels, but reversed within 3 weeks. Somnolence occurred during infusion in 8 of 13 patients, but quickly cleared after the infusion was completed. The infused drug was rapidly dephosphorylated in plasma and then cleared so there was no cumulation of drug in plasma when it was rapidly infused once each day in these doses. Phase II studies of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine 5'-monophosphate are planned at a starting dose of 18 mg/ sq m/day for patients with prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy and 25 mg/sq m/day for those without prior therapy, as a single dose on each of 5 consecutive days repeated at 21- to 28-day intervals.
Cancer Res 1984 Sep
PMID:Phase I clinical investigation of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine 5'-monophosphate (NSC 312887), a new purine antimetabolite. 620 52

A 36-year-old man had chronic, debilitating diarrhea due to cryptosporidiosis. This patient had longstanding common variable hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent bacterial infections. Immunologic evaluation after discovery of Cryptosporidium showed lymphopenia with persistently reduced numbers of helper/inducer cells (OKT-4), variable numbers of suppressor/cytotoxic cells (OKT-8), OKT-4/OKT-8 ratio of 0.09, and increased levels of serum alpha-interferon, all of which describe the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Oocysts of Cryptosporidium were found in feces from the patient's cat, thus identifying a possible source of his infection. The patient had disseminated candidiasis, cytomegalovirus pneumonia, and cryptosporidiosis when he died.
Ann Intern Med 1983 Sep
PMID:Cryptosporidiosis in a patient with hemophilia, common variable hypogammaglobulinemia, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 622 62

Clinical and laboratory features have been reviewed in 66 episodes of disseminated histoplasmosis that occurred during two large urban outbreaks in Indianapolis. Immunosuppression, age greater than 54 years, and presence of other serious underlying illnesses predisposed to the disseminated form of the disease; only 21% of patients lacked one of these risk factors. Central nervous system findings, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and lymphopenia suggested disseminated disease but were present in only about one-third of patients. Miliary or diffuse pulmonary infiltrates also suggested dissemination and were noted in about one-third of patients, while mediastinal lymphadenopathy was present in only 17%. Histoplasmal serologic tests, positive in 90% of patients, provided useful diagnostic clues. The diagnosis could be confirmed by culture in 88% of patients, and special stains were positive in about two-thirds. Although 10% of patients recovered without treatment, 11 patients (17%) died because of failure to suspect the diagnosis and initiate therapy promptly. Amphotericin B was effective in all patients receiving at least 500 mg, but relapse occurred if the total dose was less than 30 mg/kg. Ketoconazole appeared effective in non-immunosuppressed patients but not in those with underlying immunosuppression; however, a controlled trial comparing ketoconazole and amphotericin B is required to establish the role of this new fungistatic oral agent.
Medicine (Baltimore) 1983 Sep
PMID:Clinical and laboratory features of disseminated histoplasmosis during two large urban outbreaks. 631 46

Peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets were measured by flow cytometry in 122 patients with leprosy, in 23 normal controls, and in 27 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Active lepromatous patients not in reaction showed a significant lymphopenia and a significant proportionate reduction in the number of OKT3-positive (pan T), OKT4-positive (helper/inducer), and OKT8-positive (suppressor/cytotoxic) cells, but no alteration in distribution as judged by percentage and no abnormality in the helper: suppressor ratio. Borderline lepromatous subjects not in reaction had a significant selective deficiency in the number of cells of the OKT4-positive subset, with a significant but secondary lymphopenia and OKT3-positive cytopenia, a pattern similar to that found in SLE patients. Patients undergoing reversal reactions had a selective deficiency in the OKT4-positive subset in both absolute numbers and as a percentage of total lymphocytes, and a secondary deficiency in the percentage of OKT3-positive cells. No abnormalities were demonstrated in patients with active erythema nodosum leprosum, lepromatous patients with long-term treatment, and untreated or treated borderline tuberculoid patients.
Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1984 Sep
PMID:Peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets in leprosy. 633 90

A mail survey sent to 25 hemophilia centers in France enquiring on the occurrence of AIDS or AIDS-related disorders was done in May 1983. Of 2 388 hemophiliacs representing approximately 60% of the total expected population, no case of AIDS was found. Four patients had lymphodenopathies. A relatively high frequency of lymphopenia (8%) and hyper gammaglobulinemia (21%) was found. Only 37 patients were tested for T-lymphocyte populations, 14 of whom had a T4/T8 ratio below 1. A state funded multicenter prospective study has been designed in order to evaluate the relationship between the type (domestic or imported factor VIII or IX concentrate), the dose of blood product and various clinical, immunological and virological parameters related to AIDS. Approximately 400 hemophiliacs will enter the study together with a small population of patients with thalassemia receiving packed red cells.
Rev Fr Transfus Immunohematol 1984 Sep
PMID:[AIDS, related syndromes and hemophilia: the situation in France and studies in progress]. 633 48

A series of investigations was employed to determine if metastases of intraocular melanomas could be induced by experimental manipulations. Syngeneic B16F10 melanoma cells transplanted intracamerally into C57BL/6 mice produced progressively growing intraocular tumors, yet formed only occasional pulmonary metastases. Neither enucleation nor mechanical manipulation of the melanoma-containing eye promoted a significant increase in the incidence of metastases. Likewise, immunologic impairment in the form of natural killer cell deficiency, T-lymphocyte deficiency, or gamma-irradiation-induced lymphopenia failed to produce spontaneous metastases in intraocular melanoma-bearing mice. However, enucleation in consort with immune impairment (T-cell deficiency) produced a sharp increase in the incidence and number of pulmonary metastases in intraocular melanoma-bearing mice. Further studies showed that external pressure to the tumor-containing globe (without enucleation) produced extensive metastases in athymic, nude mice. By contrast, atraumatic enucleation of rapidly frozen eyes prevented metastasis of intraocular melanomas in similar hosts. Collectively, the results indicate that induction of distant metastases in hosts harboring intraocular melanomas requires two simultaneous processes: (1) mechanical manipulation of the melanoma-containing eye, and (2) concomitant impairment of T-cell-dependent immune processes. The data strongly suggest that mechanical manipulation of melanoma-containing eyes produces intravascular showers of melanoma cells that are rejected by T-cell-dependent immune processes in the immunocompetent host. In the absence of these normal T-cell-dependent immune mechanisms, enucleation-induced showers of blood-borne melanoma cells gain a foothold in the lung and form progressive metastases.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1984 Sep
PMID:Enucleation in consort with immunologic impairment promotes metastasis of intraocular melanomas in mice. 638 75

The influence of counter irritation by turpentine on carrageenan-oedema, leucocyte count, plasma kininogen stores and composition of sponge-induced exudates has been investigated in the rat. Counter irritation reduced the carrageenan-oedema in normal as well as in adrenalectomized rats. It induced leucopenia with lymphopenia but did not modify the plasma kininogen stores. In turpentine-pretreated rats, the exudates induced by sponge implantation 18 h previously had a lower content in leucocytes. Their levels in beta-glucuronidase and beta-galactosidase were slightly reduced, their content in PGE2 was not modified and their level in malonaldehyde was increased. The exudates induced by sponge implantation 4 h previously had a lower content in leucocytes and PGE2 while their level in kinins was not modified. The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of counter irritation by turpentine is discussed. We suggest that the main factor involved is a decrease in leucocyte accumulation into the exudates.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1984 Sep
PMID:The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of turpentine in the rat. 643 15


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>