Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

For phase II studies in patients with solid tumors, the National Cancer Institute recommended that the starting dose of fludarabine phosphate be 20 mg/m2/day as a short intravenous infusion for 5 days every 21 days. Twenty-one patients with untreated, advanced, measurable colorectal carcinoma received fludarabine phosphate as a 30-minute infusion at a median dose of 25 mg/m2/day (range 15-35 mg/m2/day) for 5 consecutive days repeated every three weeks. Antitumor response was evaluated following two courses of therapy. No patient achieved complete or partial response. Minor regression of lung metastases occurred for less than 12 weeks in one patient. Therapy was generally well tolerated. Frequent toxicities included lymphopenia, mild nausea and vomiting, mucositis, and anorexia. One patient died of sepsis, bleeding, and progressive disease while she was severely myelosuppressed. Neurotoxicity was not observed in any patient. Fludarabine phosphate at this schedule and dose range is inactive against colorectal carcinoma.
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PMID:Phase II study of fludarabine phosphate in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. 245 66

The medical records of 59 dogs with renal amyloidosis were reviewed. Most dogs with amyloidosis were greater than 6 years old, and females were affected more often than males. Beagles, Collies, and Walker Hounds were at increased risk, whereas German Shepherd Dogs and mixed-breed dogs were at decreased risk. Common historical findings were anorexia, polyuria, polydipsia, lethargy, vomiting, and weight loss. Common laboratory findings were leukocytosis, lymphopenia, nonregenerative anemia, hypercholesterolemia, azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, metabolic acidosis, isosthenuria, cylindruria, and proteinuria. Proteinuria was moderate to severe in most dogs, as assessed by qualitative determination of urine protein concentration, urine protein/urine creatinine ratio, and 24-hour urine protein excretion. Conservative medical management was of little value, and survival ranged from 3 to 20 months in 12 dogs for which this information was available. Moderate to severe diffuse global glomerular amyloidosis was detected in all dogs. Medullary amyloid deposition was multifocal and less severe, but was evident in most dogs. Secondary tubulointerstitial and glomerular lesions were mild or absent in most dogs. Thromboembolism was identified in approximately 14% of affected dogs, underlying inflammatory disease in 37%, and neoplasia in 20%. Laboratory indicators of renal function correlated poorly with histologic lesions, with the exception of glomerular amyloid deposition and "chronic renal disease" index with endogenous creatinine clearance.
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PMID:Clinicopathologic findings in dogs with renal amyloidosis: 59 cases (1976-1986). 276 63

We evaluated the role of gallium nitrate infusion in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Gallium nitrate was administered at 300 mg/m2/day for 7 days every 3 weeks by continuous infusion concomitantly with oral calcium supplement of 500 mg twice daily and oral hydration. Fifteen patients with refractory metastatic breast cancer received such treatment for a total of 30 courses. Median age was 51, and median performance status (Zubrod scale) was 1. These patients had minimal prior chemotherapy (median 1 regimen). All patients were evaluable for toxicity and 14 for response. Nine patients had one to two metastatic sites, five patients had three to four sites. No major objective response was seen, but one patient had a minor response (10 weeks), and another showed no change in disease (16 weeks). Diverse low-grade toxicities were observed, including nausea and vomiting in 11 patients, anorexia in 11, diarrhea in eight, stomatitis in five, dysgeusia in six, musculoskeletal pain in five, skin rash in seven, partially reversible tinnitus and/or mild hearing loss in four and sensory neuropathy in two. A consistent drop in hemoglobin (median of 3.2 g/dL per patient) necessitated blood transfusion in seven patients. There was no granulocytopenia or thrombocytopenia; however, significant lymphopenia was noted. Reversible, moderate nephrotoxicity occurred in two patients. The hypocalcemic effect was consistent, with a median drop in serum calcium of 1.25 mg/dL per course. There was no hepatic toxicity. While no single toxicity was severe, overall toxicity adversely influenced treatment tolerance. Gallium nitrate by continuous infusion, as given in this study, has no activity in metastatic breast cancer.
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PMID:Phase II evaluation of gallium nitrate by continuous infusion in breast cancer. 279 77

Despite the recognition of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection as a common complication of AIDS, the specific clinical features, significance, and need for treatment have been difficult to assess. We reviewed the clinical records and autopsy material of 68 patients dying with AIDS, 32 (47 percent) of whom had MAC isolated from autopsy tissue. All had postmortem evidence of systemic infection. Eleven (34 percent) had MAC isolated from lung tissue. Little, if any, local tissue inflammation and destruction were associated with MAC infection. Patients with autopsy evidence of MAC infection had a longer time interval from diagnosis of AIDS to death. The infection was detected antemortem in 14 (44 percent), blood culture being the most sensitive means (86 percent yield). Although recurrent fever was noted among both MAC infected and uninfected patients, weight loss greater than 20 lb, weakness, anorexia, abdominal pain, and diarrhea were more frequent among infected patients. Severe anemia, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, and reduced mean CD-4 percentages and CD-4/CD-8 ratios were associated with MAC infection. Of eight patients who had MAC cultured antemortem and received multidrug antituberculosis therapy, none responded clinically, and all but one had MAC isolated at autopsy. Because MAC is associated with significant discomfort and disability, development of more effective treatment regimens could be beneficial for some affected AIDS patients.
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PMID:Mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A clinicopathologic study. 335 47

A 5-year-old intact male llama (Llama glama) with gastric squamous cell carcinoma and generalized metastasis is presented. Weight loss, anorexia and cachexia were the presenting clinical signs. Abnormal laboratory findings included neutrophilia, lymphopenia, increased serum activity of hepatic enzymes, mildly increased serum urea nitrogen concentration and elevated protein concentration and nucleated cell count in the peritoneal fluid. Fasciola hepatica ova were identified by fecal sedimentation examination. The presence of flukes, as well as carcinoma metastasis, probably contributed to the increased serum hepatic enzyme activity. Similarities to gastric squamous cell carcinoma in the equine and bovine species are discussed. This case suggests that neoplasia, although rarely reported in the llama, must be considered in the differential diagnostic list for anorexia and weight loss in the llama.
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PMID:Gastric squamous cell carcinoma and fascioliasis in a llama. 340 19

The historic, physical, laboratory, and histologic findings for 74 cats with chronic renal disease were reviewed. Most cats were older, and no breed or sex predilection was detected. This most common clinical signs detected by owners were lethargy, anorexia, and weight loss. Dehydration and emaciation were common physical examination findings. Common laboratory findings were nonregenerative anemia, lymphopenia, azotemia, hypercholesterolemia, metabolic acidosis, hyperphosphatemia, and isosthenuria. The most common morphologic diagnosis was chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis of unknown cause. The other pathologic diagnoses were renal lymphosarcoma, renal amyloidosis, chronic pyelonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis, polycystic renal disease, and pyogranulomatous nephritis secondary to feline infectious peritonitis.
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PMID:Clinicopathologic findings associated with chronic renal disease in cats: 74 cases (1973-1984). 358 99

The subacute toxic effects of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA; given orally) were characterized in the dog (CPA was purified from cultures of Aspergillus flavus). Four groups of dogs were given CPA in gelatin capsules for 90 days at the following dosage levels: 0.05, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg of body weight; a 5th group was used as controls. All dogs administered the 0.5 and 1.0 mg of CPA/kg dosages and 1 dog given the 0.25 mg of CPA/kg dosage died or were humanely killed before the scheduled termination of the study. Clinical signs of intoxication appeared 2 to 44 days after dosing was started and consisted of anorexia and, in 1 to 2 days, vomiting, diarrhea, pyrexia, dehydration, weight loss, and CNS depression. Grossly, the entire alimentary tract had diffuse hyperemia with focal areas of hemorrhage and ulceration. Other lesions were renal infarcts, necrotizing epididymitis, and ulcerative dermatitis. Microscopic lesions included ulceration, necrosis, vasculitis, lymphoid necrosis, karyomegaly in several organs, and decreased mitotic activity in intestinal crypt epithelium. Ulcerative and necrotic lesions were usually associated with vascular lesions. Clinical pathologic changes were leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, monocytosis, and increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity.
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PMID:Cyclopiazonic acid mycotoxicosis in the dog. 392 55

The effect of oral infection of puppies, eight and 10 weeks old, with canine parvovirus of faecal origin was studied. Clinical signs of enteric disease were first apparent at five days after inoculation and persisted during days 6 and 7 after inoculation. The severity of clinical signs varied from transient dullness and anorexia to emesis, dysentery and death. Changes in haematological parameters were first found at day 3 after inoculation when a relative lymphopenia was observed. A profound neutropenia developed in severely affected dogs after the appearance of clinical enteric disease. Post mortem examination revealed thymic atrophy in all dogs killed on day 4 after inoculation. Macroscopic changes in the small intestine were apparent only in animals examined during the phase of severe enteric disease and consisted of thickening, rigidity and congestion of the small intestines. Microscopically there was lymphocytolysis in the thymic cortex and the germinal centres of the lymph nodes from days 2 and 3 after inoculation respectively and this rapidly resulted in depletion of these tissues. There was repopulation of lymph nodes from day 7 after inoculation but significant thymic regeneration was not apparent during the course of this study. In the small intestine, necrosis of crypt epithelium, atrophy of villi and, in some areas, complete collapse of mucosal architecture were found but the extent of these changes varied along the length of the small intestine and between individuals. Regenerative intestinal changes were observed in those animals surviving the acute phase of enteric dysfunction. The variable severity of clinical and enteric lesions, together with the factors which may affect the expression of clinical disease, are discussed.
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PMID:Canine parvovirus enteritis 1: Clinical, haematological and pathological features of experimental infection. 609 17

The effects of recombinant DNA-produced leukocyte interferon (IFLrA) were studied in 37 patients with metastatic cancer who received sequentially escalating doses of 9-86 million units (MU) of IFLrA by im injection twice weekly. The IFLrA was absorbed rapidly and reached a peak serum concentration 6-8 hours after injection. Serum concentration of IFLrA increased proportionately with the dose. The most common side effects included fever, chills, asthenia, anorexia, and weight loss, and leukopenia, granulocytopenia, and lymphopenia occurred frequently. Elevation of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase was frequent above doses of 50 MU. All side effects were reversible by discontinuation of the drug. Antibodies to IFLrA were detected in 3 patients while on treatment. The presence of antibodies coincided with drastic reduction in serum IFLrA concentration and, in 1 patient, with relapse of disease. Objective tumor responses were documented in patients with lymphomas but not in other groups of patients.
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PMID:Clinical study of recombinant DNA-produced leukocyte interferon (clone A) in a intermittent schedule in cancer patients. 619 33

Twelve horses were divided into three groups and given various doses of a mixed species strongyle inoculum, representing light, moderate, and heavy infections. Three weeks after the larval inoculations, three animals from each group were given larvicidal doses of thiabendazole (TBZ) (440 mg kg-1 on two consecutive days); one animal from each group served as a non-medicated control. Treatment was repeated three weeks later. One treated animal from each group was designated for long-term study; others were necropsied to study adult and larval parasite loads. Six of the twelve animals with strongylosis developed moderate eosinophilia. TBZ given at 440 mg kg-1 on two consecutive days caused depression, lethargy, and anorexia which lasted for five days. Eosinopenia, lymphopenia, and neutrophilia occurred in treated animals, and lasted for three days. During the course of TBZ treatment, one horse died from what appeared to be a mis-dosing or an anaphylactic reaction. At necropsy, active thrombi of the anterior mesenteric artery were seen in parasitized animals, but not in those treated with TBZ. Five out of seven medicated horses were completely free of adult and larval strongyle parasites. One had a few Strongylus edentatus larvae and another had small strongyles. No Strongylus vulgaris larvae or adults were recovered from any horse treated with TBZ.
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PMID:The elimination of equine strongyles and hematological and pathological consequences following larvicidal doses of thiabendazole. 653 63


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