Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between February 1983 and April 1986 we studied peripheral blood and bone marrow samples from 20 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related disease. 14 patients had AIDS, three had ARC, two had PGL and one had ITP as a sole manifestation of HIV related disease. Peripheral blood abnormalities included marked anisocytosis and poikilocytosis, rouleaux formation, neutropenia, lymphopenia, monocytopenia, a left shift in the granulocyte series and, in the patients with AIDS, vacuolated monocytes. The most frequent bone marrow abnormalities were reticuloendothelial iron block, dyserythropoiesis, megaloblastic change and erythroid hypoplasia. Excess histiocytes were noted in four marrows, one exhibiting haemophagocytosis. None of the bone marrows showed lymphopenia. Eight of the 20 marrows were difficult or impossible to aspirate. None of the trephine biopsies showed increased reticulin. The causes of these abnormalities are probably multiple and include opportunistic infections, drug therapy, immune mechanisms and possibly direct insult by the HIV virus.
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PMID:Peripheral blood and bone marrow abnormalities in patients with HIV related disease. 356 82

Blood leucocyte-counts, cortisol, and glucose were measured in twelve healthy premenopausal women undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy during either general anaesthesia (six women) or epidural analgesia (T4 to S5) (six women). Surgery during general anaesthesia caused significant lymphopenia 6 and 9 h after skin incision and significantly increased granulocyte-counts 6, 9, and 24 h after skin incision. Epidural analgesia prevented lymphopenia and reduced granulocytosis to about 40% of that seen in the group receiving general anaesthesia. The normal increase in plasma glucose and cortisol during and after surgery was abolished by epidural analgesia. These results indicate that neurogenic stimuli from the surgical area, probably through their influence on adrenal hormones (cortisol and adrenaline), are the main mediators of postoperative lymphopenia and are partly responsible for postoperative granulocytosis. Inhibition of the endocrine-metabolic response to surgery may prevent postoperative immunodepression.
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PMID:Prevention of postoperative lymphopenia and granulocytosis by epidural analgesia. 610 39

Fluorescence polarization measurement during the progress of fluorochromasia has been used to study the response of human lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and to tumour-associated antigens, as a basis for the detection of malignant disease. Polarization (P) values of both stimulated and unstimulated lymphocytes decreased with increasing intracellular fluorescence intensity, and with the duration of the fluorochromatic reaction. When these effects were taken into account, there was no significant difference in the change of P following stimulation of lymphocytes from 50 cancer patients or healthy subjects; the magnitude of the response was related more to the age of the donor and to the extent of granulocyte contamination of the lymphocyte preparation than to the presence of cancer. There were, however, significant differences in the change in leakage of fluorescein out of the lymphocytes and in the change in hydrolysis rate after PHA stimulation between lymphocytes from healthy individuals and from patients with cancer.
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PMID:Response of human lymphocytes to PHA and tumour-associated antigens as detected by fluorescence polarization. 615

Blood and marrow specimens were evaluated from 12 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Ten patients were anemic, eight leukopenic, and three thrombocytopenic. Pancytopenia was present in two patients and subsequently developed in two others. Reticulocyte counts were not increased in the anemic patients. The most common peripheral blood abnormalities were a left shift in the granulocyte series, lymphopenia, atypical lymphocytes, and vacuolated monocytes. Marrow cellularity was increased in five patients and reduced in three. Marrow reticulin was increased in 10 patients; in three of these, marrow could not be obtained by aspiration. Plasma cells were increased in number in every marrow aspirate, and there was a left shift in the myeloid series in most. Aggregates of atypical lymphocytes or a diffuse increase in marrow lymphocytes occurred in seven patients. An increase in histiocytes was observed in seven marrow aspirates; in five of these, the histiocytes were phagocytizing red cells, white cells, and platelets. Necrosis was present in four marrow specimens. These hematologic abnormalities reflect, in part, the presence of systemic infection, inflammation, and the inanition associated with them. However, the high incidence of myelofibrosis, alterations in marrow cellularity, pancytopenia, and hematophagic histiocytosis indicates that the bone marrow is a target organ in AIDS.
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PMID:Hematologic abnormalities in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 646 73

Intraperitoneal injection of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) into mice causes marked and rapid changes in leukocyte distribution. The virus induces an increase in peripheral blood (PB) granulocytes and an extensive decrease in the lymphocyte count which reaches a nadir of less than 10% of preinfection values, 12 hr after virus inoculation. In the lymph nodes and spleen extensive lymphocyte translocation and granulocyte infiltration are observed. Most changes abate 48 hr following virus inoculation. Injection of poly(rI):(rC) causes similar changes to those observed with VSV. The lymphocyte changes observed after injection of VSV or poly(rI):(rC) coincide with high levels of interferon (IFN) in the serum. We have examined the effects of anti-IFN antibody on those changes and investigated whether they can be mimicked by injecting IFN. Our findings suggest that the IFN induced by VSV or poly(rI):(rC), rather than those agents themselves, causes the observed lymphopenia as well as some of the changes observed in the spleen. On the other hand, the effects of VSV on granulocyte localization do not appear to be mediated by IFN.
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PMID:Involvement of interferon in virus-induced lymphopenia. 686 Dec 9

We investigated the effects of carrageenans (CAR) on mouse hematopoiesis, one of the many biologic systems affected by these galactan polysaccharides. Mice were injected intravenously with potassium CAR (K+-CAR) or iota CAR (I-CAR) and studied for 7 or 14 days, respectively, thereafter. Treatment with either compound induces anemia, granulocytosis, and early profound thrombocytopenia. Treatment with I-CAR results in an early lymphocytosis, and both compounds induce lymphopenia by 18 h after treatment. Treatment with either CAR compound is associated with an early moderate reduction in the number of nucleated cells and granulocyte/macrophage colony forming cells (CFUGM) per femur. Both compounds induce splenomegaly, and I-CAR treated mice develop hypoplasia of the thymus by 18 h after treatment. The splenomegaly is associated with intense splenic hematopoiesis and an increase in the number of spleen histiocytes; many of the latter are engorged with metachromatically staining material, most likely CAR. There is a sustained increase in the numbers of spleen CFUGM after treatment with either compound; in the case of I-CAR this may be due to proliferation of CFUGM in this organ, perhaps effected by the increased levels of plasma colony stimulating activity. Although it has been suggested that I-CAR is relatively nontoxic, and, therefore, potentially useful for in vivo studies, our observations indicate that it has profound effects on hematopoiesis which must be considered when planning and interpreting in vivo studies using this compound.
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PMID:Effects of carrageenan on the mouse hematopoietic system. 697 Jan 38

Many of the complications experienced by patients undergoing hemodialysis can be attributed to their altered host defenses. Increased cutaneous staphylococcal carriage along with repeated intravascular cannulation and defective mucocutaneous barriers lead to frequent invasion by infectious agents. Pathogens encounter granulocytes with subnormal locomotion, phagocytosis, and intracellular killing. Depressed cell-mediated immunity may be explained by shortened lymphocyte survival, lymphopenia, inhibition of lymphocyte transformation, and suppressor T-cell activity. This is manifested by cutaneous anergy, prolonged graft survival, altered tumor surveillance, and abnormal responses to hepatitis B and tuberculosis. Host interaction with the hemodialysis membrane leads to cellular disruption, which may induce autoantibodies. Activation of the alternate complement pathway during hemodialysis leads to granulocyte sequestration in small vessels, specifically within the lungs. These hemodialysis-induced alterations along with the manifestations of underlying chronic renal insufficiency may obscure clinical evaluation of these patients.
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PMID:Host defenses and immunologic alterations associated with chronic hemodialysis. 700 76

Transient granulocytopenia and lymphopenia may occur in acute alcoholics without splenomegaly, cirrhosis, infection, and megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency. The bone marrow in granulocytopenic patients is frequently hypocellular with few mature granulocytes, and the functional marrow granulocyte reserve is reduced. These findings suggest a depressed granulopoietic activity in these patients. The mechanism by which alcohol suppresses granulopoiesis remains unclear. Direct toxicity of alcohol on granulopoietic stem cells and increased individual susceptibility to the toxic effect of alcohol may be important factors. Alcohol also causes functional impairment of granulocytes (adherence, motility, and chemotaxis), macrophages (motility and phagocytosis), and lymphocytes (blastogenic transformation and development of delayed dermal hypersensitivity reaction), probably by perturbation of the cell membrane resulting in an increased intracellular cyclic AMP level.
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PMID:Effects of alcohol on granulocytes and lymphocytes. 737 52

In this report, we present a 5 months old male baby, who suffered from watery diarrhea since 4 days old. From then on, he had been admitted 3 times in 3 different hospitals but the symptoms still bothered him off and on. During the days of hospitalization, sepsis with positive blood culture of Klebsiella was noted. The patient expired at 5 months of age. The T cell count was 20% active T was 0. Delayed hypersensitivity skin tests including Candida (10 X), PHA (10 micrograms), PHA (1 microgram), SK/SD (50 units) were negative. The granulocyte function study showed normal. Immunoglobulin analysis revealed IgG: 1320 mg%, IgA: 120 mg%, IgM: 100 mg%. Agenesis of thymus, failure of lymphoid differentiation and abnormal lymphoid architecture with absence of germinal centers were noted at autopsy. Combined immunodeficiency with normal immunoglobulins (Nezelof syndrome) is a disease of primary immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent infections, failure to thrive, lymphopenia, diminished lymphoid tissue, abnormal structure or agenesis of the thymus, and presence of normal or increased levels of one or more of the major immunoglobulin classes, but with impaired antibody synthesis. Since its original description by Nezelof and associates in 1964, it has been reported on the subsequent occasion. In this report, we present our one experience and review the clinical and laboratory data in 33 reported cases.
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PMID:Report of a case of Nezelof syndrome. 744 23

2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine (cladribine, Leustatin) is being used extensively in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, but relatively little is known regarding its toxicity to the normal marrow. Long-term serial hematologic observations have been made on 29 patients with multiple sclerosis undergoing experimental therapy with monthly courses of cladribine, each of which consisted of 0.087-0.1 mg/kg per day for 7 days. The characteristic hematologic responses of the patients consisted of acute transient monocytopenia, prolonged, profound lymphopenia especially of CD4-positive cells, and modest lowering of the granulocyte count and hemoglobin with development of long-lasting macrocytosis. Two patients developed severe aplastic anemia, requiring transfusion both of red cells and platelets. One of these had previously received extensive therapy with chlorambucil, while the other had received carbamazepine (Tegretol) and was ingesting phenytoin (Dilantin) at the time of cladribine therapy. Both patients recovered after several months of marrow suppression.
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PMID:Marrow suppression produced by repeated doses of cladribine. 817 30


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