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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg of Gamma-Falisan-Universal dry dressing agent (active ingredients including 20 per cent of Lindan and 2.5 per cent of phenyl-mercury acetate) were administered in agar suspension by stomach intubation to rats over 13 weeks, with five applications weekly. The following changes were produced: retardation in body weight, lymphopenia and leucopenia, rise of segment-nuclear neutrophils in peripheral blood, decrease of haematocrit and haemoglobin, as well as rise in activities of leucine aminopeptidase and serum glutamate oxalo-acetate transaminase. The males proved to be more sensitive in the context of their haematological parameters, while the females displayed higher sensitivity in terms of clinico-chemical values. Absolute weight increases were recorded from kidneys and liver of both males and females and from the adrenal gland of females, while weight loss was recorded from the pituitary gland of males. Changes of the same kind were expressed even more strongly, in the context of relative weights of organs. Histopathological changes were recorded from liver, kidneys, and adrenal gland of either sex, and they were histometrically confirmed. Retardation in body weight, rise in activity of leucine aminopeptidase, and weight changes of various organs were significant up to first dosage group. Analogous findings were obtained with regard to microscopic changes in kidneys. Hence, no-effect levels did not occur at all throughout the experiment.
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PMID:[Subchronic toxicity of gamma-Falisan-Universal dry dressing agent to rats]. 615 64

Properties of normal murine thymocytes forming in vitro cellular complexes with thymic epithelial-like stromal cells in the form of pseudoemperipolesis were studied. The complex-forming cells were low-buoyant-density blasts primarily localized to the subcapsular zone. After transition into small cortical lymphocytes, their capacity for complex formation was lost. The complex-forming cells were relatively resistant to cortisone acetate and low-dose (170 rads) whole-body X-irradiation. Their number increased sharply in the early stage of thymic regeneration, corresponding to an increase in the percentage of large thymic lymphocytes 4 to 5 days after cortisone treatment or X-irradiation. However, after the thymus was repopulated with small lymphocytes, the percentage of complex-forming lymphocytes decreased rapidly to the normal level. A possible relationship between a step in thymic leukemogenesis and intrathymic T-cell differentiation is discussed.
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PMID:Differentiation-associated cellular complex formation of murine thymocytes with thymic stromal cells. 649 38

Acute extrinsic allergic alveolitis was experimentally induced in rabbits using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as antigen. Broncho-alveolar lavage was performed on the excised lungs and total and differential cellular yields determined, and correlated with the histopathological changes in the lungs as well as the total and differential white blood cell counts. After a single parenteral immunization with HRP without adjuvants, and weekly aerosol challenges with nebulized HRP solution for 3 consecutive weeks, a 3-fold increase in the total cell count as well as a very pronounced rise in the percentage of lymphocytes was noticed. Histopathologically, the bronchi-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) became more prominent, an increase in the number of foreign body giant cells was noticed and a focal interstitial and intra-alveolar accumulation of lymphocytes, granulocytes and macrophages could be demonstrated, as well as a mild hyperplasia of type 2 alveolar epithelial cells. Intramuscular injections of methylprednisolone acetate (Depo-Medrol) every 72 hours induced a pronounced peripheral lymphopenia, thymic involution and an almost complete disappearance of the BALT in both the control and HRP-challenged rabbits. Similarly, a marked decrease in the total cell count and percentage of lymphocytes was noticed in the broncho-alveolar fluid of the animals with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. No signs of interstitial or intra-alveolar reactions were seen in the lungs of the experimental animals after 3 weeks of aerosol antigen challenge when treated with steroids. Collectively, these data suggest that the development of hypersensitivity pneumonitis was, at least in part, due to a cell-mediated immunological reaction in the lung. This animal model in which steroid suppression of experimental allergic alveolitis has been demonstrated, may be employed to elucidate the cellular pathogenesis of this disease process.
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PMID:[The effect of steroid therapy on cytological and histopathological changes during experimental extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis)]. 725 58

Leucocytosis with neutrophilia, lymphopenia and eosinopenia, and decreases in plasma endogenous glucocorticoid levels were used to study the pharmacological kinetics of dexamethasone in pigs. The return to baseline of endogenous plasma glucocorticoid levels was the most sensitive index of dexamethasone action. Intravenous administration of 38 microgram/kg of the soluble phosphate ester produced a maximal response. Higher dosages (76 and 152 microgram/kg) did not increase the intensity of the response, but did increase its duration, which was less than 24 hours. The same response was obtained when dexamethasone phosphate (75 microgram/kg) was given by the intramuscular route. Insoluble esters had a weaker but longer action which lasted for 28 hours with terethoxy-acetate, and approximatively 48 hours with acetate and isonicotinate, on the basis of the pituitary-adrenal axis inhibition. After intramuscular administration, dexamethasone esters induced a weak hyperglycemia but no changes in plasma sodium, chloride or calcium levels were observed.
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PMID:[Comparative pharmacological effectiveness of dexamethasone esters in pigs (author's transl)]. 745 40

The objective of this investigation was to determine the effect of vitamin E administration on leucocyte parameters and some of their functions in transported calves. In the study 8 calves, aged approx. 10 days, divided into two groups, were used. 20 mg of tocopheryl-acetate per kg body weight were administered orally to each of the 4 experimental calves 24 hours before loading. The calves were transported by road for 3 hours. Blood samples collected before and after the transportation were examined for total and differential leucocyte counts, T-lymphocyte subpopulation, phagocytic activity, leucocyte migration, serum immunoglobulin levels, and for plasma vitamin E and cortisol levels. The animals showed a leucocytosis with neutrophilia and lymphopenia after transportation. The administration of vitamin E led to a decrease of cortisol level in 24 hours. There was no difference between groups in cortisol reaction due to transportation stress. Leucocyte migration has been less inhibited in the control group after unloading. A mild decline in phagocytic activity was observed 3 hours after transportation. Serum immunoglobulins were unaffected by both vitamin E administration and transportation. Vitamin E had no significant effect on leucocyte function and cortisol levels in present study.
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PMID:Effect of vitamin E on some leucocytic parameters and functions in transported calves. 814 99

Twenty-eight immature male rabbits were divided into four experimental groups and administered a standard diet containing respectively 0, 15, 75 and 150 ppm of triphenyltin acetate (TPTA) for 70 days. The highest dose group showed a decrease in erythrocyte count, haemoglobin content and packed cell volume. As early as on day 35, leucopenia and lymphopenia were recorded in all treated groups, thereby confirming the well-known immunosuppressive activity of organo-tin compounds. Both total serum protein and albumin levels apparently altered by TPTA treatment. Conversely, there was a dose-dependent increase for both alpha 2-globulin fraction and blood urea nitrogen serum levels, suggesting a possible renal involvement.
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PMID:[Subacute toxicity of triphenyltin acetate (TPTA) in the rabbit: clinical observations and hematologic, hematochemical and enzymatic changes]. 817 9

A 46-year-old man was admitted to our clinic because of acute heart failure. Six years before admission he was pointed out cardiomegary and hematuria. One year later, he was diagnosed as having jugular foramen syndrome. On admission, he had a fever and dyspnea. Pansystolic blowing murmur was audible at the apex. The chest ratio on his chest X-ray was 52.5%. An electrocardiogram showed left ventricular hypertrophy. An echocardiogram showed marked dilatation and severe dysfunction of left ventricle. Radionuclide scanning with technetium 99 m pyrophosphate identified inflammatory change in the apex. Myocardial biopsy showed fibrotic degeneration and IgG deposits in myocardium. Blood examination showed anemia, lymphopenia. positive anti-nuclear antibody (1000 times, shaggy pattern), positive anti ds-DNA antibody and hypocomplementemia. Furthermore, proteinuria was pointed out. Renal biopsy showed focal segmental glomerulonephritis with active necrotizing lesion (type III nephritis). Lupus myocarditis and nephritis was diagnosed. After prednisolone (80 mg/day) was administered. left ventricular function and hypocomplementemia improved. The ACE inhibitor was also used for proteinuria. In spite of a little amount of blood transfusion, he showed hepatic hemosiderosis. We suspect that the cause of hemosiderosis was related chronic inflammation of active lupus. It was treated with Erythropoietin.
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PMID:[A case of lupus myocarditis and nephritis with transient foramen jugular syndrome]. 939 74

Animal models of Pneumocystis carinii (Pc) pneumonia (PCP) play a central role in research on the Pc microorganism itself and the disease, especially the pathogenesis and the host defence. The classic rat model with corticosteroid-induced reactivation of a latent infection has been most widely used. In our search for alternative non-rodent models, six 31/2-week-old piglets were injected intramuscularly with methylprednisolone acetate, at 18 mg/kg body weight, once a week for 6 weeks. Six littermate piglets constituted the control group. The principals showed a markedly lower growth rate than the controls. Furthermore, they developed "moon face" and "pot belly", snoring sounds while eating, and pronounced respiratory distress during handling. Significant changes in haematological parameters, including lymphopenia, were observed in the principal group. The Pc antibody titres of the controls increased to high levels, whereas the principals were all low-titred or seronegative for Pc at the last blood sampling. At necropsy, the mean body weight of the principals was about half that of the controls. In addition, they had an extreme reduction of the thymus together with dark red consolidations of the frontal lung lobes and/or atelectatic looking diaphragmatic lobes. Histopathologically, there was a focal interstitial pneumonia. Alveolar walls and interstitia had mononuclear cell infiltrations and the alveolar lumina were occluded by foamy acidophilic honeycomb material with a varying number of Pc cysts. The reduced body weight, the thymus involution, and the lymphopenia, together with the reduced levels of specific Pc antibodies and the histomorphology of the PCP, were consistent parameters of the principal group and comparable to the findings of the classic rat model. Thus, the present study is the first to describe that prolonged administration of high doses of methylprednisolone acetate can induce PCP in piglets.
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PMID:Experimental corticosteroid induction of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in piglets. 1054 89

Lymphopenia is a common finding in dialysis patients. Since infection rate and mortality associated with infection are high in dialysis patients, lymphopenia may be one of the contributing factors. In the present study, we evaluated the mechanism responsible for lymphopenia in these patients. Lymphocytes isolated from dialysis patients showed increased apoptosis (p < 0.001) when compared to lymphocytes isolated from healthy subjects (healthy subjects, 0.5 +/- 0.2% vs. dialysis patients, 8.8 +/- 0.7% apoptotic cells/field). Sera from dialysis patients promoted lymphocyte apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. These sera also enhanced lymphocyte DNA fragmentation into multiple integers of 180 base pairs in the form of a ladder pattern. Cellulose acetate membranes promoted T cell apoptosis when compared to polysulfone membranes and to control. Cellulose acetate dialysis membranes also appear to promote lymphocyte FasL expression. Similarly, dialysis sera enhanced T cell Fas as well as FasL expression. Neither the cellulose acetate nor polysulfone membranes could induce FasL expression on B cells. Similarly, dialysis sera failed to induce FasL expression on B cells. On the other hand, anti-FasL antibodies attenuated dialysis sera-induced apoptosis in T as well as B cells. Interestingly, dialysis serum showed a 5-fold increase in FasL content when compared with control serum. These results suggest that dialysis-associated factors can induce autocrine death in T cells but the help of activated T cells is required to induce death in B cells.
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PMID:Lymphopenia in dialysis patients: a preliminary study indicating a possible role of apoptosis. 1192 54

Lymphangiectasia is a congenital or acquired disorder characterized by abnormal, dilated lymphatics with a variable age of presentation. We describe a case of lymphangiectasia with intestinal and pulmonary involvement in an adolescent female, who presented with many of the classic features including chylous pleural effusions, lymphopenia, hypogammaglobinemia, and a protein-losing enteropathy. She also presented with recurrent lower gastrointestinal bleeding, which is infrequently described. The patient did not improve with bowel rest and a low-fat medium-chain triglyceride diet and had little improvement with octreotide acetate therapy. However, she had a clinical response to antiplasmin therapy, trans-4-aminothylcyclohexamine carboxylic acid (tranexamic acid) in terms of serum albumin and gastrointestinal bleeding. She continues to have exacerbations of her condition, as well as persistent lymphopenia and chronic pleural effusions.
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PMID:Primary intestinal and thoracic lymphangiectasia: a response to antiplasmin therapy. 1204 62


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