Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We evaluated 191 consecutive adults with pulmonary tuberculosis in order to develop methods to determine which patients should be initially hospitalized. Using stepwise discriminant analysis, we found the six factors that were most strongly associated with an unfavorable short-term outcome (respiratory failure or death): lymphopenia, advanced age, concomitant smear-positive extrapulmonary tuberculosis, alcoholism, a high percentage of neutrophils on the differential white blood cell count, and lack of radiographic evidence of cavitation. We derived a scoring system incorporating these variables and separated patients into high- and low-risk groups. The system was prospectively validated by applying it to a separate group of 179 patients. Lymphocyte-transformation tests in 32 patients revealed an association between clinical markers of poor prognosis and minimal lymphocyte proliferation to a heat-killed strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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PMID:Predictors of short-term prognosis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. 340 93

The clinical findings in 13 drug abusers and one homosexual man with tuberculosis and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) from New York City are described. Tuberculosis preceded the diagnosis of AIDS in nine of the 14 patients by a mean of 7 months and occurred within the same month in the remaining five. The presence of thrush, generalised lymphadenopathy, lymphopenia, cutaneous anergy and chest radiographs showing hilar adenopathy and/or lower lobe infiltrates was common among the patients in whom tuberculosis preceded AIDS. Eight of our patients had extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, six had disseminated tuberculosis and five had tuberculous lymphadenitis. Cultures of tissue biopsies may be positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis despite the absence of acid fast bacilli or granulomas on microscopic examination. Tuberculosis generally responded to chemotherapy, but the majority of patients died from opportunist infections.
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PMID:Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A review of 14 patients. 366 Apr 57

This study sought to evaluate the prognostic value of clinical and laboratory parameters on survival in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive and HIV seronegative patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) from Tanzania. Over an 8-month period 192 consecutive patients with extrapulmonary TB, admitted to a major referral center in Tanzania, were enrolled in the study. Their symptoms, signs, and PPD skin test results were noted. Their sera were tested for HIV and analyzed for beta-2-microglobulin content. Univariate risk factors for 12 months' survival after the start of anti-TB chemotherapy were entered into a stepwise Cox regression model. Survival probabilities were estimated according to the number of risk factors. Of the 192 patients, 126 (65.6%) were HIV-infected, and 29.7% had disseminated TB. 35 patients, of whom 24 (68.6%) were HIV-positive, withdrew from the study immediately after hospital discharge. For survival analysis 157 patients remained. Within 12 months' follow-up after initiation of anti-TB therapy, the case fatality rate of the 102 HIV-infected patients was 22% and of the 55 HIV seronegative patients 2% (p 0.001). In the HIV seropositive patients the following independent risk factors were significantly associated with a decreased probability of survival: peripheral lymphadenopathy (Hazard Rate Ratio [HRR] 5.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-16.2), a decreased activity score (bedridden 50%/day) (HRR 4.5, 95% CI 1.7-11.7), lymphopenia of 1000/mcl (HRR 4.4, 95% CI 1.7-11.8), and mycobacteremia (HRR 4.0, 95% CI 1.2-13.1). An anergic PPD skin test reaction proved to be another independent risk factor when the analysis was performed on 89 patients with available Mantoux test results. In the HIV seropositive patients, the 12 months' survival probabilities were 93%, 86%, 54%, and 0% for the presence of 0, 1, 2, and 2 risk factors respectively. The conclusion is that estimation of survival probabilities in patients with extrapulmonary TB may be possible without performing CD4 cell counts. (author's modified)
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PMID:Predictive markers of survival in HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative Tanzanian patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. 859 71