Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical and laboratory data on severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), particularly on the temporal progression of abnormal laboratory findings, are limited. We conducted a prospective study on the clinical, radiologic, and hematologic findings of SARS patients with pneumonia, who were admitted to National Taiwan University Hospital from March 8 to June 15, 2003. Fever was the most frequent initial symptom, followed by cough, myalgia, dyspnea, and diarrhea. Twenty-four patients had various underlying diseases. Most patients had elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and lymphopenia. Other common abnormal laboratory findings included leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated levels of aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase. These clinical and laboratory findings were exacerbated in most patients during the second week of disease. The overall case-fatality rate was 19.7%. By multivariate analysis, underlying disease and initial CRP level were predictive of death.
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PMID:Clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and treatment outcomes of SARS patients. 1520 Aug 14

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly emerged infectious disease with a significant morbidity and mortality. The major clinical features include persistent fever, chills/rigor, myalgia, malaise, dry cough, headache, and dyspnoea. Older subjects may present without the typical febrile response. Common laboratory features include lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, raised alanine transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase. The constellation of compatible clinical and laboratory findings, together with certain characteristic radiological features and lack of clinical response to broad spectrum antibiotics, should arouse suspicion of SARS. Measurement of serum RNA by real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction technique has a detection rate of 75%-80% in the first week of the illness.
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PMID:Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): epidemiology and clinical features. 1525

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a serious respiratory illness caused by a novel human coronavirus. The disease is highly infectious and carries significant mortality and morbidity. There was a major outbreak of SARS in Guangdong, Taiwan, Beijing, Hong Kong and Toronto between March and June 2003. Common presenting features of SARS are high fever, chills, rigor, malaise, nonproductive cough, lymphopenia and pulmonary infiltrates, followed by rapidly progressive respiratory failure in some cases. We describe two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who presented with fever, systemic upset and pulmonary infiltrates between April and June, 2003. One patient was confirmed to have coronavirus pneumonia while the other had active SLE with lung involvement. Our cases illustrate the difficult diagnostic dilemma in the evaluation of febrile SLE patients during the SARS epidemic.
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PMID:Lupus pneumonitis or severe acute respiratory syndrome? 1535 29

To differentiate severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) from non-SARS illness, we retrospectively compared 53 patients with probable SARS and 31 patients with non-SARS who were admitted to Mackay Memorial Hospital from April 27 to June 16, 2003. Fever (> 38 degrees C) was the earliest symptom (50/53 SARS vs. 5/31 non-SARS, p < 0.0001), preceding cough by a mean of 4.5 days. The initial chest X-ray study was normal in 22/53 SARS cases versus 5/31 non-SARS cases. SARS patients with an initially normal chest X-ray study developed infiltrates at a mean of 5 +/- 3.44 days after onset of fever (21/22 SARS vs. 0/5 non-SARS). Rapid radiographic progression of unifocal involvement to multifocal infiltrates was seen in 22 of 24 SARS vs. 0 of 26 non-SARS patients (p < 0.0001). Pleural effusion was not present in any SARS patients but was seen in 6 of 26 non-SARS cases (p < 0.0001). Initial lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase were all more common in SARS than non-SARS (p < 0.0001). They may help differentiate SARS from non-SARS if a reliable and rapid diagnostic test is not available.
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PMID:Comparative study of patients with and without SARS who fulfilled the WHO SARS case definition. 1583 19

An 8-year-old, male domestic shorthair cat was referred to the Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania with a 3-day history of lethargy, inappetance, hyperemic skin nodules, coughing, and vomiting. Laboratory results included nonregenerative anemia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, hyponatremia, and increased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities. Cytology of the skin nodules revealed many spindle- to crescent-shaped protozoal organisms, with morphology consistent with Toxoplasma gondii or Neospora caninum. Gross necropsy, histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and transmission electron microscopic findings confirmed a systemic protozoal infection; however, the organism exhibited characteristics of both N caninum and T gondii. Diagnosis of a T gondii-like infection was based on internal structures of the organism and positive reaction to rabbit polyclonal antibodies to T gondii. Reports of toxoplasmic dermatitis are rare in the cat and dog, and this is the first reported diagnosis of T gondii-like protozoa in skin aspirates.
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PMID:Toxoplasma gondii-like organisms in skin aspirates from a cat with disseminated protozoal infection. 1590 69

The pathogenesis of a new isolate of canine distemper virus (CDV), strain 007Lm, was investigated from lymph node tissue by using Vero cells that express canine signalling lymphocyte activation molecules with a tag (Vero-DST) in dogs. Two CDV sero-negative Beagle dogs were inoculated intranasally and intraconjunctively with a virus suspension. Both infected dogs showed clinical signs of severe bloody diarrhea, conjunctivitis, ocular discharge, nasal discharge and coughing, lymphopenia, fever and weight loss. Titers of CDV-IgM and CDV-IgG in the blood were measured. CDV was detected by using reverse transcriptase-PCR and was recovered in swabs from one dog from 9 days and from the other dogs from 10 days after inoculation. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of H and P genes showed that nucleotide and amino acid sequences of these genes of strain 007Lm after isolation in Vero-DST cells are identical to those of the original virus from fresh tissue and that strain 007Lm joins to the Asia 2 group cluster of CDV strains that is distinct from other clusters. These results indicate that (1) CDV strain 007Lm isolated in Vero-DST cells is virulent, (2) nucleotide and amino acid sequences of H and P genes of strain 007Lm do not change after isolation in Vero-DST cells compared with the original virus from fresh tissue and (3) strain 007Lm isolated from a vaccinated dog belongs to a cluster far from the vaccine strains in the phylogenetic trees of H and P genes.
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PMID:Pathogenesis and phylogenetic analyses of canine distemper virus strain 007Lm, a new isolate in dogs. 1614 49

We retrospectively reviewed 34 consecutive patients with serologically confirmed leptospirosis admitted during years 1992-2002. Nine patients (26.5%) had respiratory symptoms on admission including cough (n = 4), shortness of breath (n = 4), cyanosis (n = 2), and hemoptysis (n = 1). Six patients had pulmonary radiographic findings including (1) diffuse, ill-defined, ground-glass density (n = 3); (2) diffuse alveolar opacities (n = 2); and (3) small nodular density (n = 1). Male/female ratio was 8/1 and mean age was 47 years. Seven patients reported their exposure source including hunting (n = 2), fishing (n = 2), fresh water swimming (n = 2), and canoeing (n = 1). All patients had fever (mean = 40.1 degrees C). Other common symptoms were headache (n = 4), vomiting (n = 3), and myalgia (n = 3). Biological abnormalities included elevated liver enzymes (n = 8), proteinuria (n = 7), lymphopenia (n = 6), hematuria (n = 5), renal failure (n = 4), anemia (n = 4), and elevated neutrophil count (n = 4). PaO(2 )was measured for 3 patients while they were breathing room air (32, 55, and 66 mmHg). Suspected diagnosis on admission included leptospirosis (n = 2), bacterial pneumonia (n = 2), intoxication, influenza, viral hepatitis, biliary tract lithiasis, and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (one patient each). The first serologic testing for leptospirosis was positive for 5 patients (55%). Serovar was presumptively identified for 7 patients: Australis (n = 3), Grippotyphosa (n = 2), and Icterohaemorrhagiae (n = 2). Seven patients were treated with penicillin; two patients received no antibiotics. All patients were cured. In conclusion, patients with leptospirosis may present predominantly with nonspecific pulmonary symptoms. In these patients, leptospirosis must be suspected when there is a potential exposure to rats, especially in case of high-grade fever, myalgia, hepatitis, and renal abnormalities.
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PMID:Respiratory manifestations of leptospirosis: a retrospective study. 1621 64

The clinical presentation of SARS is nonspecific and diagnostic tests do not provide accurate results early in the disease course. Initial diagnosis remains reliant on clinical assessment. To identify features of the clinical assessment that are useful in SARS diagnosis, the exposure status and the prevalence and timing of symptoms, signs, laboratory and radiographic findings were determined for all adult patients admitted with suspected SARS during the Toronto SARS outbreak. Findings were compared between patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS and those in whom SARS was excluded by laboratory or public health investigation. Of 364 cases, 273 (75%) had confirmed SARS, 30 (8%) were excluded, and 61 (17%) remained indeterminate. Among confirmed cases, exposure occurred in the healthcare environment (80%) or in the households of affected patients (17%); community or travel-related cases were rare (<3%). Fever occurred in 97% of patients by the time of admission. Respiratory findings including cough, dyspnea and pulmonary infiltrates evolved later and were present in only 59, 37 and 68% of patients, respectively, at admission. Direct exposure, fever on the first day of illness, and elevated temperature, pulmonary infiltrates, lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia at admission were associated with confirmed cases. Rhinorrhea, sore throat, and an elevated neutrophil count at admission were associated with excluded cases. In the absence of fever or significant exposure, SARS is unlikely. Other clinical, laboratory and radiographic findings further raise or lower the likelihood of SARS and provide a rational basis for estimating the likelihood of SARS and directing initial management.
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PMID:Early diagnosis of SARS: lessons from the Toronto SARS outbreak. 1658 72

A swine influenza virus (H(1)N(1)) was isolated for the first time in Ontario from pigs one week to one and one-half years old during an epizootic which occurred between January and May 1981. Each herd outbreak was characterized by the sudden onset of marked respiratory distress, usually affecting the entire herd, accompanied by paroxysmal coughing, anorexia, prostration and temperatures as high as 41.5 degrees C and lasting for five to seven days. Morbidity was nearly 100%; mortality was less than 1%.Hematology, bacteriology and postmortem studies were conducted on 18 pigs from 11 farms. A lymphopenia and acute hematological inflammatory cellular responses characterized by neutrophilia with a left shift, hyperfibrinogenemia and a decreased plasma protein: fibrinogen ratio were found in 50% of the pigs. The cranial lobes of the lung were collapsed and red due to a bilateral cranioventral pneumonia which affected the cranial, middle, accessory and cranioventral aspects of the caudal lobes. Histologically, there was a necrotizing bronchitis and bronchiolitis with a neutrophilic cellular exudate. Pasteurella multocida was the species of bacterium most frequently isolated from the lung; however, mixed cultures of P. multocida frequently combined with Corynebacterium pyogenes and other species were usually identified in the lung and other organs of pigs submitted dead.
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PMID:An epizootic of Swine influenza in ontario. 1742 66

Detection of persistent infection with BovineViral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) is essential for both epidemiological and clinical reasons. In addition to the classical virological methods such as virus isolation in tissue culture, ELISA and RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry of skin biopsies has become a useful and reliable tool. Assuming that the presence of BVDV antigen in skin structures is restricted to persistent infection, this method could differentiate from transient infection. In order to answer this question, 6 calves were experimentally infected orally with a non-cytopathic genotype 1 BVDV strain belonging to the subtype k.The calves developed fever, mucopurulent nasal discharge, coughing and leucopenia with relative lymphopenia. Immunohistochemistry of skin biopsies taken daily up to day 13-post infection did not reveal any evidence of BVDV infection. BVDV was, however, isolated from blood samples on cell cultures. Anti-NS3-antibody-ELISA and serum neutralization tests showed that all six calves seroconverted. We conclude that in acute BVDV infections, with genotype 1 and the subtypes found in Switzerland (b, e, h and k) viral antigen is not found in epidermal structures of the skin. In contrast, persistently infected animals test positive for BVD viral antigen by immunohistochemistry of the skin.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical diagnosis of persistent infection with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) on skin biopsies. 1780 13


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