Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tick-borne rickettsiae of the genus Ehrlichia have recently been recognized as a cause of human illness in the United States. In the years 1986-1988, 10 cases of ehrlichiosis were diagnosed in children in Oklahoma. Fever and headache were universal: myalgias, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia were also common. Rash was observed in six patients but was a prominent finding in only one. Leukopenia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia were common laboratory abnormalities. Six patients were treated with tetracycline, three with chloramphenicol, and one was not treated with antibiotics: all recovered. The onset of illness in spring and early summer for most cases paralleled the time when Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis are most active, suggesting that one or both ticks may be vectors of human ehrlichiosis in Oklahoma.
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PMID:Ehrlichiosis in children. 198 31

The first case of canine ehrlichiosis in Connecticut is reported. A female Brittany spaniel from Milford presented with lethargy, anorexia, fever, petechiae, splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, anemia, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, lymphopenia, and hypoalbuminemia. Serologic analysis revealed antibodies to Ehrlichia canis (titer, 1:2,560). This documents a more northern geographic distribution in the United States for this infectious agent than had previously been suspected.
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PMID:Canine ehrlichiosis in Connecticut. 231 82

Dogs and cats respond to many diseases by changes in leukocyte numbers. Infectious diseases often cause leukocytosis due to neutrophilia. Left shift may accompany the leukocytosis, indicating that the marrow is mounting a response to the disease. Left shift also indicates that the marrow has fallen somewhat behind the needs of the animal. Degenerative left shift is considered a poor sign. Lymphopenia and eosinopenia also are found in infectious diseases. Lymphocytosis may occur during the recovery or if the disease becomes chronic. The nature and duration of the infection determine the magnitude of the monocyte response. It is erroneous to consider a disease chronic based only upon monocytosis. Trauma, autoimmunity, or any disease with significant tissue destruction can evoke a monocyte response. Leukopenias are relatively common in cats and are found with moderate frequency in dogs. Drugs, viral diseases (such as FeLV, feline enteritis, parvovirus), ehrlichiosis, and hereditary conditions may cause panleukopenias or single leukopenias. Occasionally leukocyte examination provides evidence of a specific etiology (such as with ehrlichiosis). Sometimes changes occur which, although not specific for a disease, may provide a strong evidence of a particular disease (such as in salmon poisoning). Leukocyte evaluation should include not only total count and differential count (with calculation of absolute numbers of the different cells) but also morphologic examination of the cells by qualified people. In many practices the only qualified person is the veterinarian.
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PMID:The leukocytes. 703 46

Seventeen Minnesota and Wisconsin dogs with granulocytic ehrlichosis were studied. The diagnoses were made by finding ehrlichia morulae in peripheral blood neutrophils. Eight dogs were studied retrospectively, and nine dogs were studied prospectively. The medical records of all dogs were reviewed. Eighty-eight percent of the dogs were purebred and 76% were spayed females. The median age was 8 years. Sixty-five percent of the cases were diagnosed in October and November. Fever and lethargy were the most common clinical signs. The most frequent laboratory findings were lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated activities of serum alkaline phosphatase and amylase, and hypoalbuminemia. No dogs seroreacted to Ehrlichia canis or Ehrlichia chaffeensis antigens, which are cross-reactive. Seventy-five percent of the dogs tested during the acute phase of disease and 100% of the dogs tested during convalescence were seropositive for E. equi antigens. Granulocytic ehrlichial 16S rRNA gene DNAs from six dogs were amplified by PCR. Sequence analysis of a 919-bp sequence of the ehrlichial 16S rRNA gene amplified by PCR from the blood of two dogs revealed the agent to be identical to the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Minnesota and Wisconsin and to be very similar to E. equi and Ehrlichia phagocytophila and less similar to E. canis, Ehrlichia ewingii, and E. chaffeensis. The geographic, clinical, serologic, and molecular evidence indicates that granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Minnesota and Wisconsin dogs is not caused by E. ewingii, but suggests that it is a zoonotic disease caused by an agent closely related to E. equi and that dogs likely contribute to the enzootic cycle and human infection.
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PMID:Geographic, clinical, serologic, and molecular evidence of granulocytic ehrlichiosis, a likely zoonotic disease, in Minnesota and Wisconsin dogs. 874 70

One hundred cases of monocytic ehrlichiosis diagnosed in Israeli dogs were confirmed by the presence of anti-Ehrlichia canis indirect immunofluorescent antibody titres greater than 1:40. The disease occurred in all age groups and there was no sex predilection. German shepherd dogs were significantly over-represented whereas crossbreed dogs were significantly under-represented (P > 0.0005). The most common clinical signs were depression, lethargy, lymphadenomegaly, fever, anorexia, panting, pale mucous membranes and bleeding, of which epistaxis was most common. Thrombocytopenia, anaemia (mainly normocytic normochromic) and lymphopenia were the predominant haematological findings. Forty-nine of the 100 cases were followed up for a year. Thirty-two dogs survived and 17 died. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to examine the effect of host, environmental, and haematological prognostic factors on survival. It was concluded that severe anaemia, severe leucopenia, pancytopenia, a tendency to bleed (especially epistaxis) and being a German shepherd dog were important indicators of poor survival in cases of monocytic ehrlichiosis in dogs.
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PMID:Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis: a retrospective study of 100 cases, and an epidemiological investigation of prognostic indicators for the disease. 935 Nov 83

Medical records of 3 dogs from North Carolina and 3 dogs from Virginia with ehrlichial morulae in circulating neutrophils were studied retrospectively. Two clinically distinct disease syndromes, including chronic, moderate to severe anemia (n = 3) and polyarthritis (n = 2) were associated with canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis (CGE) in these dogs. One dog was clinically healthy, and abnormalities were not detected during physical examination. Clinical signs were nonspecific and included fever, lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea. The most frequent laboratory abnormalities were normocytic normochromic nonregenerative anemia, moderate thrombocytopenia with large platelets, lymphopenia, and eosinopenia. Considerable variability was found in the serologic responses to Ehrlichia equi, Ehrlichia canis, and Ehrlichia chaffeensis antigens among the 5 dogs for which stored sera were available for indirect fluorescent antibody testing. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of portions of the 16S rRNA gene from blood (collected in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) of 1 severely anemic dog (dog 3) and 1 polyarthritic dog (dog 4) resulted in DNA sequences nearly identical to the GenBank accessions for Ehrlichia ewingii. The DNA sequence from a 3rd dog (dog 5) was most similar to that of E. canis. Serologic or molecular results support the possibility of E. ewingii, E. equi, and E. canis coinfection or serologic cross-reactivity among canine granulocytic and monocytic Ehrlichia species in dogs from North Carolina and Virginia. Variability in response to tetracycline or doxycycline treatment was noted in these dogs, with more rapid resolution of signs in dogs with polyarthritis. We report the 1st cases of CGE in dogs from North Carolina and Virginia, including recognition of CGE in a healthy dog.
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PMID:Granulocytic ehrlichiosis in dogs from North Carolina and Virginia. 956 Jul 60

A 14-month-old shorthaired cat was presented to the Animal Hospital in Skara, Sweden, with a two-day history of lethargy, anorexia and tachypnoea. Clinical examination and laboratory investigations revealed fever, dehydration, tick infestation, neutrophilia with left shift, lymphopenia, hyperglycaemia and intracytoplasmic neutrophilic Ehrlichia inclusions. After treatment with intravenous doxycycline and lactated Ringer's solution the temperature returned to normal. Oral treatment with doxycycline continued for 20 days. The ehrlichiosis diagnosis was confirmed by serology, polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. No relapse was observed during the eight-month follow-up period. The granulocytotropic Ehrlichia strain found in the cat was later characterised by analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence which showed 100 per cent identity to DNA sequences found in Swedish canine and equine granulocytotropic Ehrlichia strains. This is, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the first reported case of granulocytic ehrlichiosis in a cat.
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PMID:Feline granulocytic ehrlichiosis--a report of a new clinical entity and characterisation of the infectious agent. 1009 38

To describe the changes that occur in blood count parameters during the natural course of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, we designed a retrospective cross-sectional case study of 144 patients with human granulocytic ehrlichiosis and matched controls who had a different acute febrile illness. Patients from New York State and the upper Midwest were evaluated from June 1990 through December 1998. Routine complete blood counts and manual differential leukocyte counts of peripheral blood were performed on blood samples that were collected during the active illness, and values were recorded until the day of treatment with an active antibiotic drug. Thrombocytopenia was observed more frequently than was leukopenia, and the risk of having ehrlichiosis varied inversely with the granulocyte count and the platelet count. Patients with ehrlichiosis displayed relative and absolute lymphopenia and had a significant increase in band neutrophil counts during the first week of illness. Knowledge of characteristic complete blood count patterns that occur during active ehrlichiosis may help clinicians to identify patients who should be evaluated specifically for ehrlichiosis and who should receive empiric antibiotic treatment with doxycycline.
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PMID:Serial measurements of hematologic counts during the active phase of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. 1124 9

Seven, adult, female beagles were inoculated with a Swedish granulocytic Ehrlichia organism closely related to Ehrlichia equi and E. phagocytophila. Blood and bone marrow changes were evaluated throughout the acute phase of infection. All dogs developed moderate to severe thrombocytopenia during the parasitemic period. The mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width increased, and large platelets were seen on blood smears when platelet numbers were low. In bone marrow, absolute numbers of megakaryocytes and immature megakaryocytes were increased. These results suggested the thrombocytopenia was caused by increased platelet destruction. The dogs also developed mild, normocytic, normochromic anemia, with simultaneous decreases in serum iron concentration and total iron-binding capacity that resembled the anemia of inflammation. In bone marrow, there was a slight increase in immature erythroid cells and no erythroid hypoplasia; iron stores were normal to increased. Myeloid hyperplasia was seen in all infected dogs, despite neutropenia in peripheral blood. Lymphopenia occurred early in the parasitemic period, but lymphocytes responded strongly and numbers increased above baseline levels by the end of parasitemia. Blast-transformed lymphocytes (5% to 20%) were seen in peripheral blood for a few days. Experimentally-induced canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis caused cytopenias of short duration, coincident with the appearance of ehrlichial inclusions in neutrophils.
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PMID:Hematopathology in dogs experimentally infected with a Swedish granulocytic Ehrlichia species. 1207 39

To address the role of cellular immunity during ehrlichia infection, we have used a newly described model of monocytic ehrlichiosis that results from infection of mice by an ehrlichia that was isolated from an Ixodes ovatus tick (Ixodes ovatus ehrlichia, IOE). Immunocompetent C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice exhibited a dose-dependent susceptibility to IOE infection. Mice infected with a high dose inoculum ( approximately 1000 organisms) exhibited pronounced thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, anemia, and morbidity within 12 days postinfection. Infection was associated with bacterial colonization of a number of tissues. In contrast, mice infected with a low dose inoculum ( approximately 100 organisms) exhibited only transient disease and were able to resolve the infection. SCID mice were highly susceptible to low-dose infection, indicating that adaptive immunity was required. Resistance to sublethal challenge in both C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice was CD4-, but not CD8-, dependent and required IL-12p40-dependent cytokines, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha, but not IL-4. CD4 T cells purified from infected mice proliferated in vitro in response to IOE Ags. T cell proliferation was associated with production of IFN-gamma, and the production of this cytokine by CD4 T cells rescued IFN-gamma-deficient mice from fatal infection. Exogenous IFN-gamma was capable of inducing microbiocidal activity in infected macrophages. The data suggest that classical immune mechanisms involving CD4 cells and type 1 cytokines are responsible for macrophage activation and for elimination of this intracellular bacterial pathogen.
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PMID:Production of IFN-gamma by CD4 T cells is essential for resolving ehrlichia infection. 1515 8


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