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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Colostrum deprived calves were experimentally infected with an adenovirus isolated from sheep and related to bovine adenovirus type 2. The calves showed respiratory symptoms and mild diarrhoea from the third day after infection. Laboratory tests revealed the development of leucopenia, lymphopenia, a drop of the pH of the urine and the appearance of pathological changes in the urine. The animals shed the virus in their nasal discharge, faeces and urine. Comparing the clinical and virological findings with the previous experimental infection of lambs it is concluded, that this type of adenovirus is similarly pathogenic for the two ruminant species.
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PMID:Experimental infection of calves with an adenovirus isolated from sheep and related to bovine Adenovirus type 2 I. Clinical and virological studies. 19 2

Early diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease is difficult because other pathogens cause a similar clinical picture and microbiologic tests are usually only of retrospective value. Since May 1977, 17 patients with sporadic cases of Legionnaires' disease have been admitted, all previously well, the diagnosis being made with standard serologic or bacteriologic criteria. From the clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings, we propose criteria that may enable the clinician to make a diagnosis earlier in many cases, differentiating them from other pneumonias. Within 24 hours of admission, any three of the following four features are strongly suggestive of Legionnaires' disease: [1] prodromal "viral" illness, [2] dry cough or confusion or diarrhoea, [3] lymphopenia without marked neutrophilia, [4] hyponatremia. Two thirds of cases had at least three of these features, and no false-positive diagnoses would have been made in other pneumonias that were serologically negative for Legionnaires' disease if these proposed criteria had been applied diagnostically. In the next few days the diagnosis is very likely if microbiologic tests are negative and if there is radiologic extension, abnormal liver function test results, or hypoalbuminemia.
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PMID:Early clinical differentiation between Legionnaires' disease and other sporadic pneumonias. 43 29

A six-year old boy who had suffered from the age of two with chronic diarrhea has been found to be severely retarded in statural growth. Examinations discovered marked lymphopenia with a T lymphocyte defect accompanied by absent IgA and IgE. In contrast with other cases described in literature, in this case the immunodeficiency was not accompanied by bone or cartilage alterations. The only factor apparently responsible for his lack of growth was the malabsorption.
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PMID:Harmonic dwarfism, lymphopenia, deficit of IgA and IgE in a 6-year old boy. 61 Apr 13

The clinical and laboratory features of 18 adult pellagrins are reviewed. Only four patients (22%) had the full trial of dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia. Dermatitis alone occurred in six(33%), dementia in five(28%) and dermatitis and diarrhea in three(17%). In one patient, dermentia was the initial sign of a relapse. Steatorrhea was found in six patients and was usually associated with marked alopecia. Edema without evidence of cardiac failure was present in seven patients. A diffuse increase in slow wave activity on the electroencephalogram was characteristic in patients with dementia. Fever occurred in 14 patients, and an infection was documented in 10 of these. Common laboratory abnormalities included a normochromic, normocytic anemia, lymphopenia, eosinopenia hyperuricemia, and low serum levels of albumin, urea, cholesterol, carotene, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Adrenal and thyroid function were normal, but a low serum T4, high serum free T4, and an elevated T3 resin uptake were frequently observed. These abnormalities were corrected with treatment of the underlying nutritional disorder. In two patients initially treated with thiamine alone, and in one who received inadequate amounts of niacin and protein, there was marked deterioration of mental function, which responded to administration of niacin and proper diet.
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PMID:Pellagra: an analysis of 18 patients and a review of the literature. 86 2

Intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL) may vary widely in its manifestations and severity. Fifteen children seen between 1960 and 1974 with histologically proven IL are analyzed by clinical, laboratory, radiologic, and histologic criteria. Remissions occurred in most patients and none died. Exacerbations occurred in five children. Diarrhea was present in 14 patients and in 13 appeared before the age of 3 years. Vomiting occurred in nine patients and growth retardation in seven. Four children had associated peripheral lymphedema and two of these had a family history of lymphedema, both had affected fathers and one had affected siblings and paternal cousins. Seven had hypoproteinemic edema, and of these, four suffered from hypocalcemic seizures. Chylous effusions were present in five. Hypoproteinemia was present in 12 although five had no hypoalbuminemic edema. Six had lymphopenia which was related to the severity of the disease and was the last abnormality to disappear after clinical remission. Lymphopenia may first appear years after the protein loss begins. Upper gastrointestinal tract series were performed in 13 children and had diagnostic supportive value in seven. Six children had two or more small-intestinal biopsies done. They all showed great variation from one examination to the other, ranging from a normal appearance to severe changes. Lymphatic block may occur at different sites-in the lamina propria only, generalized (lamina propria, submucosa, serosa, and mesentery), or conversely in the mesentery alone with minimal changes in the lamina propria. In three patients intravenous hyperalimentation was necessary. Specific treatment with a high-protein, low-fat diet with added medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) is valuable. Surgical resection was of benefit in one patient, and anastomosis of mesenteric to para-aortic lymph nodes in another.
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PMID:Intestinal lymphagiectasia: a reappraisal. 113 84

An infant with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism was found to have no evidence of thymus by radiologic examinations, including pneumomediastinum. Immunoglobulin concentrations were normal but there was clear evidence of inadequate cellular immunity including gradually developing lymphopenia. The infant suffered recurrent diarrhea and pneumonia, chronic rhinorrhea and moniliasis. At age 7 months fetal thymic tissue was implanted in the rectus abdominis muscle. There was immediate increase in lymphocyte counts which have remained normal on most determinations. Other aspects of immunologic function were restored and remain intact. The child, now 6 years of age, although mentally retarded, has no unusual infections. Immunologic reconstitution was thus achieved by transplant of fetal thymus.
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PMID:Immunologic reconstitution in the DiGeorge syndrome by fetal thymic transplant. 114 86

A noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), BVDV-890, isolated from a yearling heifer that died with extensive internal hemorrhages, was compared for virulence in calves with noncytopathic BVDV-TGAN, isolated from an apparently healthy persistently infected calf. After challenge exposure with BVDV-890, nonimmune calves (n = 7) developed fever > 40 C, diarrhea, leukopenia, lymphopenia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. Most calves (n = 6) died or were euthanatized by 19 days after challenge exposure. Challenge exposure with BVDV-890 did not induce disease in 2 calves that had congenital persistent infection with BVDV or in 3 calves that had neutralizing antibody titer > 4 against BVDV-890. After challenge exposure with BVDV-TGAN, nonimmune calves (n = 7) developed fever > 40 C and, rarely, diarrhea or lymphopenia. All of those calves survived challenge exposure. The average maximal titer of BVDV-890 isolated from serum was 1,000 times that of BVDV-TGAN. In calves infected with BVDV-890, the average maximal percentages of lymphocytes and platelets associated with virus were greater than those found in calves infected with BVDV-TGAN. Additional findings of epidemiologic significance were prolonged shedding of virus and delayed production of viral-neutralizing antibody in 1 calf challenge-exposed with BVDV-890. Also, after production of neutralizing antibody, mutant virus that was refractory to neutralization was isolated from calves challenge-exposed with BVDV-TGAN.
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PMID:Differences in virulence between two noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea viruses in calves. 133 41

The historical and clinical features and the haematological and biochemical changes in 126 cats with hyperthyroidism are described; 125 of the cats were domestic short- or longhaired, and one was a chinchilla. There were 62 males and 64 females with a mean age of 13.0 years. The duration of signs ranged from two days to two years with a mean of 5.4 months. The historical and clinical features were weight loss, polyphagia, polyuria/polydipsia, tachycardia, hyperactivity, diarrhoea, respiratory abnormalities, other cardiac abnormalities, skin lesions, vomiting, moderately raised temperature, decreased activity, decreased appetite, congestive cardiac failure, haematuria and intermittently decreased appetite. Goitre was palpable in 123 cats. The serum total thyroxine concentrations of the cats were more than three standard deviations above the mean of the reference range. Serum total tri-iodothyronine concentrations ranged from 0.78 to 14.96 nmol/litre and were within the reference range in 11 of the cats. Mild hyperthyroidism was a much commoner cause of high normal or marginally above normal thyroid hormone concentrations than severe, concurrent, non-thyroidal illness. Other common biochemical changes were increased of serum alanine aminotransferase, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. There were minimal changes in the red cell parameters. Leucocyte changes showed two trends: a mature neutrophilia, either with or without an accompanying leucocytosis often in association with a lymphopenia, or an eosinophilia, either with or without a lymphocytosis.
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PMID:Historical, clinical and laboratory features of 126 hyperthyroid cats. 141 11

A clinical AIDS case definition is needed for surveillance in countries where the CDC case definition is not practical. To derive such a definition, we compared 110 HIV-seropositive and 135 randomly selected HIV-seronegative adult medical-ward inpatients in Brazil. Multivariate analysis of clinical signs and symptoms and simple diagnoses resulted in a discriminant function with sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 96% in predicting for AIDS. These data were the empirical basis for a clinical definition of AIDS in adults drafted in a Caracas, Venezuela, workshop sponsored by the Pan American Health Organization. The revised "Caracas" definition presented here requires a positive HIV serology, the absence of cancer or other cause of immunosuppression, plus > or = 10 cumulative points, as follows: Kaposi's sarcoma (10 points); extrapulmonary/noncavitary pulmonary tuberculosis (10); oral candidiasis or hairy leukoplakia (5); cavitary pulmonary/unspecified tuberculosis (5); herpes zoster < 60 years of age (5); CNS dysfunction (5); diarrhea > or = 1 month (2); fever > or = 1 month (2); cachexia or > 10% weight loss (2); asthenia > or = 1 month (2); persistent dermatitis (2); anemia, lymphopenia, or thrombocytopenia (2); persistent cough or any pneumonia except TB (2); and lymphadenopathy > or = 1 cm at > or = 2 noninguinal sites for > or = 1 month (2). This definition has a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 100% (91% without HIV serology) when applied to the Brazilian patients in this study. The Caracas definition has been adopted by Brazil, Honduras, and Surinam, and is in validation elsewhere. The use of a reasonably sensitive and specific case definition commensurate with available diagnostic resources should facilitate AIDS surveillance in developing countries.
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PMID:A simplified surveillance case definition of AIDS derived from empirical clinical data. The Clinical AIDS Study Group, and the Working Group on AIDS case definition. 145 32

A variant of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVSMM/PBj), isolated from a chronically infected pig-tailed macaque has been shown in previous studies to produce acutely fatal disease uniformly in pig-tailed macaques and in some rhesus macaques. The present study extends investigation of SIVSMM/PBj pathogenesis in rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys. Cynomolgus and rhesus macaques were found to be uniformly susceptible to infection, but as previously reported, the rhesus were found to not be uniform in their response during the acute disease. Homogenized tissues from a rhesus that died acutely from SIVSMM/PBj were passaged to 6 rhesus monkeys in an attempt to increase lethality. Five of 6 rhesus monkeys receiving intravenous inoculation of either spleen (10(3) TCID50) or lymph node (10(5) TCID50) homogenate developed acute disease; 4 died (days 8-10), 1 recovered, and one rhesus remained asymptomatic. Three of 3 cynomolgus macaques and 4 of 4 pig-tailed macaques receiving the same inoculum died acutely within 9 days. Clinical disease in macaques that died was characterized by diffuse lymphadenopathy within 5 days of inoculation and severe diarrhea beginning 1 to 3 days before death. Anorexia, lymphopenia (< 1000 cells/mm3), and mild hypoalbuminemia preceded onset of diarrhea by 24 h. Viral p27 was detected in circulation by day 6 postinfection, with all animals dying acutely having detectable serum p27 and no detectable humoral response. Acute lethality was attributed to severe metabolic acidosis (pH < 7.20) which was observed 24-48 h prior to death in the pig-tailed and cynomolgus macaques. Immunohistochemistry revealed numerous SIV antigen-positive lymphocytes and macrophages in the lymph nodes, spleen, gut-associated lymphoid tissues and gastrointestinal lamina propria. Histopathologic lesions included marked to severe hyperplasia of the T-cell-dependent areas in lymphoid tissues and diffuse nonulcerative lymphohistiocytic gastroenteritis. Surviving rhesus developed strong humoral immune responses to the major SIV proteins.
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PMID:Infection of rhesus and cynomolgus macaques with a rapidly fatal SIV (SIVSMM/PBj) isolate from sooty mangabeys. 145 9


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