Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Major surgery impairs the cellular immune response. We have therefore studied the immunological effects of low-dose recombinant interleukin 2 given to patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer to determine whether this agent has potential in perioperative adjuvant immunotherapy. Patients were randomly allocated to control (n = 13) or treatment groups (n = 12). Immunological studies of both lymphocyte function and subset number were performed preoperatively and on Days 1, 4, 7, and 10. Treatment with recombinant interleukin 2 prevented the postoperative fall in both natural killer and lymphokine-activated killer cell cytotoxicity, clearly demonstrated in the control group. The treatment group also showed in vivo T-cell activation with an initial lymphopenia followed by a rebound lymphocytosis and upregulation of the subset markers CD25 (interleukin 2 receptor) and CD45RO (T-memory cells). These combined effects may have important consequences in controlling metastatic dissemination of tumor during the vulnerable perioperative period.
 ...
PMID:Perioperative immunotherapy with recombinant interleukin 2 in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. 139

Cells of MPS and lymphatic system in lymph nodes from eighteen patients with culture proven tuberculous lymphadenitis were examined by histological and immunohistochemical technics. Ten patients suffered from symptomatic HIV-infection and eight patients were immunocompetent individuals without HIV serology. Characteristic granulomas with or without caseation were observed in the eight immunocompetent and the four HIV-infected patients with less marked lymphopenia of CD4 positive peripheral blood lymphocytes. In lymph nodes from the other HIV-infected patients with more severe depression of CD4 positive peripheral blood lymphocyte count no epitheloid cell formation was present. Instead of these cells foamy macrophages were found. The phenotype of macrophages underwent progressive changes parallel to decreasing numbers of CD4 positive peripheral blood lymphocytes. Foamy macrophages in mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection may represent an end-stage phenotype. While many macrophages and lymphocytes expressed IL-2 receptors in cases with typical granulomas there was no such CD25 expression in cases without any epitheloid cell formation. Our results suggest that T-cell activation is necessary for epitheloid granuloma formation in human tuberculosis and preliminary in situ data support the assumption that in vivo the HIV-infection provokes an excess production of cytokines which in turn causes an exhaustion of the immune system and finally AIDS.
 ...
PMID:[Immunohistochemical characterization of HIV-and non HIV-associated lymph node tuberculosis]. 172 23

Alveolar and lower respiratory tract immunity in addition to systemic immunity in 31 patients with pleural plaques found on chest X-rays were evaluated. All cases had occupational histories of asbestos exposure, but ferruginous bodies in BAL fluid were only detected in 21 of 31 cases. The percentage of cell components in BAL fluid was evaluated according to the number of ferruginous bodies found in the BAL fluid. As the number of ferruginous bodies increased, neutrophils and T lymphocytes decreased, but B lymphocytes increased. Furthermore, CD25-positive cells were remarkably increased in patients with high exposure to asbestos. In addition, CD25-positive cells in the peripheral blood and serum soluble IL-2 receptors were elevated in the patients with high exposure to asbestos.
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of immunity based on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with pleural plaque in the chest X-ray]. 175 18

T-lymphocyte subsets from 27 severely burned patients and 32 controls were analysed using monoclonal antibody immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry. Compared to normal controls, burn patients showed a remarkable reduction in absolute number of CD3-lymphocytes in the 48 h following injury, which was accounted for by a decrease in both CD4 and CD8 subsets. Activated lymphocytes, as defined by expression of CD25, CD69 and CD71, were significantly increased in burned patients. Additionally, a moderate increase in lymphocytes bearing simultaneously CD4 and CD8 was observed in some burned patients. The expression of CD11c, CD49a and CD54, members of the integrin family of cell surface molecules, was shown to be increased on lymphocytes from thermally injured patients. We conclude that thermal injury produces a profound T-cell lymphopenia with features of extensive T-cell activation, and postulate that depletion of circulating T-cells could be related with the expression of surface adhesion molecules and cell redistribution from blood to the tissues.
 ...
PMID:Specific changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotype from burn patients. Probable origin of the thermal injury-related lymphocytopenia. 189 48

The phenotype of inflammatory cells in lymph nodes from 16 patients with culture-proven tuberculous lymphadenitis were examined by histological and immunohistochemical techniques. Eight patients were suffering from a symptomatic HIV1 infection and 8 patients were immunocompetent individuals without positive HIV1 serology. In addition, the lymph nodes of 2 AIDS patients with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection were examined using the same techniques. Characteristic granulomas with or without caseation were observed in the 8 immunocompetent and the 4 HIV1-infected patients with less marked lymphopenia of CD4+ peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). In lymph nodes from the other HIV1-infected patients with more severe depression of CD4+ PBL, no epithelioid cell formation was present; instead, foamy macrophages were found. The phenotype of the macrophages underwent progressive changes in parallel with the decreasing numbers of CD4+ PBL. Foamy macrophages in M. avium-intracellulare infection exhibited remarkable erythrophagocytotic activity and may represent an end-stage phenotype. They were positive for S100 protein and did not produce lysozyme or alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. They lost the antigen which was detected by monoclonal antibody Mac387 whereas positivity for HLA-DR, CD68 and KI-M8 was preserved. While many lymphocytes expressed CD25 (IL2 receptor) in cases with typical granulomas, there was no such CD25 expression in cases without epithelioid cell formation. Although granulomas have been produced in experimental animals independently of cell-mediated immune mechanisms, our results suggest that T-cell functions are necessary for epithelioid granuloma formation in human tuberculosis.
 ...
PMID:In situ immunophenotype of macrophages and lymphocytes in granuloma formation of tuberculous lymphadenitis in HIV-infected and immunocompetent patients. 189 41

A longitudinal study of patients undergoing rush hyposensitization by honey-bee or yellow jacket venom revealed significant changes of the immunophenotypes until the optimal dose was reached, and a progressive reversion to pre-treatment values in the following months. The activation markers CD23 on B cells and CD25 (IL-2 receptor) on T and B lymphocytes decreased. Although there was little variation of the major CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte populations, CD45R+ cells increased whilst CDw29+ lymphocytes diminished. This inverse variation was associated with a peak of CD4+ CD45R+ cells with concomitant decrease in CD4+ CDw29+ cells showing an inverse effect of the treatment on the reciprocal subsets of CD4 lymphocytes. This indicates a shift in the suppressor/inducer to helper/inducer cell ratio early during rush hyposensitization which may also suggest reversion into a less mature stage of CD4+ cells, associated with the transition from a highly allergen-reactive state to progressive unresponsiveness.
 ...
PMID:Concomitant augmentation of CD4+ CD45R+ suppressor/inducer subset and diminution of CD4+ CDw29+ helper/inducer subset during rush hyposensitization in hymenoptera venom allergy. 252 35

Activated killer cells, unrestricted by major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens circulate in the peripheral blood of patients who have undergone autologous and allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) and may contribute to the reduced risk of leukemic relapse observed after these procedures. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) in vitro augments this cytotoxicity and used therapeutically might thereby promote the eradication of minimal residual disease. In order to assess whether these effects on cytotoxicity can be reproduced in vivo, we studied changes in number, phenotype, and MHC unrestricted cytotoxicity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from patients with hematologic malignancy receiving IL-2 infusions. Patients with acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma were treated after cytotoxic chemotherapy or autologous BMT. IL-2 infusions produced an initial lymphopenia, followed by a progressive recovery in mononuclear cell numbers and a rebound lymphocytosis after the termination of treatment. This affected all lymphocyte subsets; in particular CD25 (IL-2 receptor) positive cell numbers rose sevenfold. Cells with the ability to kill a natural killer (NK)-resistant, lymphokine activated killer cell (LAK)-sensitive target appeared in the circulation during 16 of 19 infusions and mean LAK activity rose from 5.9% to 15.5% during infusion (E:T ratio, 50:1; P less than .001). During IL-2 infusion, cells present in the peripheral blood inhibited the growth of myeloid leukemia blasts in agar after overnight co-culture. Depletion experiments showed that LAK activity was mediated by cells of both CD3- CD16+ (NK derived) and CD3+ CD16- (T derived) subsets. LAK precursor activity in peripheral blood also significantly increased during IL-2 infusion. Increases in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) unrestricted cytotoxicity can be produced by IL-2 infusions in vivo and may result in improved relapse-free survival following chemotherapy or BMT.
 ...
PMID:Effects of recombinant interleukin-2 administration on cytotoxic function following high-dose chemo-radiotherapy for hematological malignancy. 280 69

Fas antigen (CD95) is a membrane-associated molecule that mediates apoptotic cell death and may play a role in the induction and maintenance of T cell tolerance. To elucidate the involvement of Fas antigen in human autoimmune diseases, we analysed Fas antigen expression by peripheral T cells from patients with SLE and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), using three-colour flow cytometry. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from SLE patients expressed Fas antigen in a higher density than did these cells from healthy donors and from RA patients. Enhancement of Fas antigen density was noted in Fas+CD45RO+ memory T cells from SLE patients. More remarkably, a significant expression of Fas antigen was observed in CD45RO- naive T cells from SLE patients. CD4+CD45RO- T cells from SLE patients co-expressed Fas antigen and early to intermediate activation antigens such as CD25 and CD71, and late activation antigen HLA-DR in only FashiCD4+ naive T cells. Such up-regulation of Fas antigen expression in SLE patients seems to be clinically meaningful, because mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of Fas antigen on CD4+ T cell subsets inversely correlates with the absolute size of CD4+ T cell subsets in peripheral blood of SLE patients. These results suggest that T cells with increased Fas antigen expression may be highly susceptible to apoptotic cell death, in vivo. A putative mechanism for lymphopenia in SLE patients is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Up-regulated expression of Fas antigen (CD95) by peripheral naive and memory T cell subsets in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): a possible mechanism for lymphopenia. 753 28

Preclinical studies have shown that anti-CD3 antibodies can enhance the in vitro activation of human T lymphocytes in combination with low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) and induce the in vivo rejection of murine tumors. A Phase IA/IB trial combining a murine monoclonal antibody, anti-CD3 antibody (OKT3), with low-dose continuous-infusion IL-2 was conducted in cancer patients to define the toxicity and immunologic effects of this combination. OKT3 administered weekly as a 15-min infusion at dose levels of 10, 100, 200, 400, and 600 micrograms/m2 was followed 18 h later by a 100-h infusion of IL-2 at 3 MIU/m2/day for 3 consecutive weeks. When feasible, patients also received the IL-2 course without OKT3 to assess the effects of OKT3 on the IL-2 regimen within the same patient. Thirty patients were enrolled onto the study, with 24 completing the OKT3/IL-2 course and 18 completing both OKT3/IL-2 and IL-2 alone courses. OKT3 administration was associated with acute hypotension with fevers of > 40 degrees C and in two patients cerebral vascular infarcts. At 600 micrograms/m2 OKT3, these toxicities were dose limiting. In a dose-dependent manner, OKT3 induced the transient release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-6 into the serum and a profound lymphopenia. OKT3 did not significantly enhance the toxicity of this schedule of IL-2 administration. All solid tumor patients treated at 100-600 micrograms/m2 OKT3 showed induction of a human anti-murine antibody response prior to the third week of treatment. A patient with renal cell cancer treated at the 600-micrograms/m2 OKT3 dose level experienced a 4-month partial remission, and two mixed responses were observed in a sarcoma and a melanoma patient treated at 100- and 400-micrograms/m2 OKT3 dose levels, respectively. Most importantly, we were unable to demonstrate that the addition of OKT3 enhanced immune activation within peripheral blood based upon the magnitude of rebound lymphocytosis, increase in CD56+ or CD3+, CD25+ lymphocytes, induction of natural killer, lymphokine activated killer, or cytolytic T lymphocyte cytotoxicity, or release of serum cytokines (TNF, IL-6) or soluble CD25 (as assayed 24 h following IL-2 infusion). Therefore, this approach was ineffective at enhancing the immunologic effects of a low-dose continuous-infusion IL-2 regimen and will not be pursued further in clinical trials.
 ...
PMID:A phase IA/IB trial of anti-CD3 murine monoclonal antibody plus low-dose continuous-infusion interleukin-2 in advanced cancer patients. 761 43

Inflammatory cells in lymph nodes of eighteen patients suffering from culture-proven tuberculous lymphadenitis were examined by histological and immunohistochemical techniques. Ten patients suffered from symptomatic HIV-infection and eight patients were immunocompetent individuals without HIV-1 serology. Characteristic granulomas with or without caseation were observed in eight immunocompetent and four HIV-1-infected patients with less marked lymphopenia of CD4 positive peripheral blood lymphocytes. No epitheloid cell formation was present in lymph nodes of HIV1-infected patients with more severe depression of CD4 positive peripheral blood lymphocyte count. Foamy macrophages were found instead of these cells. While many cells--predominantly lymphocytes--express CD25 (IL-2 receptor) in cases with typical epitheloid granulomas there is no such CD25 expression in cases without any epitheloid cell formation. This result suggest that T cell function is necessary for epitheloid granuloma formation in human tuberculosis. The phenotype of macrophages underwent progressive changes parallel to decreasing numbers of CD4 positive peripheral blood lymphocytes. Foamy macrophages in Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection represented an end-stage phenotype. They were positive for S100 protein and they did not express lysozyme, alpha-1-anti-chymotrypsin, L1 antigen (Mac387) and CD4, whereas positivity for HLA-DR, CD68 and Ki-M8 was preserved. In situ immunohistochemical demonstration of IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-6 revealed that foamy cells in M. tuberculosis infection were highly active effector cells. They contained higher concentrations of the examined cytokines than epitheloid cells in the lesions of HIV+ and HIV-patients. Corresponding to these findings the histological proof of acid-fast bacilli was generally not successful in typical HIV-associated tuberculosis. The foamy appearance may result from the lipid-rich cell membranes of destroyed acid-fast bacilli. In contrast acid-fast bacilli-packed foamy macrophages in AIDS patients with M. avium-intracellulare (MAI) infection did not produce any of the examined cytokines.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical analysis of cell composition and in situ cytokine expression in HIV- and non-HIV-associated tuberculous lymphadenitis. 771 49


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>