Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of 3-hydroxypyridin-4-one (HPO) iron chelators and desferrioxamine (DFO) on murine hemopoiesis in vivo and in vitro have been compared in order to investigate the mechanism by which leucopenia in mice and granulocytopenia in man occurs with 1,2-,dimethyl-HPO (CP20). Administration of 60 doses of 200 mg/kg CP20 to Balb/c mice resulted in significant anemia, lymphopenia and granulocytopenia accompanied by bone marrow hypocellularity. DFO and CP94 (1,2,diethyl-HPO) at the same dose also caused lymphopenia but marrow cellularity was unaffected. When marrow from untreated mice was incubated with HPOs and DFO, erythroid burst-forming cells (BFU-E) and granulocyte/macrophage colony forming units (CFU-G+Mac), colony growth was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner at micromolar concentrations. The addition of iron to saturate the chelators abrogated the effects of DFO, but not those of the HPOs. With the HPO-iron complexes, addition of sufficient iron to saturate the transferrin in the medium reversed the inhibitory effects of the relatively hydrophilic CP20-iron complex but not those of the more lipophilic CP94-iron complex. Addition of further iron-saturated transferrin also corrected inhibition by the CP94-iron complex. These results show that HPO-iron complexes potentially have antiproliferative effects unlike DFO-iron complex (FO). The difference in the relative effects of CP20 to CP94 on hemopoiesis in vivo and in vitro suggests that additional factors to those inhibiting hemopoiesis in marrow cultures may operate with the long-term administration of iron chelators in vivo.
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PMID:In vivo and in vitro effects of 3-hydroxypyridin-4-one chelators on murine hemopoiesis. 841 63

We have studied in BALB/c mice the hematological alterations of the host induced by the growth of tumor cells in diffusion chambers (DC) In this model, host-tumor interactions are only mediated by soluble factors. Tumor cells proliferate and grow in DC up to 15 days after implant. Our results show a reversal of the granulocyte-lymphocyte ratio in peripheral blood, with lymphopenia and a relative increase of myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow of mice bearing DC with M3 tumor cells (M3TC).
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PMID:Tumor cells cultured in vivo in diffusion chambers induce hematological alterations. 856 83

The chemiluminescence response of granulocytes to serum opsonized zymosan particles (SOZ) ex vivo was investigated during two ranger training courses lasting 7 days with continuous moderate physical activities corresponding to about 32% of maximal oxygen uptake or 35000 kJ.24 h-1, with energy deficiency (energy supply 0-4000 kJ.24 h-1), and less than 3-h sleep during the 7 days. Significant granulocytosis in combination with a lymphopenia in peripheral blood was observed during the whole course. A priming of the granulocytes for accentuated chemiluminescence response to SOZ was observed during the first days of the course with a maximal increase on day 3 in course A (+35% of control response) and on day 1 in course B (+12%). Thereafter, reduced responses to SOZ compared to control values (-28% and -21% in course A and B) were observed. In course A, a group (n = 8) receiving 5000 kJ.24 h-1 of additional energy, showed a more pronounced priming (maximum +57% versus +21% of control response) during the first days. In course B, all the cadets had 3 h of organised rest/sleep on day 5, and a second priming of the chemiluminescence response was observed on the subsequent 2 days. These data indicated that moderate, continuous, predominantly aerobic physical activities for 1-3 days around the clock primed the production of reactive oxygen species in granulocytes. This priming may be beneficial for, for example, host defence against micro-organisms, but may also contribute to inflammatory damage to normal tissues such as muscle, tendons and joints during exercise. However, when the moderate exercise continued for several more days, a down-modulation of the granulocyte response was observed. The findings of this study further support the possibility that moderate physical activity stimulates immunity, while more extreme duration of the same activities may result in a down-modulation of non-specific (and specific) immunity.
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PMID:Granulocyte chemiluminescence response to serum opsonized zymosan particles ex vivo during long-term strenuous exercise, energy and sleep deprivation in humans. 878 54

We report a patient with systemic vasculitis who developed a Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia whilst he was on steroid n cyclophosphamide treatment. Severe lymphopenia was noted with a CD4 count of 0.023 x10(9)/1 with no evidence of Human Immunodeficiency virus infection. A literature review of recent reports about this particular topic reveals that the development of lymphopenia in patients under immunosuppressor treatment is a fact of a paramount importance. In that sense, a periodic monitorization of both the granulocyte and the lymphocyte count is widely recommended in patients under cytotoxic treatment. A dose adjustment or even suppression of drug administration would be necessary if severe lymphopenia was observed.
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PMID:[Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Complications of cytotoxic treatment in a systemic vasculitis]. 880 72

We report the course of a patient with severe autoimmune neutropenia in whom only transient responses occurred with corticosteroids, antilymphocyte globulin and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, and who was resistant to treatment with azathioprine, cyclosporin and intravenous immunoglobulin. A 10 d course of intravenous Campath-1H monoclonal resulted in a sustained haematological response. The long-lasting effect of Campath-1H may be due to its remarkable ability to induce a profound and prolonged peripheral blood T lymphopenia.
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PMID:Sustained remission of severe resistant autoimmune neutropenia with Campath-1H. 916 93

Neutrophils play an important role in the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT). These leukocytes rapidly accumulate into the tumor lesion after PDT and most likely eradicate the remaining attenuated tumor cells. The underlying mechanism of the accumulation of neutrophils at the time of PDT is not known. Therefore, we determined the effect of PDT on the course of mature and immature neutrophils in the circulation of rhabdomyosarcoma-bearing rats and studied the changes in the level of interleukin (IL)-1beta as an important stimulator of the proliferation of precursor cells of the granulocyte lineage in the bone marrow. We found that the effect of PDT on tumor growth was preceded by a rapid and specific increase of the number of mature neutrophils in the peripheral blood as early as 4 h after the start of PDT treatment and reaching maximum values after 8 h. At 24 h, the neutrophil numbers in the PDT-treated rats were still elevated as compared to sham-treated rats. In sham-treated rats, the numbers of blood monocytes and lymphocytes decreased by about 50% after 2 h and returned to their normal levels as soon as 2 h later. In PDT-treated rats, the course of monocyte numbers showed a similar pattern; however, lymphocyte numbers did not reach the normal range until 24 h. The specific increment of neutrophils was preceded by an increase of band neutrophil numbers and elevated serum levels of IL-1beta which were maximal at 2 h after the start of PDT. Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant association between the serum levels of IL-1beta at this time point and the number of band neutrophils at 4 h (R2 = 0.58; P = 0.03) and the number of mature neutrophils at 8 h (R2 = 0.54; P = 0.04). This suggests that PDT evoked an IL-1-dependent increased production rate of neutrophils in the bone marrow. Further investigation showed that the injection of anti-granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) antibodies not only attenuated the increase in neutrophil numbers but also greatly decreased the efficacy of PDT. On this basis, we suppose that an IL-1-induced release of G-CSF by PDT underlies this nonspecific immune reaction to the tumor. Apparently, G-CSF not only stimulates the production rate of neutrophils in the bone marrow but also increases the functional activity of these leukocytes to become indispensable tumor cell killers.
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PMID:Role of interleukin 1 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in photofrin-based photodynamic therapy of rat rhabdomyosarcoma tumors. 920 52

The maturation of the immune system of neonatal piglets was studied by following changes in the phenotypic composition and function of blood-borne leukocytes. The proportion of mature T and B lymphocytes decreased in the first week of birth and the circulating cells had poorly developed capacities to respond to mitogens and to secrete interleukins. From the end of the first week, however, there was a steady increase in the proportion of mature T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) and B cells in blood until 6-7 weeks after birth, when the study was ended. By 3-4 weeks, the relative proportions of different lymphocyte subsets resembled an adult-type composition. As they increased in prevalence, lymphocytes also developed capacities to proliferate and secrete interleukins. Proliferative responses to T-cell and B-cell mitogens reached adult levels within 2 weeks and 4-5 weeks, respectively. Blood leukocytes produced large quantities of IL6 by 1-2 weeks after birth and IL2 by 2-3 weeks. In contrast to lymphocyte patterns, the myeloid and granulocyte lineages were dominant at birth but then declined steadily. Unlike lymphocytes, the monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes appeared to be fully functional from the time of birth and exhibited a strong oxidative burst after appropriate stimulations. The magnitude of this response remained constant over the first 6-7 weeks. These results indicate that the first 3-4 weeks of post-natal life are a particularly susceptible interval for newborn piglets because constitutive and functional components necessary for specific cellular immune responses remain immature. This deficit may be offset by non-specific cellular mechanisms and maternally derived antibodies.
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PMID:Maturation of the mitogen responsiveness, and IL2 and IL6 production by neonatal swine leukocytes. 923 43

IgG and IgM levels and hematological parameters (red and white blood cell counts, thrombocyte, monocyte, lymphocyte and granulocyte counts and hemoglobin concentrations) were determined in albino rats exposed to combinations of endosulfan, dimethoate and carbaryl. Two and 3 combinations of 100- and 1000-fold acceptable daily intake (ADI) of endosulfan (ADI = 0.00612 mg/kg), dimethoate (ADI = 0.0204 mg/kg) and carbaryl (ADI = 0.0101 mg/kg) were administered po to male albino rats for 3.5 mo. Animals were immunized s.c. with tetanus toxoid in Freund's complete adjuvant 20 d before terminating exposures. At 100-fold ADI dosing, administration of each of the pesticides alone did not cause any difference in the parameters, but numbers of white blood cells and monocytes increased in rats given endosulfan + dimethoate while numbers of red blood cells increased with dimethoate + carbaryl. Rats given 1000-fold ADI endosulfan + dimethoate + carbaryl had significant differences in almost every parameter, while IgG, IgM white blood cells and lymphocytes decreased, and monocytes and % granulocytes increased from single endosulfan dosing. Lymphocyte counts were reduced by single dimethoate or carbaryl dosing. Endosulfan + dimethoate + carbaryl produced the most effective changes in comparison to single dosing or other pesticide combinations.
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PMID:Effects of combinations of endosulfan, dimethoate and carbaryl on immune and hematological parameters of rats. 1050 31

Characteristics of lymphocyte and granulocyte removal were studied during processing of fresh and overnight-stored human blood in a bottom-and-top semiautomated system using the buffy coat (BC) technique. Blood cells were counted in the resulting components. Removal efficiency of lymphocytes and granulocytes correlated with the loss of erythrocytes due to removal of the BC. Sigmoidal curves showed a good fit to experimental data. Variables of the equations differed substantially concerning removal of lymphocytes and granulocytes. Overnight storage of blood at 20-22 degrees C prior to processing resulted in changes in efficiency of leukocyte removal. Removal of lymphocytes decreased, while that of granulocytes increased due to overnight processing. Lymphocytes may be removed almost quantitatively with less than 10% (fresh blood) or 15% (overnight-stored blood) loss in erythrocyte content of the donated blood, corresponding to less than 28 ml packed red cells in the BC. Granulocytes seem to represent the residual amount of the final leukocyte content in the erythrocyte product. The present study may contribute to the production of erythrocyte products with fewer contaminating leukocytes and to the standardizing of semiautomated blood processing.
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PMID:Characteristics of the specific removal of lymphocytes and granulocytes from whole blood in an automated bottom-and-top processing system. 1110 Jul 46

To describe the changes that occur in blood count parameters during the natural course of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, we designed a retrospective cross-sectional case study of 144 patients with human granulocytic ehrlichiosis and matched controls who had a different acute febrile illness. Patients from New York State and the upper Midwest were evaluated from June 1990 through December 1998. Routine complete blood counts and manual differential leukocyte counts of peripheral blood were performed on blood samples that were collected during the active illness, and values were recorded until the day of treatment with an active antibiotic drug. Thrombocytopenia was observed more frequently than was leukopenia, and the risk of having ehrlichiosis varied inversely with the granulocyte count and the platelet count. Patients with ehrlichiosis displayed relative and absolute lymphopenia and had a significant increase in band neutrophil counts during the first week of illness. Knowledge of characteristic complete blood count patterns that occur during active ehrlichiosis may help clinicians to identify patients who should be evaluated specifically for ehrlichiosis and who should receive empiric antibiotic treatment with doxycycline.
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PMID:Serial measurements of hematologic counts during the active phase of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. 1124 9


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