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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tumor necrosis factor is a peptide cytokine that induces hemorrhagic necrosis of some tumors and is responsible for the severe cachexia observed in advanced infectious diseases. We evaluated the acute effects of intravenous administration of purified human recombinant tumor necrosis factor in mice. With as little as 0.01 microgram/mouse (0.00045 mg/kg) a peripheral blood lymphopenia and neutrophilia developed as determined by flow cytometric analysis. At 1 microgram/mouse, the lymphopenia was both relative (21 +/- 3% versus 65 +/- 3%; p less than 0.001 treated versus control) and absolute (62 +/- 10 versus 229 +/- 29 X 10(4) cells/ml p less than 0.001). The neutrophilia was also relative (79 +/- 3% versus 34 +/- 3%; p less than 0.001 treated versus control) and absolute (237 +/- 26 versus 110 +/- 13 X 10(4) cell/ml; p less than 0.001). The neutrophilia was due to an increase in both mature and immature cells. At the higher doses the animals developed hypovolemic shock with an increased hematocrit and watery diarrhea occurred. Microscopic examination of the small bowel disclosed necrosis of the villi. Ultrastructural studies of the small bowel confirmed the necrosis and also showed severe endothelial cell damage, pyknotic nuclei, exocytosis of Paneth cell granules, and extravasation of red blood cells and neutrophils into the interstitium. A vascular leak syndrome developed with preferential fluid loss into the small and large bowel. These data demonstrate the potent in vivo effects of purified human recombinant tumor necrosis factor.
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PMID:Acute in vivo effects of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor. 359 6

Some aspects of typhoid fever in 77 children are discussed. There were 48 boys and 29 girls and their ages ranged from 1 month to 12 years. The patients were treated with chloramphenicol 100 mg/kg/d during the first 2 weeks and with either amoxycillin (100 mg/kg/d) or ampicillin (200 mg/kg/d) during the third week. The average duration of fever was 5.2 days. There was 1 relapse and 1 child, a baby aged 1 month, died. The correct diagnosis was not suspected by the referring doctor in 38% of the patients. On admission the commonest complaints were fever, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, headache and vomiting. The commonest findings on examination were tenderness or distension of the abdomen, apathy or delirium, rhonchi or crepitations, liver enlargement and meningism. There was anaemia (Hb less than 10 g/dl) in 23% and lymphopenia (less than 1500/microliter) in 43% of the patients. The differential white blood cell count revealed 5% or more unsegmented neutrophils in 32% of the patients, while 25% had 10% or more band cells. Two patients (sisters) failed to respond after 15 and 16 days of therapy with chloramphenicol and ampicillin because of resistant Salmonella typhi and were successfully treated with co-trimoxazole. Practitioners caring for black patients should always be on the alert for typhoid fever; some patients may not respond to chloramphenicol or amoxicillin. During the acute phase milk feeds are best replaced by soya products because of abdominal distension or aggravation of diarrhoea by milk.
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PMID:[Aspects of typhoid fever in children]. 376 9

Seventy nine cases of sporadic, community acquired legionnaires' disease have been reviewed. Annual and seasonal variation in incidence was noted. The mean age of the patients was 53 years and 50 (63%) were male. Pre-existing chronic diseases were present in only 23 (29%), including two patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment. Common symptoms included unproductive cough, dyspnoea, chest pain, headache, confusion, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Respiratory symptoms were absent, however, in 17 (22%). Localising chest signs were present in 74 (95%) cases. Frequent laboratory findings included lymphopenia, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hyponatraemia, raised urea and creatinine concentrations, abnormal liver function, hypophosphataemia, hypoalbuminaemia, proteinuria, and haematuria. Thirteen patients died (16%), including nine of 20 who received assisted ventilation. The mortality rate in patients treated with erythromycin (11%) was lower than in those who received other antibiotics (23%), but this difference was not statistically significant. Of the features noted on admission, only a high plasma urea concentration was significantly associated with death. Sporadic community acquired legionnaires' disease is a not uncommon disorder, which with appropriate treatment has a prognosis similar to that of other forms of community acquired pneumonia.
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PMID:Legionnaires' disease: a review of 79 community acquired cases in Nottingham. 378 45

The clinical and hematologic variables of 10 ponies with experimentally induced equine ehrlichial colitis (EEC; syn: Potomac horse fever) were studied for a 30-day period (6 ponies) or until death (4 ponies). The earliest clinical sign indicative of EEC was fever (rectal temperature exceeding 39 C). All ponies became depressed (CNS) at various times during the disease, and 90% of the ponies developed diarrhea between 9 and 15 days after infection was induced. The most significant hematologic change was an increase in plasma protein concentration after the onset of fever (P less than 0.05). The PCV in all ponies became increased above base line during the diarrheic phase of EEC. Forty percent of the ponies developed anemia (PCV less than or equal to 23%) during the study. White blood cell counts were highly variable, with 80% of the ponies developing leukopenia (WBC less than 5,000/microliters) during the illness and 60% of the ponies developing leukocytosis (WBC greater than 14,000/microliters) after leukopenia was observed. Differential WBC changes varied widely and included neutropenia with a left shift, lymphopenia, and eosinopenia. Serial thrombocyte counts, which were done for only 1 pony, identified the development of marked thrombocytopenia. Some hematologic changes in ponies with EEC were similar to those reported in canine monocytic and equine granulocytic ehrlichioses. These data are discussed in the context of the pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of EEC.
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PMID:Clinical and hematologic variables in ponies with experimentally induced equine ehrlichial colitis (Potomac horse fever). 382 43

Report of a now 2 8/12-year-old girl, who presented at the age of 8 months with chronic progressive pneumonia, mucocutaneous candidiasis, diarrhea, failure to thrive and a non-progressive paraplegia. The child's mother presented AIDS with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and progressive general paralysis one year after the beginning of the child's disease and died within a few months. Additional findings in the child include lymphopenia, hyperimmunoglobulinemia, cutaneous anergy and an abnormal T helper/T suppressor cell ratio. HTLV-III antibodies were positive (ELISA and Western blot virus strip RIA). Prophylactic treatment with Co-trimoxazole relieved pulmonary infections but failure to thrive remained unchanged in spite of a continuous nutritional support. A vertical mode of transmission of AIDS from mother to child seems very probable.
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PMID:[Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a child of Swiss origin whose mother died from AIDS]. 387 45

The subacute toxic effects of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA; given orally) were characterized in the dog (CPA was purified from cultures of Aspergillus flavus). Four groups of dogs were given CPA in gelatin capsules for 90 days at the following dosage levels: 0.05, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg of body weight; a 5th group was used as controls. All dogs administered the 0.5 and 1.0 mg of CPA/kg dosages and 1 dog given the 0.25 mg of CPA/kg dosage died or were humanely killed before the scheduled termination of the study. Clinical signs of intoxication appeared 2 to 44 days after dosing was started and consisted of anorexia and, in 1 to 2 days, vomiting, diarrhea, pyrexia, dehydration, weight loss, and CNS depression. Grossly, the entire alimentary tract had diffuse hyperemia with focal areas of hemorrhage and ulceration. Other lesions were renal infarcts, necrotizing epididymitis, and ulcerative dermatitis. Microscopic lesions included ulceration, necrosis, vasculitis, lymphoid necrosis, karyomegaly in several organs, and decreased mitotic activity in intestinal crypt epithelium. Ulcerative and necrotic lesions were usually associated with vascular lesions. Clinical pathologic changes were leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, monocytosis, and increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity.
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PMID:Cyclopiazonic acid mycotoxicosis in the dog. 392 55

Three cases of small bowel lymphoma in young homosexual men are presented. All three had acquired immune deficiency syndrome as demonstrated by demography, sexual history, cachexia, opportunistic infections by Cytomegalovirus, Pneumocystis carinii, atypical Mycobacterium, Candida, and/or evidence of immune deficiency, such as skin test anergy, lymphopenia, inversion of T-helper/T-suppressor ratio, and diminished lymphocyte response to either phytohemmaglutinin or pokeweed mitogen. All had peripheral and/or abdominal lymphadenopathy, and gastrointestinal symptoms, e.g., diarrhea, spasms, constipation, and oral candidiasis. The diagnosis of lymphoma was made at laparotomy in all cases. All three had complete removal of localized tumor (stage Ie or IIe), yet died within 6 months of surgery and/or chemotherapy. Thus gastrointestinal complaints may not always be related to "gay bowel" syndrome, or other infectious diseases in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Small intestinal lymphoma should be added to the list of neoplasms to which this group is susceptible.
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PMID:Small intestinal lymphoma in three patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 396 49

Rabbits were intravenously inoculated with an attenuated rinderpest virus (L strain), and general patterns of the disease were investigated. The rabbits developed fever with concomitant occurrence of diarrhea and lymphopenia. Early production of interferon was followed by a rise of neutralizing antibody. Histological examinations revealed an involvement of all of the lymphoid tissues, with primary lesions consisting of necrosis of the lymphoid follicles and formation of giant cells. Immunofluorescent examinations suggested that the virus growth was present in almost all of the lymphoid tissues. The possibility of application of this experimental system for the study of systemic infection by measles virus was discussed.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of rinderpest virus infection in rabbits. I. Clinical signs, immune response, histological changes, and virus growth patterns. 459 39

A 36-year-old man had chronic, debilitating diarrhea due to cryptosporidiosis. This patient had longstanding common variable hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent bacterial infections. Immunologic evaluation after discovery of Cryptosporidium showed lymphopenia with persistently reduced numbers of helper/inducer cells (OKT-4), variable numbers of suppressor/cytotoxic cells (OKT-8), OKT-4/OKT-8 ratio of 0.09, and increased levels of serum alpha-interferon, all of which describe the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Oocysts of Cryptosporidium were found in feces from the patient's cat, thus identifying a possible source of his infection. The patient had disseminated candidiasis, cytomegalovirus pneumonia, and cryptosporidiosis when he died.
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PMID:Cryptosporidiosis in a patient with hemophilia, common variable hypogammaglobulinemia, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 622 62

An infant who received multiple blood transfusions in the neonatal intensive care unit developed a transfusion-associated CMV infection at age 11 weeks and thereafter was noted to have hepatosplenomegaly, mitogen hyporesponsiveness, persistent viruria, an abnormal distribution of T-lymphocyte subpopulations, and poor growth. He has had recurrent opportunistic infections, including Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Six donors of blood products received by this infant were investigated; one was found to have chronic lymphadenopathy, weight loss, intermittent diarrhea, lymphopenia, and a profound depression of lymphocytes with a helper/inducer surface phenotype (T4 positive). Family members have an abnormal distribution of T cell subpopulations similar to those reported in asymptomatic homosexuals. The course of disease in our patient suggests that acquired immune deficiency syndrome may be transmitted to young infants via blood products.
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PMID:Transfusion-associated cytomegalovirus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome in an infant. 631 5


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