Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A longitudinal investigation has been conducted into the cell-mediated immune responses of onchocerciasis patients after a single-dose treatment with ivermectin. Untreated patients tested for delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity (DCH) to seven recall antigens showed lower responses than infection-free control individuals (P less than 0.01), but 6 and 14 months after treatment DCH reactions increased to similar levels to those seen in the controls. The in vitro cellular reactivity to Onchocerca volvulus-derived antigen (OvAg) was reduced in untreated patients as compared with controls, and the lymphocyte blastogenic responses to OvAg and streptolysin-O clearly improved up to 14 months after treatment. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from untreated patients produced IL-1 beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-6 in response to mitogenic stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), only low levels of IL-1 beta, IL-2 and TNF-alpha in response to OvAg, but higher amounts of IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in response to OvAg than control individuals. After ivermectin treatment, the OvAg-induced production of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha increased significantly 1 and 14 months after treatment. The PHA-induced production of IL-2 and IL-4 increased 1 month after treatment and remained significantly elevated until 14 months after treatment, whereas the OvAg-specific secretion of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma did not change after ivermectin treatment. Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocyte-subsets in the peripheral blood of untreated patients revealed a relative and absolute (P less than 0.01) diminution of CD4+ cells and a significantly smaller CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio as compared with controls. By 4 weeks after treatment and thereafter, CD4+ T cells increased relatively and absolutely (P less than 0.01); likewise there was an absolute increase in T-helper-inducer cells (CD4+CD45RO+) and a temporarily improved CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio (P = 0.001). The expression of the low-affinity receptor for IgE (CD23) on total lymphocytes decreased from 14% to 7% by 14 months after treatment. The CD8+ cells and CD3+TCR gamma delta + cells were higher in patients than in controls and both remained elevated until 14 months after treatment. These results suggest a distinctly improved cellular immunity in human onchocerciasis that was facilitated by ivermectin therapy.
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PMID:Ivermectin-facilitated immunity in onchocerciasis. Reversal of lymphocytopenia, cellular anergy and deficient cytokine production after single treatment. 151 57

We report four cases of Omenn's syndrome (OS), an autosomal recessive disease characterized by early erythrodermia, protracted diarrhea, severe infections, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, failure to thrive, and leukocytosis with marked eosinophilia. The immunological investigations revealed B lymphopenia with increased levels of serum IgE and marked depression of T-cell activation, not restored by the addition of exogenous interleukin 2 (IL-2). IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production in vitro were very low or absent. One patient was treated with HLA-identical bone marrow transplant with a complete remission of the clinical picture and the immunological defect. The infant died of graft versus host disease 4 months after the graft. For the remaining three infants the outcome was also fatal within the first year of life. In conclusion, OS should be considered a severe combined immunodeficiency disease with peculiar clinical, immunological, and histological findings.
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PMID:Clinical and immunological findings in four infants with Omenn's syndrome: a form of severe combined immunodeficiency with phenotypically normal T cells, elevated IgE, and eosinophilia. 311 64

Immune activity during infancy was investigated using blood samples from 30 neonates and 52 healthy infants between 2 and 15 months of age attending for immunization. The purpose of this study was to assess the total immune activity of T cells using soluble interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) and interferon-gamma concentrations. These were compared with the proportion of CD4 CD45RO-, IL-2R (CD25)-, and transferrin receptor (CD71)-positive peripheral blood lymphocytes. The median duration of breast-feeding and of introduction of solid feeds was 4.2 and 4.0 months, respectively. Compared to neonates, the mean +/- SE soluble IL-2R concentration peaked at 4 months of age (1670 +/- 94 vs 3060 +/- 252 U/ml; P < 0.0001), as did pooled interferon-gamma levels. The percentage of CD4 CD45RO T cells remained low and the proportion of activated peripheral blood lymphocytes decreased during infancy. We conclude that noncirculatory immune activity is increased during infancy and this is associated with weaning.
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PMID:Immune activation during infancy in healthy humans. 819 12

As with normal lymphocytes, small amounts of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were spontaneously produced by lymphocytes from patients with bronchial asthma, and this bronchial asthma, and this production was markedly enhanced by concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation. Distinct from normal lymphocytes, however, IFN-gamma synthesis from patients' lymphocytes decreased in a dose dependent manner on stimulation with Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) antigen. IFN-gamma-producing cells are defined as being of the CD4+ 45RO+ T cell subset, which failed to produce IFN-gamma in Df-stimulated patients' lymphocytes. As the decreased production of IFN-gamma by antigenic stimulation was exclusively induced by Df antigen, but not by ovalbumin (OVA) or Japanese cedar (JC) antigen, it is concluded that Df antigen specifically suppressed IFN-gamma production in patients' lymphocytes. The IFN-gamma synthesis from normal lymphocytes was suppressed by the addition of IL-4 in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, anti-IL-4 antibody dose dependently enhanced IFN-gamma production from Df-stimulated patients' lymphocytes but not from unstimulated lymphocytes. These results indicate that IFN-gamma production by patients' lymphocytes is suppressed by the endogenous IL-4. Reduced IFN-gamma production in patients' lymphocytes on stimulation with Df antigen may lead to the overproduction of IgE in vivo.
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PMID:[Analysis and regulation of interferon-gamma production by peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with bronchial asthma]. 819 58

Eighteen advanced cancer patients received weekday subcutaneous injections of recombinant interleukin-6 (rIL-6) for 4 weeks at escalating doses. Patients were evaluated for hematologic and immune system effects. Hematologic monitoring included WBC, differential, Hgb and Hct, platelet counts, and assessment of marrow and peripheral blood progenitors. Immunologic monitoring included evaluation of acute-phase reactants (APRs), immunophenotyping, serum cytokine levels, cytokine-induced proteins, and cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA). The maximal tolerated dose (MTD) was 8.0 micrograms/kg/day, with neurocortical toxicity as the major limiting factor. All patients became anemic, and most had fever and chills. APRs were increased throughout treatment. WBCs increased transiently on day 2; granulocytes and monocytes increased again through day 26, whereas lymphocytes decreased to baseline or lower levels. Platelets responded by day 12 and increased through day 26 at the MTD with no effect on colony-forming unit-megakaryocyte (CFU-Mk). Peripheral WBC and RBC progenitors were not affected but decreased in the marrow. T-cell percentages declined with little effect on absolute numbers; T-cell activation was seen. CD45RO+ T cells decreased, but there was no significant effect on CD8+ CD28+ T cells. Neither B cells nor natural killer (NK) cells were affected. However, evidence of monocyte effects included upregulation of CD71, induction of the cytokine-induced proteins 2-5A synthetase and neopterin, and increases in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA. Serum cytokines were undetected, and mRNA for IL-1 beta, IL-2, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was not induced; however, mRNA for IL-4 and IL-10 did increase suggesting activation of Th2-like T cells. One mixed tumor response was seen. We conclude that IL-6 alone has systemic activity on the immune system, as well as the hematopoietic system, which at the MTD, primarily involves induction of APR, activation and expansion of monocytes, and activation of Th2-like T cells.
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PMID:Hematologic and immunologic evaluation of recombinant human interleukin-6 in patients with advanced malignant disease: evidence for monocyte activation. 881 98

In immunocompromised patients, warts occur frequently and can be extensive. We describe a 24-year-old patient with severe therapy-resistant warts. In addition to human papillomavirus infection, he had chronic sinusitis, candidiasis, and atopic dermatitis. Anergy to delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test reaction, significant CD4 lymphopenia, and diminished in vitro T-cell proliferative response and interferon-gamma production indicated a deficiency of cellular immunity. Extremely low concentrations of serum IgM and IgG2 and a severe deficiency of in vitro IgM production pointed also to a humoral immunodeficiency syndrome. This case represents a combination of cellular and humoral immunodeficiencies that has not been previously described in association with warts.
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PMID:Verrucosis of hands and feet in a patient with combined immune deficiency. 948 98

We assessed the naturally occurring T-cell immune response in primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumors from 12 unselected patients. A predominance of CD3+ T-cell receptor (TCR)alpha/beta+ T cells was observed in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), in contrast with peripheral blood lymphopenia found in some patients. Activation antigen expression on TILs revealed an imbalance in the activation status, with a significant percentage of CD69+ and HLA-DR+ and a low percentage of CD25+ and CD71+ TILs. The lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) was detected in some TIL subpopulations and especially in one patient in whom TILs were predominantly TCR alpha/beta+CD8+DR+LAG-3+. In addition, we found that RCC TILs are polarized to a global type 1-like (Th1/Tc1) differentiation pattern (strong secretion of interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 (IL-2) following CD3/TCR crosslinking) but are under the influence of the down-modulatory cytokines IL-6 (secreted by tumor cells) and IL-10, within the tumor microenvironment. In 3 of 5 patients, clonal T-cell expansion at the tumor site was found for several Vbeta specificities, suggesting that in situ stimulation of specific clonotypes in response to potential tumor antigens is a frequent event in RCC. Furthermore, in one patient, selective intratumor amplification of a Vbeta1 subpopulation (5% of TCR alpha/beta+ cells) corresponding to 2 distinct Vbeta1-Jbeta1.6 and Vbeta1-Jbeta2.3 tumor-specific MHC class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes supports the view that discrete T-cell subsets contribute readily to in situ immunosurveillance.
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PMID:Analysis of T-cell immune response in renal cell carcinoma: polarization to type 1-like differentiation pattern, clonal T-cell expansion and tumor-specific cytotoxicity. 924 86

This study determined the cytokine profile of CD4+ T-helper cells to elucidate the specific CD4+ T-helper phenotype during the postpartum period. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from cows during periods of increased susceptibility (3 d postpartum, n = 7) and decreased susceptibility (mid- to late lactation, n = 6) to mastitis. Isolated mononuclear cells were magnetically separated into CD4(+)-enriched or CD4(+)-depleted populations using specific bovine monoclonal antibodies and were confirmed to be enriched or depleted by flow cytometric analysis. T-helper-1 and T-helper-2 subpopulations were distinguished by cytokine profiles, at both the molecular and protein level, by competitive quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and specific bioassays, respectively. The CD4(+)-enriched cultures isolated postpartum had enhanced interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 mRNA transcript expression; cultures isolated during the mid- to late lactating period had enhanced interleukin-2 mRNA transcripts. Depletion of CD4+ lymphocytes decreased, and enrichment of CD4+ lymphocytes increased interferon-gamma transcripts in cultures isolated from mid- to late lactation cows. Interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 bioassays revealed that cytokine secretion paralleled mRNA transcript levels. These data suggest that CD4+ lymphocytes act predominantly as T-helper-2 compared with T-helper-1 within 3 d after calving. Alterations in the T-helper-1 and T-helper-2 responses, and therefore the repertoire of cytokines produced, may be an underlying reason for diminished host immune response during the postpartum period.
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PMID:Shifts in bovine CD4+ subpopulations increase T-helper-2 compared with T-helper-1 effector cells during the postpartum period. 1048 95

Immunosuppression as a consequence of acute and chronic stress can increase the susceptibility of cattle to a range of infectious diseases. In order to develop a panel of immune function assays for investigating the effects of potential stressors on immune competence in cattle, the effect of treatment with short- and long-acting preparations of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone was examined. Short-acting dexamethasone (dexamethasone sodium phosphate 0.08 mg/kg) followed 37 h later by long-acting dexamethasone (dexamethasone-21 isonicotinate 0.25 mg/kg) was injected intramuscularly and blood was collected to assess immune functions at intervals over the subsequent 11 days from 6 treated and 6 control Hereford steers. Dexamethasone induced leukocytosis (neutrophilia, eosinopenia, lymphopenia, monocytosis), an increased neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio, an elevated percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes, a decreased total CD8+ lymphocyte count, decreased total and percentage WC1+ lymphocytes, an elevated percentage of IL-2 receptor alpha (IL-2Ralpha)+ lymphocytes, and an elevated percentage of B lymphocytes. In vitro chemotaxis of peripheral blood neutrophils to human C5a and ovine IL-8 was increased by dexamethasone treatment. Lymphocyte proliferation in the presence of phytohaemagglutinin, and serum concentrations of IgM, but not IgA or IgG1, were suppressed by dexamethasone treatment, whereas mitogen-induced production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), neutrophil expression of CD18, neutrophil myeloperoxidase activity and natural killer (NK) cell activity were not influenced by dexamethasone treatment. The results indicate the potential for haematology and immune function assays to reflect elevated activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in cattle. Immunological parameters may thus provide a useful adjunct to cortisol and behavioural observations for assessing the impact of stress on the welfare of cattle.
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PMID:The effect of dexamethasone on some immunological parameters in cattle. 1059 72

T cell lymphopenia in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of patients with AT is mainly caused by a decrease of naive CD45RA+/CD4+ cells followed by a predominance of memory CD45RO+ lymphocytes. To relate these findings to the regulation of programmed cell death, we investigated the activation state and apoptotic level of PBL in 12 patients and healthy controls by flow cytometry. In accordance with previous investigations, the number of naive CD4+/CD45RA+ cells was significantly decreased in patients compared with healthy controls. This disturbed balance of CD45RA and CD45RO was also reflected in higher amounts of activated HLA-DR and CD95 expressing cells, with a concomitant decrease of Bcl-2 protected lymphocytes in the T cell population. With regard to its role in preventing oxidative-induced cell death, we analysed Bcl-2 expression and apoptosis in the presence of oxidative stress. In culture, cells of patients are more susceptible to spontaneous programmed cell death. However, in our stress-inducing system (hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase system) the number of cells undergoing apoptosis was lower in patients' cell populations compared with controls. In addition, preliminary results suggest that Bcl-2 expression and level of spontaneous apoptosis in patients can be modified by IL-2 and interferon-gamma.
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PMID:Spontaneous and oxidative stress-induced programmed cell death in lymphocytes from patients with ataxia telangiectasia (AT). 1060 75


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