Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of a single non-carcinogenic dose of 15 mg/kg methylnitrosourea (MNU) on the immune and hematopoietic systems of adult specific-pathogen-free (SPF) cats were determined. The cell-mediated-immune (CMI) system was markedly suppressed, as evidenced by: (i) Prolonged cutaneous allograft retention time (41-84 days); (ii) Decreased lymphocyte blast transformation response to mitogens (2% of pretreatment response to pokeweed mitogen or concanavalin A) and antigen (12% of untreated control cat response to keyhole limpet hemocyanin); (iii) Reduced number of absolute erythrocyte-rosetting T-cells in the peripheral blood. This immunosuppression lasted at least 3 months, the duration of the experiment. Suppression of the hematopoietic system was also noted as evidenced by: (i) Peripheral lymphopenia lasting 3 months and neutropenia lasting 3 weeks; (ii) Bone marrow hypocellularity lasting 3 weeks; (iii) Hypoplasia of neutrophilic precursors lasting 3 weeks and erythroid precursors lasting 4 days. It was concluded that a single non-carcinogenic dose of MNU induces a prolonged suppression of the CMI system and a brief suppression of hematopoiesis in adult SPF cats. The immunosuppression may in part be responsible for the previously observed increased susceptibility to feline leukemia virus infection and disease of adult SPF cats treated with MNU.
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PMID:The effects of methylnitrosourea on the immune system and hematopoietic system of adult specific pathogen free cats. 16 45

The peripheral blood leucocytes of twenty-four cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) were studied and the findings were compared with those in twenty-five normal health controls of matching age and sex. In the early phases of the disease marked neutrophil leucocytosis was seen which returned to almost normal levels by the fourth week. Lymphopenia was associated with diminished T lymphocytes but the number of B lymphocytes remained within the normal range. Though the number of T lymphocytes was reduced, their function of leucocyte migration inhibition in the presence of JE virus antigen was significantly higher. The phagocytic activity of the neutrophils, as shown by the uptake of neutral red dye, was diminished but the phagocytic activity of monocytes as shown by the uptake of neutral red dye, was diminished but the phagocytic activity of monocytes as shown by the uptake of neutral red dye or ingestion of latex particles remained unaffected. HI antibodies against JE virus were significantly higher in cases of encephalitis as compared with the control group. Thus, JE virus infection in man has a variable effect on different components of the peripheral blood leucocytes.
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PMID:Variable effect on peripheral blood leucocytes during JE virus infection of man. 23 92

The clinical details of a five-year-old boy with systemic lupus erythematosus and an inherited deficiency of the fourth component of complement (C4) have been reported elsewhere. In this study of his immune responses, immunization with bacteriophage phi X 174 demonstrated diminished antibody formation, abnormal immunologic memory and failure to switch from IgM to IgG during secondary response. We also noted persistent lymphopenia and reductions in peripheral-blood T lymphocytes, lymphocyte responses to mitogens and allogeneic cells and granulocyte chemotaxis. Kinetic studies revealed that delayed activation of the alternative pathway was corrected by purified C4 only if the classical pathway was not blocked. This finding is consistent with the concept that minute amounts of C3b provided through the classical pathway are necessary to prime the properdin system. Inability to activate the classical complement pathway, abnormal kinetics of alternative-pathway activation and depressed antibody responses to a T-cell-dependent antigen may predispose C4-deficient patients to viral infection or immune-complex formation.
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PMID:Immune response of a patient with deficiency of the fourth component of complement and systemic lupus erythematosus. 43 36

The values of red and white blood count, of spleen and liver weight were determined in mice of the C3H strain after transplantation of Gardner solid lymphosarcoma contaminated with LDH-virus and after infection of LDH-virus, and compared with those found in normal intact mice. Special attention was devoted to early post-transplantation period and the final stage of tumor growth. The second day after infection of mice with LDH-virus, leukopenia with marked lymphopenia was observed, together with a reduced number of reticulocytes and spleen enlargement. The same changes became more pronounced in tumorous mice on the second posttransplantation day. The changes--with the exception of spleen enlargement--following LDH-virus infection became normalized within the period of the final stage of tumor growth. Contrarily, in mice with tumors in the final stage of the disease besides spleen enlargement also the reduced erythrocyte counts, leukopenia with pronounced lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia were found.
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PMID:Changes in hemopoiesis of mice of the C3H strain following transplantation of Gardner lymphosarcoma and infection with LDH-virus. I. Circulating blood. 58 92

The effect of vitamin A deficiency in the presence or absence of Newcastle disease virus infection (NDV, La Sota strain) on weight of lymphoid organs and on the number and type of circulating white blood cells (WBC) was investigated in chickens. Day-old chickens with limited vitamin A reserves were fed purified diets containing either marginal (ad libitum) or adequate (pair-fed) levels of vitamin A and at 21-28 days of age; half the chickens in each group were infected with NDV. Vitamin A deficiency resulted only in significantly lower absolute and relative weights of bursa of Fabricius and after infection both weights of bursa and thymus were significantly lower. Relative weight of spleen was significantly higher after infection irrespective of vitamin A status. Liver weights were not affected by vitamin A status and/or NDV infection. Both vitamin A deficiency and NDV infection resulted in lymphopenia, while the lowest number of WBC were observed in vitamin A-deficient chickens during the acute phase of NDV (5 days after infection). Subsequent to lymphopenia due to NDV infection, a marked lymphocytosis was observed in controls and to a lesser extent in vitamin A-deficient birds. These results indicate that vitamin A deficiency, which is aggravated by concomitant NDV infection, affects lymphoid cell systems.
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PMID:Changes in lymphoid organs and blood lymphocytes induced by vitamin A deficiency and Newcastle disease virus infection in chickens. 177 59

This report describes alterations in functional responses to lectin-induced stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes and in the natural killer cell (NKC) activity, of college students, obtained during an outbreak of influenza A/Philippines/2/82(H3N2) virus infection. These results are compared with similar observations in college students with an acute, febrile, noninfluenzal respiratory illness that occurred during the same outbreak. The lymphopenia typical of influenza during acute illness was shown to be due to a reduction in both T and B cells without alteration in the CD4:CD8 ratio. In addition, phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A responses were reduced and NKC activity was increased, while pokeweed mitogen reactivity was unaltered at the time of admission to the study. Patients with noninfluenzal illness showed early polymorphonuclear leukocytosis and a similar lymphopenia. Lymphocyte functions were virtually unchanged during acute illness in noninfluenza patients. The relatively specific alterations in lymphocyte responses to lectin-induced stimulation in influenza patients may indicate that the peripheral T cells are incapable of activation via the CD3 or CD2 activation pathways. In addition, increased NKC activity in the periphery may be reflective of increased NKC activity in the lung. Influenza-infected individuals with higher NKC activity at the time of admission to the study also took longer to recover. Finally, the early lymphopenia and the later neutropenia in the influenza-infected patient may represent migration of these cells from the circulation to the infected respiratory tract as a consequence of infection.
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PMID:Influenza virus infection induces functional alterations in peripheral blood lymphocytes. 243 Oct 43

HIV infection is known to induce a progressive T helper/inducer (CD4) lymphopenia and to impair the functional activities of residual cells. The present studies examined the relationship between the CD4 cell count and three functional assays: T cell colony formation in semisolid media, the capacity of PHA-stimulated cells to express IL-2 receptors, and their ability to synthesize and secrete IL-2. Cells from antibody-positive homosexuals with normal numbers of CD4 cells (greater than 700/microliters) showed defective reactivity in two assays, colony growth, and IL-2 receptor expression. These defects became progressively more pronounced in homosexuals with moderate (400-700 cells/microliters) and severe (less than 400/microliters) reductions in assays for IL-2 production by PHA-stimulated lymphocytes. Mixing experiments suggest that cells from HIV-infected men nonspecifically inhibit the colony growth of normal cells; this abnormality could be reversed by addition of exogenous IL-2. These data suggest that defective colony growth and reduced IL-2 expression are functional abnormalities directly resulting from HIV infection. Furthermore, these changes can precede the CD4 lymphopenia induced by this viral infection.
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PMID:Defective T cell colony formation and IL-2 receptor expression in HIV-infected homosexuals: relationship between functional abnormalities and CD4 cell numbers. 252 69

Diethylcarbamazine (N,N-diethyl-4-methyl-1-piperazine carboxamide [DEC]) is widely used, especially in tropical regions, to prevent and treat filariasis. The antifilarial effect of this drug has been attributed to immunomodulation. Evidence is accumulating to indicate that DEC may mitigate the course of feline leukemia virus infection (FeLV) in cats. Previous studies have suggested that continuous oral DEC treatment given shortly after evidence of FeLV infection prevents or delays lymphopenia and prolongs survival. The present study focuses on the hematologic effects of one month oral DEC treatment given to adult chronically FeLV-infected cats and uninfected cats as compared to untreated FeLV-infected cats. Such treatment frequently resulted in abruptly lowered peripheral lymphocyte counts in chronically FeLV-infected cats. Further studies are warranted to evaluate whether administration of DEC could eliminate circulating retroviral-infected cells.
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PMID:Hematologic effects of short-term oral diethylcarbamazine treatment given to chronically feline leukemia virus-infected cats. 254 97

Functional interaction between lymphoid cells and lymphotropic viruses is particularly evident for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in cattle and its closely related virus, the border disease virus (BVDV) in sheep. The most important aspect of acute or chronic phases of BVDV or BDV infection was the host's increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial or viral infection. To study the ability of BVDV to alter the development of the cellular immune responses to concomitant inoculation with T cell-dependent and T cell-independent antigens, lambs were inoculated twice with rabbit RBC and Escherichia coli lipopolysacharide (LPS) and then were infected with a cytopathic strain of BVDV at postinoculation day 3. Leukopenia characterized by lymphopenia developed after BVDV infection. Increased [3H]thymidine incorporation was observed in resting or lectin-stimulated blood mononuclear cells in the first weeks after inoculation in BVDV-infected lambs, but was followed by decreased [3H]thymidine incorporation after the second inoculation for up to 8 weeks after initial inoculation. In contrast, transient decrease of blastogenic responses, associated with toxic effect of LPS, was detected in inoculated noninfected lambs, but was followed by stimulation of cellular immune responses. Inoculated noninfected lambs had good in vitro cellular immune response to rabbit RBC and LPS antigens, whereas lymphocytes from BVDV-infected lambs could not mount lasting cellular immune responses to antigens or BVDV. Results suggest that BVDV infection in lambs modulates the ability of lymphocytes to respond to lectins or antigenic stimuli according to the time after infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Modulation of the cellular immune responses to T-cell-dependent and T cell-independent antigens in lambs with induced bovine viral diarrhea virus infection. 255 79

Nineteen children who presented with fever, hepato-splenomegaly, bone marrow and/or hepatic failure, and biopsy evidence of histiocytic proliferations were evaluated for lymphocyte dysfunction and evidence of prior viral infection. Seventeen of the children had erythrophagocytosis consistent with the previously described virus-associated hemophagocytosis syndrome (VAHS) or Familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FEL). The other two had benign histiocytic proliferations in the central nervous system (CNS) with liver and bone marrow dysfunction. There were two sibling pairs and six patients with known disorders of immune deficiency. The remaining nine cases appeared to be sporadic and idiopathic. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) was identified in patients by serologic or DNA hybridization studies (15), EBV and cytomegalovirus (CMV) (1), adenovirus plus EBV and CMV (1), or adenovirus and EBV (1). Herpes zoster was associated with reactivation of symptoms in one patient. Immunologic impairment was evidenced by lymphopenia in 10 of 19 patients. More extensive evaluations could be done at diagnosis on only some of the children because the histiocytic proliferative syndrome was not recognized or because there were insufficient numbers of lymphocytes in samples obtained. For those who could be evaluated, the following immune deficiencies were found: decreased lymphocyte proliferation to mitogens (4 of 9), absent or markedly decreased natural killer function (5 of 5), and decreased cytotoxic lymphocyte reactivity to allogenic EBV-infected target cells (3 of 3). A new finding reported here is a higher than expected prevalence of HLA types A30, B8, and A1/B8 among the patients tested.
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PMID:Virus-associated histiocytic proliferations in children. Frequent association with Epstein-Barr virus and congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies. 284 31


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