Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Treatment of mice on four consecutive days with either erythropoietin (EP) or rabbit antimouse thymocyte serum (ATS) resulted in a significant reduction in antigenic reactivity of spleen cells as measured by the Simonsen assay. In normal animals, treatment with either EP or ATS resulted in lymphopenia and in most instances a neutrophilia and a variable monocytopenia. Similar alterations in these cell types were recorded for polycythemic mice subsequent to treatment with either EP or ATS. These data plus histologic analyses support the idea that there is an inverse relationship between the cells committed to differentiate along the lymphoid cell line and the cells committed to differentiate along myeloid cell lines. Further, the data are consistent with the "carrying capacity" concept regarding the stem cell microenvironment and support the monophyletic theory.
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PMID:Alterations in graft--ersus-host reactivity and peripheral leukocytes in mice after erythropoietin treatment. 24 Jul 32

Recent studies showed that the blood BFU-E, when subtracted from the uremic milieu, normally responds to the stimulating factor produced by T lymphocytes. The serum of uremic patients inhibits the in vitro growth of normal BFU-E, however, the inhibition is almost completely reversed by hemodialysis. These data allow to understand why the therapy with erythropoietin relieves the anemia of CRF. Uremic T lymphocytes fail to stimulate the BFU-E growth. Normal T lymphocytes are inhibited by uremic serum and the hemodialysis does not correct the defect. Lymphopenia, decreased number of both T4 and T8 lymphocytes and low T4/T8 ratio were found in 50% of patients. Cimetidine was still able to increase the burst-stimulating activity of uremic T lymphocytes through inhibition of the suppressor T subset. In conclusion, one can say that in CRF T8 lymphocytes are normal and that uremic toxins decrease both number and function of T4 lymphocytes. The deficiency of BPA appears to significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of the anemia of CRF. The experience from our and other Institutions shows the effectiveness of the recombinant human erythropoietin in relieving the anemia of CRF, notwithstanding the hematological milieu is highly modified by uremia.
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PMID:[Recent findings on the pathogenesis and therapy of anemia in chronic kidney failure]. 146 41

The change of cell-mediated immunity was studied in patients receiving open heart surgery with or without administration of recombinant erythropoietin (rEPO). Group I was not administered rEPO in 30 patients, and Group II was done intravenously with 200U/kg/day of rEPO for 6.4 +/- 2.4 days before operation and also for 7.2 +/- 3.6 days after operation in 20 patients. The ratio of reticulocyte increased in all patients receiving rEPO. In both groups the ratios of OKT3 and OKT4 positive T lymphocytes decreased significantly on postoperative day 1. However, the ratios in patients with rEPO increased more significantly than in those without rEPO. Lymphocyte blast formation which was indicated by PHA-SI (phytohemagglutinin stimulation index) increased after administration of rEPO. The postoperative PHA-SI in both groups showed similar changes. The level of interleukin-2 (IL-2) production increased after the administration similar to PHA-SI change. The level of it decreased on postoperative day 1 and increased on postoperative days 3 and 7. We administered 200U/kg/day of rEPO for 7 days in a patient with postoperative erythroderma after open heart surgery and the level of IL-2 production was found to also increase in patient according with recovery of symptom. In conclusion, our data suggested that the rEPO might effect on not only erythrocyte but also lymphocyte activation.
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PMID:[The changes of the cell-mediated immunity in patients with administration of recombinant erythropoietin]. 153 15

Previous studies have shown that a decrease in red cell mass occurs in astronauts, and some studies indicate a leukocytosis occurs. A life science module housing young and mature rats was flown on shuttle mission Spacelab 3 (SL-3), and the results of hematology studies of flight and control rats are presented. Statistically significant increases in the hematocrit, red blood cell counts, and hemoglobin determinations, together with a mild neutrophilia and lymphopenia, were found in flight animals. No significant changes were found in bone marrow and spleen cell differentials or erythropoietin determinations. Clonal assays demonstrated an increased erythroid colony formation of flight animal bone marrow cells at erythropoietin doses of 0.02 and 1.0 U/ml but not 0.20 U/ml. These results agree with some but vary from other previously published studies. Erythropoietin assays and clonal studies were performed for the first time.
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PMID:Hematological measurements in rats flown on Spacelab shuttle, SL-3. 381 59

This study aimed to assess the influence of short-term therapy with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on selected parameters of humoral and cell mediated immunity in haemodialyzed uraemic patients (HDP). In 12 HDP before, and after 1 and 3 months of rhEPO therapy the following parameters were assessed: nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test, NBT test after latex stimulation, number of B, T and CD4 and CD4- and CD8-positive T lymphocytes, serum concentrations of IgG, IgA and IgM. The number of granulocytes with a positive NBT test was significantly higher after 3 months of rhEPO therapy. The number of granulocytes with a positive NBT test after latex stimulation increase both after 1 and 3 months of rhEPO therapy but significantly only after 3 months of treatment. The number of CD4-positive T lymphocytes increased significantly after 3 months of rhEPO therapy, while the number of CD8-positive lymphocytes decreased significantly after 1 month of therapy. The CD4/CD8 ratio increased significantly after 3 months of rhEPO therapy. Serum IgA concentration increased significantly after 1 and 3 months, while serum IgG level only after 3 months of rhEPO therapy. From the results obtained in this study it follows that rhEPO therapy exerts a positive effect on function of both T and B lymphocytes in haemodialyzed uraemic patients.
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PMID:[The effect of short-term erythropoietin therapy on selected parameters of cell mediated and humoral immunity in hemodialyzed uremic patients]. 747 17

Recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) is recognized to be effective in the treatment of anemia in patients on chronic dialysis. However, studies on the influence of r-HuEPO on the immune system are currently limited and inconsistent. In order to clarify the alteration of T and B lymphocyte subpopulations in patients on CAPD following administration of r-HuEPO, the changes in the expression of HLA-DR, IL2R and CD4/CD8 ratio in the peripheral blood of CAPD patients were evaluated using flow cytometry. In addition, the production of immunoglobulins in peripheral lymphocytes by enzyme immunoassays in 30 CAPD outpatients with anemia, who were treated with r-HuEPO in Tokai University Hospital, was also studied. The dose of r-HuEPO was 6,000 IU in 13 patients in group I and 9,000 IU in 17 patients in group II. The r-HuEPO was given subcutaneously once a week for up to 9 weeks. The level of hematocrit increase significantly following treatment with r-HuEPO. The numbers of lymphocytes and their CD4/CD8 ratios in peripheral blood showed no significant changes after administration of r-HuEPO. The count of HLA-DR-positive T lymphocytes increased significantly and the count of IL2R-positive T lymphocytes decreased and normalized after administration of r-HuEPO. In comparison with healthy controls, basal formation of IgG, IgA and IgM was decreased significantly in PBMC from patients on CAPD. Following treatment with r-HuEPO, the production of IgG, IgA and IgM in PBMC from CAPD patients did not show any significant changes. In conclusion, this study suggested that the administration of r-HuEPO altered T lymphocyte function and also corrected anemia in CAPD patients.
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PMID:[Numerical and functional alterations in T and B lymphocyte subpopulations in CAPD patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin]. 781 48

This article briefly summarizes the literature regarding possible defects in cell-mediated immunity in the setting of chronic renal failure. It is difficult to precisely determine the proximate cause or level of such defects from most studies. Confounding variables include reports on mixed patient populations (predialytic chronic renal failure, hemodialysis patients, and peritoneal dialysis patients) and studies before and after the introduction of erythropoietin for end-stage renal disease patients. While it seems clear that lymphopenia, suboptimal responses to mitogens, abnormal cytokine gene expression, and abnormal IL-2R expression are seen in a number of dialysis patients, the role of uremia versus dialysis in producing these abnormalities is unclear. In addition, it is difficult to determine whether T cell abnormalities are primary or secondary to impaired function of other interacting immune cells, such as macrophages. Clinical implications of defects in cell-mediated immunity are additionally discussed.
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PMID:T cell function in chronic renal failure and dialysis. 798 74

A 75-year-old woman presenting with myelodysplastic syndrome showed cyclic oscillations in her white blood cell and platelet counts. Each cycle lasted for 5 to 6 months, with 4 cycles occurring over the course of a 2-year period. During successive cycles, the white blood cell count fluctuated from 10.1 to 2.6; 13.8 to 1.8; 11.0 to 1.6, and 8.6 to 1.3 x 10(9)/L. The platelet count fluctuated from 242 to 38, 199 to 11, 110 to 5, and 75 to 3 x 10(9)/L. The patient underwent red blood cell transfusions because of red blood cell aplasia; the frequency of the transfusions and the erythropoietin concentration in serum were inversely correlated. The number of circulating granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units and CD34-positive cells in peripheral blood oscillated in phase with the white blood cell and platelet counts. These patterns suggested a periodic influx of progenitor cells from hematopoietic stem cells. The ratio of neutrophils to mononuclear cells remained essentially constant throughout the clinical course. Lymphocyte subset assessments using monoclonal antibodies showed an inverse CD4/CD8 ratio (less than 1) and extreme B cell lymphopenia throughout the fourth cycle. The percentage of CD3-positive cells oscillated inversely, suggesting that the cyclic cytopenia had an immune mechanism involving T lymphocytes.
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PMID:Adult onset cyclic hematopoiesis in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome. 1072 92

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients experience a range of haematological complications including anaemia, neutropenia, lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia. Anaemia is a prognostic marker of future disease progression or death, independent of CD4 and viral load. Recovery from anaemia reduces the risk of disease progression to approximately the same level as seen among patients who have never had anaemia. Additionally, anaemia impacts a range of dimensions of quality of life, most commonly through fatigue. Anaemia can be caused by a range of mechanisms including infections, neoplasms, dietary deficiencies, blood loss and medication. Histologically, bone marrow hypoproliferation and dysplasia are the most commonly seen. Both AZT and d4T induce macrocytosis, however, AZT, but not d4T, has broader myelosuppressive effects both in vitro and in vivo. The management of anaemia typically includes correction of the underlying cause(s) and blood transfusion or erythropoietin. However, blood transfusions and iron supplementation may activate HIV expression and possibly worsen immunosuppression. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is an effective means of improving haemoglobin and reducing transfusion requirements in patients who have low (< 500 IU/L) endogenous erythropoietin levels.
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PMID:Anaemia in persons with HIV infection: prognostic marker and contributor to morbidity. 1199 79

Anaemia is a common complication of the HIV infection. To understand the mechanism of HIV associated anaemia and to suggest a consequent therapeutic approach in adults in Mali, we undertook a prospective case/control study in two services of reference with essentially adults recruitment in Bamako. We studied the frequency, the risk factors and the prognosis value of this complication in 133 patients with HIV infection matched to 133 others non HIV infected. The average age of our patients was 36.08 +/- 8.80 years (age range: 19 to 66 years). The frequency of anaemia was significantly higher in patients with HIV infection compared to the controls (78.9% vs. 51.9%; OR = 2.46; 95% CI [1.56-3.92]). Anaemia was more frequent in women than in men (p = 0.00003). A significant association between anaemia and thrombopenia or lymphopenia was observed only in patients with HIV infection. The severity of anemia was positively associated with the HIV2 infection and the progression of the HIV disease. Mortality was more frequently associated to the anaemia (p < 10(-5)) in patients infected by HIV. These findings suggest that bone marrow depression leading to a decreased red blood cells production is the main mechanism of HIV associated anaemia in adult in Mali. Therefore, without evidence of a best cost-effectiveness ratio of a human recombinant erythropoietin treatment in the context of countries with a low income, the therapy of this haematological complication must be an emergency focusing on red blood cells transfusions.
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PMID:[Frequency, risk factors and prognostic value of anemia associated with HIV/AIDS in the adult in Mali]. 1283 31


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