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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Monokines may contribute to the regulation of hematopoiesis and circulating numbers of leukocytes during chronic inflammation. The hematologic effects of daily intravenous injection of the recombinant monokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) were therefore studied in the bone marrow and circulation of rats over the course of a week. TNF induced daily neutrophilia and lymphopenia with no evidence of tachyphylaxis. TNF also induced a slight decrease in early myeloid forms in the marrow, but, more strikingly, induced a marked erythroid hyperplasia of late normoblasts, although no changes other than a slight reticulocytosis were noted in the peripheral red blood cell compartment. IL-1 also induced daily neutrophilia and lymphopenia with no evidence of tachyphylaxis. IL-1 differed from TNF in the induction of a significant myeloid hyperplasia and in the lack of any effect on the erythroid elements of the marrow. The lack of tachyphylaxis to the chronic administration of both TNF and IL-1 suggests that the mechanism of endotoxin-induced tachyphylaxis is not at the level of the effector cell response to these endogenous cytokines. G-CSF induced a biphasic peripheral neutrophilia first peaking on day one, reaching a nadir on day 4, and then rising progressively again until day 7. The low level of neutrophilia on day 4 is not due to marrow depletion of neutrophils secondary to the neutrophil releasing activity of G-CSF because the marrows of G-CSF-treated rats on both days 3 and 7 contained over twice the number of mature neutrophils as controls. Thus, the trough in the neutrophilia induced by G-CSF is postulated to be due to an as-yet unidentified negative feedback mechanism that inhibits neutrophil release from the marrow.
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PMID:The hematologic effects of chronic administration of the monokines tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor on bone marrow and circulation. 246 82

Leukopenia attributable to lymphopenia and neutropenia was detected over a 28-week period in a 12-year-old domestic cat infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Mild normocytic, normochronic anemia also was evident. Platelet counts were normal, and serum biochemical values were unremarkable. Antibodies to FIV were detected in serum by use of immunofluorescence and immunoblot electrophoresis assays. Cytologic evaluation of bone marrow aspirates revealed normal cellular morphologic features, maturation, and myeloid-to-erythroid ratio. Normal marrow cellularity was determined histologically. There was, however, a significant (P less than 0.01) inhibition of colony-forming unit granulocyte/macrophage-derived progenitors when marrow cells were cultured in the presence of autologous serum, compared with that when marrow cells were cultured in the presence of serum obtained from clinically normal cats, thus suggesting the presence of a humoral inhibitory substance directed specifically at the granulocyte/macrophage lineage. These cell culture results were consistent with those reported for human beings with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and neutropenia. Thus, FIV infection may be an excellent animal model in which to study human immunodeficiency virus and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cats with chronic leukopenia.
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PMID:Chronic leukopenia associated with feline immunodeficiency virus infection in a cat. 253 75

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) administered as a single intravenous (IV) injection caused the following changes in the peripheral circulation of rats: (a) a biphasic neutrophilia with an initial peak at 1.5 hours and a second sustained wave of neutrophilia between four and 12 hours, (b) a mild lymphocytosis at 0.5 hours and a mild lymphopenia between 1.5 and four hours, and (c) a reticulocytosis between 12 and 24 hours. The bone marrow showed no significant changes at 1.5 hours, suggesting that the peripheral neutrophilia at that time is caused by demargination of intravascular neutrophils and not by release of marrow neutrophils. The bone marrow at 12 hours showed a mild left-shifted myeloid hyperplasia of myeloblasts and promyelocytes and a tremendous erythroid hyperplasia of intermediate and late normoblasts. The bone marrow at 24 hours showed a continued mild myeloid hyperplasia and striking erythroid hyperplasia. In conclusion, IL-6 in vivo acts as a stimulus for myelopoiesis and erythropoiesis and causes accompanying peripheral changes in the number of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and RBCs.
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PMID:In vivo hematologic effects of recombinant interleukin-6 on hematopoiesis and circulating numbers of RBCs and WBCs. 278 70

Recombinant human IL-3 administered intravenously to rats as a single injection induced peripheral neutrophilia and monocytosis beginning at 4 to 6 hours after injection, peaking at 8 hours, and subsiding to normal by 12 to 24 hours. IL-3 did not induce an initial neutropenia such as accompanies endotoxin-, G-CSF-, and TNF-induced neutrophilia, or lymphopenia such as accompanies endotoxin-, IL-1-, and TNF-induced neutrophilia. The IL-3-induced peripheral neutrophilia was accompanied by a decrease in mature marrow neutrophils, indicating that the mechanism of neutrophilia was through marrow release rather than by demargination, which occurs after the administration of epinephrine or IL-6. The release of mature marrow neutrophils further suggests that IL-3 either has intrinsic neutrophil releasing activity or indirectly causes neutrophil release through the gene expression of a second cytokine. IL-3 induced a striking left-shifted myeloid hyperplasia in the bone marrow at 8 hours that morphologically was very similar to that observed after administration of endotoxin, a finding consistent with the hypothesis of previous investigators that endotoxin may in part act indirectly on hematopoietic cells by eliciting local marrow production of IL-3. Finally, IL-3 induced an increase in marrow pronormoblasts at 8 hours, consistent with the in vitro proliferative effect of IL-3 on erythroid stem cells. The combination of IL-3 and IL-6 induced a synergistic peripheral neutrophilia and monocytosis and a striking synergistic increase in marrow mast cells. The combination of IL-3 and IL-6 also induced an erythroid and left-shifted myeloid hyperplasia such as would be expected given the individual effects of these hematopoietic growth factors.
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PMID:Acute in vivo effects of IL-3 alone and in combination with IL-6 on the blood cells of the circulation and bone marrow. 280 84

Female BDF1 mice were exposed for 16 weeks to airborne concentrations of 100, 300, and 900 ppm of benzene, 6 h per day, 5 days per week. Bone marrow hemopoietic stem cell compartments and peripheral blood cell counts were studied using clonal assays and standard methods. Dose-dependent depressive effects were observed on all stem cell compartments. Only the erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-E) compartment was depressed during exposures to 100 ppm; CFU-E were more sensitive than the erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E), spleen CFU (CFU-S), or G-M CFU (CFU-C) during exposure to 300 ppm or 900 ppm. Lymphocytopenia was observed in the peripheral blood. After benzene-free intervals, a regeneration of lymphocyte numbers and slow normalization of stem cell numbers was seen. Complete recovery from the 16 weeks exposure to 300 ppm was seen between 73 and 185 days.
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PMID:The hematopoietic stem cell compartments in mice during and after long-term inhalation of three doses of benzene. 291 24

Immunotherapy with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells generated from autologous lymphocytes has produced significant tumor regressions in patients with advanced cancer. In the current study, we reviewed the hematologic effects associated with this therapy in our initial 42 patients. Eighty-eight percent of the treated patients developed anemia that required greater than or equal to 4 units of red cell transfusions, and 43% received at least 8 units. Only a blood loss of 2 to 3 units could be attributed to repeated phlebotomy, cytophereses, and hemodilution. IL-2 administration also resulted in thrombocytopenia as well as lymphopenia and eosinophilia. Forty-three percent of patients developed platelet counts of less than or equal to 50,000/microL, and 36% of the total group required platelet transfusions. Mild neutropenia and a rebound lymphocytosis followed discontinuation of IL-2 treatment. To explore the possible mechanisms for these hematologic effects, standard hematopoietic colony assays were conducted on serial blood samples from five patients. IL-2 produced a significant decline in circulating erythroid (BFU-E) and granulocytic/macrophage (CFU-C) progenitors, which rebounded after the discontinuation of IL-2 therapy. Infusion of IL-2 also resulted in measurable serum levels of gamma-interferon. Some of the hematologic effects of immunotherapy with LAK cells and IL-2 may be the result of IL-2-mediated suppression of hematopoiesis.
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PMID:Hematologic effects of immunotherapy with lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin-2 in cancer patients. 349 2

Between February 1983 and April 1986 we studied peripheral blood and bone marrow samples from 20 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related disease. 14 patients had AIDS, three had ARC, two had PGL and one had ITP as a sole manifestation of HIV related disease. Peripheral blood abnormalities included marked anisocytosis and poikilocytosis, rouleaux formation, neutropenia, lymphopenia, monocytopenia, a left shift in the granulocyte series and, in the patients with AIDS, vacuolated monocytes. The most frequent bone marrow abnormalities were reticuloendothelial iron block, dyserythropoiesis, megaloblastic change and erythroid hypoplasia. Excess histiocytes were noted in four marrows, one exhibiting haemophagocytosis. None of the bone marrows showed lymphopenia. Eight of the 20 marrows were difficult or impossible to aspirate. None of the trephine biopsies showed increased reticulin. The causes of these abnormalities are probably multiple and include opportunistic infections, drug therapy, immune mechanisms and possibly direct insult by the HIV virus.
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PMID:Peripheral blood and bone marrow abnormalities in patients with HIV related disease. 356 82

Previous studies have shown that a decrease in red cell mass occurs in astronauts, and some studies indicate a leukocytosis occurs. A life science module housing young and mature rats was flown on shuttle mission Spacelab 3 (SL-3), and the results of hematology studies of flight and control rats are presented. Statistically significant increases in the hematocrit, red blood cell counts, and hemoglobin determinations, together with a mild neutrophilia and lymphopenia, were found in flight animals. No significant changes were found in bone marrow and spleen cell differentials or erythropoietin determinations. Clonal assays demonstrated an increased erythroid colony formation of flight animal bone marrow cells at erythropoietin doses of 0.02 and 1.0 U/ml but not 0.20 U/ml. These results agree with some but vary from other previously published studies. Erythropoietin assays and clonal studies were performed for the first time.
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PMID:Hematological measurements in rats flown on Spacelab shuttle, SL-3. 381 59

Hematologic abnormalities were defined in 31 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome (SAIDS). Animals manifested anemia (hypochromic/microcytic), severe neutropenia and progressive lymphopenia, monocytosis and occasional thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow studies showed erythroid hyperplasia with a marked left shift and adequate megakaryocytes. Two animals showed profound hypoplasia of all hematopoietic elements. Most animals were iron deficient, but the course of the anemia suggested additional factors. There was no evidence of immune hemolysis. The pathogenesis of these abnormalities is not clear and will require further study. This reproducible disease will allow studies to elucidate the mechanisms of viral-induced hematologic abnormalities.
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PMID:Hematologic abnormalities in simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 395 29

Colony forming unit (CFU) assays were developed for feline granulocyte-macrophage (CFUGM), early erythroid (day 2 CFUE), and late erythroid (day 7 CFUE) colonies in methylcellulose medium. Feline CFUGM and both day 2 and day 7 CFUE were enhanced by feline macrophage conditioned medium and late CFUE often were intimately associated with macrophages. Kittens were inoculated with the Kawakami-Theilen (KT) strain of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and sequential changes in marrow CFU determined. Erythroid aplasia, characterized by progressive non-regenerative anemia, lymphopenia, and a profound decrease in early and late CFUE but not CFUGM was induced by 3 to 5 weeks after FeLV-KT inoculation. The susceptibility of kittens to FeVL-induced erythroid aplasia was strongly age-related; neonatal kittens were most sensitive and substantial natural resistance developed by 4 weeks of age. The results demonstrate that FeLV-KT infection induced a rapid and selective suppression of erythroid progenitor cells and represents a suitable model of experimentally-induced acquired erythroid aplasia.
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PMID:Feline leukemia virus-induced erythroid aplasia: in vitro hemopoietic culture studies. 627


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