Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The numbers of cells bearing the T3 (pan-T cell), the T4 (putative helper/inducer cells), the T8 (putative suppressor/cytotoxic cells) and B cell phenotypic markers were counted in venous blood samples from 26 newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 29 healthy controls from East Java. The absolute T cell count was lower in the patients and T4 cells were fewer in patients (mean 748/mm3) than in controls (mean 1,043/mm3), but there were no significant differences in total T8 cell and B cell counts between patients and controls. The T4:T8 ratio was not disturbed in many patients, but it was less than 1.6 in 11 of 26 patients and in only three of 29 controls: this ratio was less than 1.2 (the lower limit of 'normal') in six patients but no controls. The intensity of the T4 lymphopenia was unrelated to the extent of the lesion seen radiologically or the size of the skin test reaction to PPD. Levels of interferon-alpha were not elevated in the serum of any of the patients or controls. It is suggested that the T4 lymphopenia was a reaction to the mycobacterial infection and not a manifestation of underlying secondary (acquired) immune deficiency.
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PMID:T4 lymphopenia in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. 387 15

Three cases of small bowel lymphoma in young homosexual men are presented. All three had acquired immune deficiency syndrome as demonstrated by demography, sexual history, cachexia, opportunistic infections by Cytomegalovirus, Pneumocystis carinii, atypical Mycobacterium, Candida, and/or evidence of immune deficiency, such as skin test anergy, lymphopenia, inversion of T-helper/T-suppressor ratio, and diminished lymphocyte response to either phytohemmaglutinin or pokeweed mitogen. All had peripheral and/or abdominal lymphadenopathy, and gastrointestinal symptoms, e.g., diarrhea, spasms, constipation, and oral candidiasis. The diagnosis of lymphoma was made at laparotomy in all cases. All three had complete removal of localized tumor (stage Ie or IIe), yet died within 6 months of surgery and/or chemotherapy. Thus gastrointestinal complaints may not always be related to "gay bowel" syndrome, or other infectious diseases in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Small intestinal lymphoma should be added to the list of neoplasms to which this group is susceptible.
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PMID:Small intestinal lymphoma in three patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 396 49

An 18-year follow-up of a young woman who presented at the age of 10 years with a malabsorption syndrome and recurrent chest infections is reported. The serum immunoglobulins, and in particular the IgA, were increased, cell-mediated immunity was impaired but free alpha heavy chains were not detected. A jejunal biopsy showed plasma cell infiltration of the bowel with villous atrophy. Bronchiectasis, recurrent skin infections, and sinusitis were treated with frequent courses of antibiotics and corticosteroids. An initial presumptive diagnosis of cystic fibrosis was excluded by a normal sweat test. Although difficult to classify her exact type of immune deficiency state, the data would appear to conform to the syndrome of cellular immunodeficiency with normal or near normal immunoglobulins and lymphopenia (Nezelof's syndrome).
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PMID:Plasma cell infiltration of the small intestine, recurrent pulmonary infections, and cellular immunodeficiency (Nezelof's syndrome). 405 Jul 63

The Centers for Disease Control conducted a case-control study to investigate an outbreak of Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men. The occurrence of these diseases was found to be associated with certain aspects of lifestyle, including a greater number of male sex partners per year, exposure to feces during sex, history of syphilis and non-B hepatitis, treatment for enteric parasites, and use of various illicit substances. Laboratory studies reflected both this lifestyle and the probable underlying cause of the Kaposi's sarcoma and P. carinii pneumonia--cellular immune deficiency. Patients were found to have lymphopenia, specifically a deficiency of the T-helper subpopulation, resulting in a reversal of the T-helper to T-suppressor ratio. Levels of IgG and IgA were increased. When compared with controls, patients were also found to have significantly higher titers of antibody to Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus, a higher prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A virus and Treponema pallidum, a lower prevalence of antibody to varicella zoster virus, and a higher frequency of isolation of cytomegalovirus.
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PMID:National case-control study of Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men: Part 2. Laboratory results. 630 49

Isospora belli is an uncommon cause of diarrhea in man. Like the closely related Cryptosporidium, the organism causes disease that may be more severe and chronic in patients with underlying immune deficiency states. We describe three male homosexuals with Isospora enteritis. Each had several months of diarrhea. All three patients had lymphopenia and two had profound T cell helper-suppressor ratio reversal. In addition, two of the patients admitted to oral-anal contact, a practice associated with the acquisition of parasites and other enteric pathogens in the homosexual population. We suggest that Isospora belli may be a sexually transmitted pathogen which should be considered in the diagnosis of homosexual patients with diarrhea.
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PMID:Isospora belli enteritis in three homosexual men. 650 24

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is often complicated by lymphopenia, which may be partly responsible for immune deficiency. We hypothesized that lymphopenia in CRF might result from apoptosis of T cells in vivo. To elucidate the involvement of Fas antigen which mediates apoptosis, we analyzed Fas expression on peripheral blood T cells in uremic non-dialyzed (non-HD) patients and hemodialysis (HD) patients. T cells from both uremic groups expressed Fas with higher intensity than control T cells. When two uremic groups were compared, Fas intensity on T cells was significantly higher in non-HD patients than in patients on HD. Moreover, uremic T cells were shown to undergo accelerated apoptosis when cultured in vitro, in correlation with Fas expression. Our results suggest that T cells in CRF may undergo apoptosis by the Fas system and that hemodialysis treatment has beneficial effects in the light of the inhibition of T cell apoptosis.
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PMID:Relationship between susceptibility to apoptosis and Fas expression in peripheral blood T cells from uremic patients: a possible mechanism for lymphopenia in chronic renal failure. 757 31

In healthy adults the CD4+ lymphocyte count in circulating blood is remarkably stable over a prolonged period. In patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) CD4 counts drop off sharply and can be used as a predictive marker of midterm outcome. However certain case reports of patients with out HIV infection, some reported as early as 1983, have led to a much publicized search for another immunosuppressive retrovirus. In reality no evidence of any such virus has been found and the Centers for Disease Control and the World Health Organisation have now defined the syndrome of idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia which includes a CD4 count below 300/mm3 or less than 20% of total lymphocytes in at least two successive counts without anti-HIV antibodies and without a known cause of immune deficiency or immunosuppressor treatment. The syndrome is extremely rare and although only recently identified, is probably not new. No endemic zone is known and there is no evidence of inter-human transmission. The clinical presentation is different from HIV infection. Although patients are susceptible to opportunistic infections, CD4 counts have relative stability and no hypergammaglobulinaemia occurs. Idiopathic CD4 lymphopenia is probably a primary immunodeficiency syndrome.
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PMID:[Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia]. 854 17

Nemaline-rod myopathy was recently reported in eight young males infected with human immune deficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). A 41-year-old woman had a 2-year history of progressive proximal-muscle weakness. Muscle biopsy demonstrated the presence of nemaline rods, predominantly in type 1 fibers. She was coinfected with HIV-1 and HTLV-2, as evidenced by positive polymerase chain reaction and serology. There was no lymphopenia or CD4 lymphopenia, despite an abnormal T-cell subset ratio, high CD8 count, skin anergy, and depressed in vitro response to mitogens. This case raises the possibility that dual infection may play a role in the pathogenesis of the rare nemaline-rod myopathies of HIV-infected patients.
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PMID:Progressive nemaline rod myopathy in a woman coinfected with HIV-1 and HTLV-2. 834 53

Progressive loss of CD4+ T lymphocytes, accompanied by opportunistic infections characteristic of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, ahs been reported in the absence of any known etiology. The pathogenesis of this syndrome, a subset of idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia (ICL), is uncertain. We report that CD4+ T cells from seven of eight ICL patients underwent accelerated programmed cell death, a process facilitated by T cell receptor cross-linking. Apoptosis was associated with enhanced expression of Fas and Fas ligand in unstimulated cell populations, and partially inhibited by soluble anti-Fas mAb. In addition, apoptosis was suppressed by aurintricarboxylic acid, an inhibitor of calcium-dependent endonucleases and proteases, in cells from four of seven patients, The in vivo significance of these findings was supported by three factors: the absence of accelerated apoptosis in persons with stable, physiologic CD4 lymphopenia without clinical immune deficiency; detection of serum antihistone H2B autoantibodies, one consequence of DNA fragmentation, in some patients; and its selectivity, with apoptosis limited to the CD4 population in some, and occurring among CD8+ T cells predominantly in those individuals with marked depletion of both CD4+ T lymphocytes linked to clinical immune suppression have evidence for accelerated T cell apoptosis in vitro that may be pathophysiologic and amenable to therapy with apoptosis inhibitors.
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PMID:Apoptotic depletion of CD4+ T cells in idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia. 860 22

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency typically causes severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) in infants. We report metabolic, immunologic, and genetic findings in two ADA-deficient adults with distinct phenotypes. Patient no. 1 (39 years of age) had combined immunodeficiency. She had frequent infections, lymphopenia, and recurrent hepatitis as a child but did relatively well in her second and third decades. Then she developed chronic sinopulmonary infections, including tuberculosis, and hepatobiliary disease; she died of viral leukoencephalopathy at 40 years of age. Patient no. 2, a healthy 28-year-old man with normal immune function, was identified after his niece died of SCID. Both patients lacked erythrocyte ADA activity but had only modestly elevated deoxyadenosine nucleotides. Both were heteroallelic for missense mutations: patient no. 1, G216R and P126Q (novel); patient no. 2, R101Q and A215T. Three of these mutations eliminated ADA activity, but A215T reduced activity by only 85%. Owing to a single nucleotide change in the middle of exon 7, A215T also appeared to induce exon 7 skipping. ADA deficiency is treatable and should be considered in older patients with unexplained lymphopenia and immune deficiency, who may also manifest autoimmunity or unexplained hepatobiliary disease. Metabolic status and genotype may help in assessing prognosis of more mildly affected patients.
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PMID:Adenosine deaminase deficiency in adults. 910 4


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