Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of a single non-carcinogenic dose of 15 mg/kg methylnitrosourea (MNU) on the immune and hematopoietic systems of adult specific-pathogen-free (SPF) cats were determined. The cell-mediated-immune (CMI) system was markedly suppressed, as evidenced by: (i) Prolonged cutaneous allograft retention time (41-84 days); (ii) Decreased lymphocyte blast transformation response to mitogens (2% of pretreatment response to pokeweed mitogen or concanavalin A) and antigen (12% of untreated control cat response to keyhole limpet hemocyanin); (iii) Reduced number of absolute erythrocyte-rosetting T-cells in the peripheral blood. This immunosuppression lasted at least 3 months, the duration of the experiment. Suppression of the hematopoietic system was also noted as evidenced by: (i) Peripheral lymphopenia lasting 3 months and neutropenia lasting 3 weeks; (ii) Bone marrow hypocellularity lasting 3 weeks; (iii) Hypoplasia of neutrophilic precursors lasting 3 weeks and erythroid precursors lasting 4 days. It was concluded that a single non-carcinogenic dose of MNU induces a prolonged suppression of the CMI system and a brief suppression of hematopoiesis in adult SPF cats. The immunosuppression may in part be responsible for the previously observed increased susceptibility to feline leukemia virus infection and disease of adult SPF cats treated with MNU.
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PMID:The effects of methylnitrosourea on the immune system and hematopoietic system of adult specific pathogen free cats. 16 45

The hematopoiesis of athymic-asplenic (lasat) mice was compared with that of normal, asplenic, and athymic littermates with the same strain background. Erythrocyte blood volume, number and survival time were normal when related to the body weight of the animals. Peripheral blood showed leukopenia with absolute and relative lymphopenia, resembling the athymic rather than the asplenic pattern. The bone marrow was hypocellular as a consequence of a decrease in both lymphocytes and erythroid precursors, while thrombocytopoiesis and granulcytopoiesis-monocytopoiesis were essentially normal. Although the percentile value of femoral stem cells was high, their absolute number was, in fact, reduced by 35% as a result of the bone marrow hypocellularity. When lasat bone marrow cells were injected into normal, lethally irradiated mice, a rapid erythropoietic recovery was observed, whereas the restoration of the granlocytic compartment was impaired. It was concluded that: 1) lasat mice depict a normal hematopoiesis in spite of the congenital absence of the thymus and the spleen; 2) bone marrow stem cells may be defective when administered to lethally irradiated hosts; and 3) the athymic status predominates over the asplenic one.
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PMID:Hematopoiesis of hereditarily asplenic-athymic (lasat) mice. 38 86

Twenty five cattle were infected with T. vivax, 25 with T. congolense, and 25 served as controls. Pathogenic clinical signs of trypanosomal infection were not observed. Secondary bacterial infections were common. Fever, increased heart and respiratory rates, anorexia, and emaciation developed. Elevations in parasitemai and body temperature were positively correlated in the T. vivax group. Infected groups were affected non-uniformly, with some animals in each group remaining asymptomatic and tending to have lower parasitemias. The T. vivax parasitemia was cyclic and the organisms had a genaration time of 7.9 SD 2.5 hours. The first peak of parasitemia in both infections was closely associated with the development of pancytopenia, i.e. anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. The bone marrow erythroid response in the T. congolense group was significantly greater thn that in either the T. vivax or control groups. Leukopenia was due to concomitant neutropenia and lymphopenia.
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PMID:Experimental bovine trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma vivax and T. congolense). I. Sumptomatology and clinical pathology. 54 98

Materials on the state of hemopoietic organs and peripheral blood of mice and rats kept under hypokinetic conditions for from 1 to 60 days are presented. The changes occurring in the lymphoid tissue (involution of thymo-lymphatic apparatus, lymphopenia and neutrophilosis) have been shown to result from the state of stress. In the bone marrow of animals there occurs activation of erythropoiesis (erythroblasts-polychromatophilic normoblasts) at early (up to 15 days) term of hypokinesia, followed by its inhibition on the 60th day of the experiment. The study of kinetics of the amount of hemopoietic stem cells in the spleen and bone marrow of the femur of mice kept under hypokinesia for 1-45 days suggests the amount of stem cells in the spleen to decrease exponentially while in the bone marrow it changes undulatorily with the maximum on the 1st-3d and 30th-45th days of hypokinesia. Shifts in the number of the stem cell population are accompanied by changes in the direction of their differentiation. The stem cells of the bone marrow manifest higher potencies to form colonies of the erythroid type as compared with the stem cells of intact animals. Possible mechanisms underlying the inhibition of lymph-and erythropoiesis and changes of the stem cell differentiation from the myeloid way to the erythroid way under conditions of hypokinesia are discussed.
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PMID:[Hematopoietic functions in hypokinesia]. 79 Dec

The effects of the intravenous administration of triazinate by single and multiple injections were studied in beagle dogs and rhesus monkeys. In dogs, dose levels ranging from 0.3125 to 40 mg/kg were given either as single doses daily for 5 days, or once weekly for 6 weeks. The 5-day regimen was also studied in monkeys with dose levels from 2.5 to 40 mg/kg/day. Prominent drug-related and drug-dependent effects which appeared in both species were piloerection, muscular weakness, and respiratory difficulty which occurred during and immediately after the administration of dose levels of 10 mg/kg or greater. Gastrointestinal toxicity was severe in dogs but mild in monkeys. Lymphoid tissue toxicity was manifested by a circulating lymphopenia and localized cellular depletion in the germinal centers of lymphoid tissues. In dogs, signs of bone marrow toxicity consisted of a circulating neutropenia and, at necropsy, a reduction in the number of erythroid and myeloid elements plus megaloblastosis. Only the latter change was observed in monkeys. This difference in the hematopoietic toxicity between the beagle dog and the rhesus monkey was corroborated by the findings from in vitro studies with bone marrow. DNA synthesis in beagle bone marrow cells was depressed significantly by triazinate as compared with cells from rhesus marrow. A direct renal toxic effect was observed in monkeys given high doses of triazinate (20 and 40 mg/kg/day or 240-280 mg/m/day) for 5 days.
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PMID:Preclinical studies with triazinate (NSC-139105), an antifolate drug, in beagle dogs and rhesus monkeys. 81 4

Hematopoiesis was studied in hereditarily athymic (nude) mice and athymic mice given congeneic thymus cells. Athymic and reconstituted mice had mild anemia which resulted from both hypoplasia of the bone marrow erythrocytic series and decreased iron incorporation in erythroid precursors. Untreated nude mice had hypoplastic marrows due to decrease of both erythrocytic and lymphocytic precursors. The latter was associated with a marked peripheral lymphopenia. Transplantation of thymocytes caused the number of bone marrow and peripheral lymphocytes to return to normal whereas the granulocytic series decreased. Mice reconstituted with thymocytes had marked neutrophilia, eosinophila, and monocytosis compared with either normal or athymic siblings. The number of granulocytic colonies produced by bone marrow cells in agar was very similar in normal and athymic mice with neutrophilia, thus reflecting a normal functioning granulocytic series in a marrow with decreased lymphocytic and erythrocytic cells. The transplantation of thymocytes into athymic mice had no effect on the number of colonies produced by bone marrow cells and the number of spleen colony forming units. It was postulated that maturation of the additional thymocytes permits them to interact with the few endogenous thymocyte precursors present in the nude mice for promotion of bone marrow erythrocytic and lymphocytic proliferations. Alternatively, mature thymocytes may produce factors that were responsible for the effect on lymphoid and erythroid cells.
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PMID:Hematopoiesis in hereditarily athymic mice. 85 Mar 87

Immunosuppression suspected to be associated with retrovirus infection was diagnosed in an 18-month-old female llama. The llama had a 6-month history of weight loss, intermittent lameness, and infections that were nonresponsive to treatment. Serial CBC indicated persistent nonregenerative anemia and leukopenia characterized by absolute neutropenia and lymphopenia. Functional hypoplasia of myeloid and erythroid cell lines was detected in serial bone marrow biopsy specimens. Notable pathologic findings included inadequate hematopoiesis, generalized lymphoid hypoplasia and plasma cell depletion, and pulmonary alveolar histiocytosis. Pneumocystis carinii cysts and viral particles of the size and morphologic features consistent with the retrovirus family were observed in lung sections examined by transmission electron microscopy. Antemortem macrophage and postmortem lymph node cultures were positive for reverse transcriptase activity.
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PMID:Apparent retrovirus-induced immunosuppression in a yearling llama. 133 Oct

The antiviral nucleoside analogue 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC) is a DNA chain terminator and/or inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase. We evaluated the effects of ddC in 36 New Zealand white rabbits. Three/sex were assigned to a control group and 5 treatment groups (10-250 mg/kg/day) for 13 or 18 weeks. Blood samples were taken 1 week prior to treatment and weekly thereafter to termination with the exception of the 2 highest dose groups, where blood sample collection was terminated at week 13. Selected hematological analytes were measured weekly with the exception of prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). PT and APTT and selected biochemical analytes were measured prior to treatment, at 7 weeks, and after 13 weeks of treatment. All rabbits were necropsied. Giemsa and hematoxylin and eosin sections were prepared from methacrylate-embedded marrow. Hematological effects included decreases in red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and white blood cell count and increases in mean corpuscular volume and red cell distribution width. Platelets, platelet volume, PT, APTT, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration values were variable or unchanged. Effects were dose-related, most were seen at 1 week, and they persisted to term. Bone marrow histopathologic changes included megalocytosis, erythroid hypoplasia, bizarre erythroid nuclear morphology, nuclear-cytoplasmic asynchrony, and increased mitotic figures. Lymphopenia caused by ddC plateaued at 2 weeks and persisted until termination. Heteropenia (neutropenia) was sporadic. Biochemical values for serum analytes were unchanged by treatment. The principal hematological effect of ddC upon the erythron was characterized as a nonregenerative macrocytic anemia with erythroid hypoplasia and megaloblastic erythropoiesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hematological effects of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine in rabbits. 133 36

In 4 years (1984-1987), 183 bone marrow examinations were performed on 155 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody positive patients. One hundred and fifty three had category IV AIDS. One-third of the marrows yielded specific information. This included opportunistic infection, in particular Mycobacterium Avium Intracellulare Complex (MAI) (24%), malignancy (4%), consistent with ITP (9%) and iron deficiency (1%). In the remaining two thirds of the bone marrows the most frequent non-specific abnormalities were dyserythropoiesis, erythroid hypoplasia, reticuloendothelial iron block, granulomas, lymphoid aggregates, plasmacytosis and histiocytosis. Common peripheral blood findings were anemia, lymphopenia, anisocytosis, rouleaux and atypical lymphocytes. Peripheral blood and bone marrow examinations on 16 patients on AZT are included. These patients have more pronounced blood and bone marrow abnormalities. The causes of these abnormalities are multifactorial and include low T4 levels, severe viral and other infections and therapy with marrow toxic drugs.
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PMID:Peripheral blood and bone marrow findings in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 209 Oct 4

Immunotherapy with recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells has been applied to patients with metastatic cancers for its antitumour activity. In the present study we investigated the effects of in vivo administration of IL-2 (3 x 10(6) U/m2/d, continuously i.v.) on haematopoiesis. Six patients with disseminated renal cell carcinoma, treated with IL-2 and LAK cells, were monitored for the numbers of white blood cells and circulating haematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). During IL-2 treatment lymphopenia developed, followed by lymphocytosis after discontinuation of IL-2 infusions. IL-2 administration also resulted in neutrophilia and eosinophilia. Absolute numbers of circulating HPC declined markedly during IL-2 treatment. However, after completing IL-2 infusions, the numbers of circulating erythroid (BFU-E), myeloid (CFU-GM) and multipotential progenitor cells (CFU-GEMM) strongly increased, reaching a maximum after 5 d (day 10 from the start of IL-2 treatment). This increase did not result from repeated leucaphereses, since patients treated with IL-2 alone showed a similar response. In comparison with pretreatment levels the pool of circulating HPC expanded about 20-fold. This study illustrates that IL-2 treatment has a biphasic effect on the frequency of circulating BFU-E, CFU-GM and CFU-GEMM, causing a decrease during IL-2 infusion, followed by an increase after IL-2 administration. The total number of progenitor cells harvested by four consecutive leucaphereses is in the range that is commonly used for peripheral blood stem cell autografting.
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PMID:Increased numbers of circulating haematopoietic progenitor cells after treatment with high-dose interleukin-2 in cancer patients. 209 21


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