Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-two patients with cutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma were treated with intralesional injections of the methanol extraction residue of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (MER). The local reaction consisted of erythema and pustule formation followed by ulceration and tumor necrosis. Side effects included fever, chills, headache and malaise in the majority of patients; nausea, vomiting, cyanosis and hypotension occurred infrequently. Hypersensitivity reactions were not observed. Temporary abnormalities in liver function were seen in 11 of 19 patients tested. Reversible lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia developed in 7 of 17 and 7 of 18 patients, respectively. Immune function, as measured by skin tests for delayed hypersensitivity and the in vitro response of isolated lymphocytes to mitogens and microbial antigens, was not influenced by treatment with MER. Transient increases were observed in total hemolytic complement, complement components and the reduction of nitroblue-tetrazolium by neutrophils. Eight of eighteen evaluable patients showed a complete disappearance of all injected lesions. We conclude that intratumoral injection of MER is effective treatment for cutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma, with a complete response rate comparable to that observed after intralesional injection of BCG.
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PMID:Intralesional injection of the methanol extraction residue of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (MER) into cutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma. 72 66

A 39-year-old woman developed transient erythema and arthralgia in spring 1987. In June she had a tick bite followed by local erythema and later migrating skin changes. Furthermore she developed pain in various joints with Raynaud's phenomenon at the fingers, swelling of the knee joints and shoulder pain. Demonstration of antibodies against B. burgdorferi antigen was shown in one institution (IFL, Western blot) while the same serum in two other institutions remained negative (IHA, ELISA). Antibiotic treatment was only temporarily successful. While the demonstration of antinuclear factors could be attributed to cross-reacting antibodies in borreliosis failing effects of absorption of serum with this antigen led to the assumption SLE as the underlying disease. Further indications were lymphopenia, increasing titers of anti ds-DNA antibodies and renal involvement as erythrocyturia and proteinuria. Sudden relief of the symptoms after treatment with steroids may be taken as further prove for this assumption. The interference of both diseases and their similarity in symptoms may impede correct diagnosis.
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PMID:[Borrelia infection and systemic lupus erythematosus]. 269 42

Ten yearling white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were inoculated with bluetongue virus serotype 17. Two yearling white-tailed deer were inoculated with sonicated heparinized noninfected blood and served as controls. Clinical signs of bluetongue virus infection included increased rectal temperature, erythema, facial edema, coronitis, and stomatitis. By postinoculation day (PID) 8, excessive bleeding and hematoma formation at venipuncture sites, dehydration, and diarrhea developed. At necropsy, the most consistent findings were oral lesions and widespread hemorrhage, which ranged from petechia to massive hematoma formation. Bluetongue virus caused progressive prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time, and progressive reduction of Factors VIII and XII plasma activities beginning on PID 6. A progressive decrease in platelet numbers also developed on PID 6. Changes in platelet size were not detected. Mean thrombin time was shortened, but prolongation developed in 1 deer. Mean fibrinogen concentration and Factor V plasma activity initially increased and then decreased, but remained above preinoculation values. Factor V activity was low in a few deer. Results of screening tests for inhibitors of the intrinsic coagulation system were positive in 2 deer. High concentrations of fibrin(ogen) degradation products were first detected between PID 3 and 6. Hematologic changes included leukopenia, lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and low total plasma protein concentration. Differences in PCV, hemoglobin concentration, or RBC counts were not detected between infected and control deer. Serum total bilirubin concentration increased by PID 6, primarily because of increased unconjugated bilirubin concentration. Mild to severe increases in serum aspartate transaminase activity were accompanied by more marked increases in creatine kinase activity. Indirect Coombs test results were negative in all deer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Experimentally induced bluetongue virus infection in white-tailed deer: coagulation, clinical pathologic, and gross pathologic changes. 285 9

Healthy adult volunteers were inoculated intranasally with human parvovirus obtained from an asymptomatic blood donor. One week after inoculation, intense viremia was observed in seronegative volunteers, accompanied by a mild illness with pyrexia, malaise, myalgia, itching, and excretion of virus from the respiratory tract. In the following week hematologic studies revealed reticulocytopenia with an associated slight drop in hemoglobin concentration, lymphopenia, neutropenia, and a drop in platelet counts. At 17-18 days after inoculation a second-phase illness with rash and arthralgia lasting three to four days occurred in three of four infected volunteers. This study confirms the etiologic role of human parvovirus in erythematous rash illness, with the second-phase illness being consistent with adult cases of erythema infectiosum. Moreover, the hematologic changes associated with infection support the hypothesis that the same virus is responsible for the temporary arrest of erythropoiesis that leads to aplastic crisis in persons with chronic hemolytic anemia.
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PMID:Experimental parvoviral infection in humans. 299 31

As part of a study of the therapeutic potential of anti-T cell monoclonal antibodies, we studied the biologic effects of 8BE6, a mouse anti-guinea pig (GP) pan-T cell monoclonal antibody, on blood and tissue T cells and on the prototypic T cell-mediated reactions, classic delayed hypersensitivity (DH) and cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH). 8BE6 reacts to a 68,000 m.w. protein probably homologous with human CD5 (T1) and murine Lyt-1. A single dose of 1.8 to 3.4 mg 8BE6 caused lymphopenia and greater than 90% depletion of 8BE6+ peripheral T cells 1 to 72 hr later, and a significant but lesser decrease of lymphocytes reacting with another pan-T cell monoclonal antibody (p less than 0.02 at 24 hr). Free serum 8BE6 was detected for up to 48 hr after administration. Immunoperoxidase stains of tissue revealed that lymphocytes in lymph nodes and spleen were coated with mouse immunoglobulin 1 hr after antibody treatment and displayed in situ capping. Subsequently, there was a loss of T cells in all tissues (spleen, lymph node, liver, and kidney) except the thymus, with normal 8BE6 antigen staining returning by 72 hr. Areas of induration of DH reactions to PPD were reduced in 8BE6-treated GP, compared with pretreatment reactions in the same GP or in control-treated GP (p less than 0.001 for both). The numbers of infiltrating T cells and fibronectin-receptor-positive macrophages were also reduced. In contrast, 8BE6 had no effect on CBH reactions, as judged by erythema and basophil counts in 1-micron sections, although fewer T cells were found in reaction sites. There were no differences in IgM, fibronectin, or Ia staining between 8BE6-treated GP and controls. In vivo administration of a single dose of anti-T cell monoclonal antibody results in a transient, highly specific depletion of T cell populations in peripheral blood and tissues except the thymus. This treatment inhibits DH but not CBH reactions by systemic and local depletion of T cells.
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PMID:Anti-T cell monoclonal antibodies in vivo. I. Inhibition of delayed hypersensitivity but not cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity reactions. 349 71

Currently available therapies are unsatisfactory for locally advanced solid tumors of the lung, head and neck, and brain. Laboratory data suggest that the addition of paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Oncology, Princeton, NJ), a microtubule-stabilizing drug, to radiation therapy may result in significant radiation sensitization, perhaps because paclitaxel induces cell cycle arrest at G2/M. Relatively low concentrations, 1 to 10 nmol/L, appear to be optimal for direct cytotoxicity and radiosensitization in vitro. Within this dose range, more prolonged exposure seems to result in higher response rates. We are conducting phase I trials designed to test continuous infusion (24 hours per day, 7 days per week) intravenous paclitaxel combined with standard curative-intent radiation therapy. To date, 22 patients are evaluable, and the maximum tolerated dose of paclitaxel has not been reached at up to 2.5 mg/m2/d. Observed toxicities include anemia, lymphopenia, mucositis, and cutaneous erythema/desquamation.
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PMID:Phase I studies of continuous-infusion paclitaxel given with standard aggressive radiation therapy for locally advanced solid tumors. 764 23

We studied the frequency, location, clinical and histopathological features, associated manifestations, and prognosis of vasculitides in a cohort of 667 SLE patients. Exclusion of patients with previous vasculitis or insufficient information left 540 patients, 194 of whom has vasculitis (incidence density: 0.053 new cases/person/year, cumulative incidence of 0.051 at one year, 0.232 at 5 years and 0.411 at 10 years). Vasculitis was confirmed by biopsy in 46 cases, by arteriography in five, and by both in three. A single episode of vasculitis occurred in 119 and two or more in 75 patients. Vasculitis was cutaneous in 160, visceral in 24, both in 10. In the first episode of cutaneous vasculitides, 111 had punctuate lesions, 32 palpable purpura, 6 urticaria, 6 ulcers, 8 papules, 5 erythematous plaques or macules confirmed with biopsy, 2 erythema with necrosis, and 1 panniculitis (plus small vessel vasculitis). Of 29 with visceral vasculitis in the first episode, 19 had mononeuritis multiplex, 5 digital necrosis, 3 large artery vasculitis of limbs, one mesenteric, and one coronary, more than one type could appear simultaneously or in subsequent episodes. Patients with vasculitis had longer disease duration and followup, younger age of onset of SLE, and were more frequently males than those without. Lupus manifestations associated with vasculitis in univariate logistic regression included myocarditis, psychosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, serositis, leukopenia, lymphopenia and pleuritis. Vasculitis also associated with the antiphospholipid syndrome. The strength of this association increased when patients with vasculitis confirmed by biopsy and/or arteriography were considered separately. Visceral vasculitis associated with increased mortality when controlled for age of onset and nephropathy.
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PMID:Vasculitis in systemic lupus erythematosus. 910 29

A prospective study was made of 93 patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), including 34 patients with primary APS (PAPS) and 59 with secondary APS (SAPS) associated with exanthematous lupus erythematosus (ELE). According to the clinical outcomes, PAPS is heterogeneous since the clinical and laboratory signs of ELE or lupus-like syndrome occurred in two thirds of the patients with PAPS. The clinical manifestations of PAPS and ELE-associated SAPS differed at the height of disease: the signs of vascular diseases were prevalent in patients with PAPS and ELE-associated systemic manifestations were predominant in those with SAPS. In the patients with APS who further developed ELE, unlike those with PAPS showed a high incidence of transient erythema and arthralgias. The levels of serological markers in patients with APS at its height did not differ. As compared with healthy individuals, patients with APS were found to have the similar changes in the nonspecific immunological parameters manifested by absolute lymphopenia, by the diminished Fc-phagocytosis of monocytes and neutrophils, by the elevated levels of circulating immune complexes, and by the high biocidal activity of neutrophils. There were no significant differences in the immunity of patients with PAPS and in those with SAPS.
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PMID:[Clinical and immunological characteristics of primary and secondary antiphospholipid syndrome]. 1546 24

The diaphragm is an unusual localization for disseminated erythematous lupus and is generally not recognized. We present the case of a 34-year-old woman who developed bilateral pain in the base of the thorax 15 days before hospitalization without any bronchial signs and NYHA stage II dyspnea. The patient's general health status remained satisfactory and the physical examination was normal except for diffuse inflammatory joint pain and cutaneous photosensitivization. The chest x-ray disclosed ascension of both hemidiaphragms with retracted lungs associated with bilateral basal atalectasia. The diagnosis of lupus with diaphragmatic involvement was retained due to the clinical presentation with diffuse joint pain, photosensitization with facial erythema, pericardial effusion and elevated antinuclear antibody and lymphopenia (1 100/mm3). Lung function tests revealed a restrictive syndrome. Oral corticosteroids 1 mg/kg/d enabled clinical and functional improvement. In light of this observation we discuss the pathogenic mechanisms of this uncommon localization of lupus and the difficulty of establishing a sure diagnosis.
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PMID:[Disseminated erythematous lupus with bilateral diaphragmatic involvement]. 1684 Sep 98

Sulfur mustard is an alkylating agent that reacts with ocular, respiratory, cutaneous, and bone marrow tissues, resulting in early and late toxic effects. We compare these effects based on the experience in Iranian veterans exposed to the agent during the Iran-Iraq conflict (1983-88). The first clinical manifestations of sulfur mustard poisoning occurred in the eyes with a sensation of grittiness, lacrimation, photophobia, blepharospasm, and corneal ulceration. Respiratory effects appeared as rhinorhea, laryngitis, tracheobronchitis, and dyspnoea. Skin lesions varied from erythema to bullous necrotization. Initial leukocytosis and lymphopenia returned to normal within four weeks in recovered patients, but marked cytopenia with bone marrow failure occurred in fatal cases. Late toxic effects of sulfur mustard were most commonly found in lungs, skin and eyes. Main respiratory complications were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, asthma, large airway narrowing, and pulmonary fibrosis. Late skin lesions were hyperpigmentation, dry skin, atrophy, and hypopigmentation. Fifteen of the severely intoxicated patients were diagnosed with delayed keratitis, having corneal vascularization, thinning, and epithelial defect. Respiratory complications exacerbated over time, while cutaneous and ocular lesions decreased or remained constant. Both the severity and frequency of bronchiectatic lesions increased during long-term follow-up. The only deteriorating cutaneous complication was dry skin. The maximum incidence of delayed kaeratitis was observed 15 to 20 years after initial exposure. Being suggested as the main cause ofassociated with malignancies and recurrent infections, natural killer cells were significantly lower 16 to 20 years after intoxication.
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PMID:Comparison of early and late toxic effects of sulfur mustard in Iranian veterans. 1704 Feb 11


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