Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The numbers of cells bearing the T3 (pan-T cell), the T4 (putative helper/inducer cells), the T8 (putative suppressor/cytotoxic cells) and B cell phenotypic markers were counted in venous blood samples from 26 newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 29 healthy controls from East Java. The absolute T cell count was lower in the patients and T4 cells were fewer in patients (mean 748/mm3) than in controls (mean 1,043/mm3), but there were no significant differences in total T8 cell and B cell counts between patients and controls. The T4:T8 ratio was not disturbed in many patients, but it was less than 1.6 in 11 of 26 patients and in only three of 29 controls: this ratio was less than 1.2 (the lower limit of 'normal') in six patients but no controls. The intensity of the T4 lymphopenia was unrelated to the extent of the lesion seen radiologically or the size of the skin test reaction to PPD. Levels of interferon-alpha were not elevated in the serum of any of the patients or controls. It is suggested that the T4 lymphopenia was a reaction to the mycobacterial infection and not a manifestation of underlying secondary (acquired) immune deficiency.
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PMID:T4 lymphopenia in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. 387 15

The content of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in plasma, blood, native neutrophils, in the same neutrophils after their incubation with a killed BGC culture and in the incubation medium was measured in 74 patients with various types of active pulmonary tuberculosis. Twelve healthy volunteers formed a control group. PAF was measured by the rabbit platelet aggregation technique. Higher plasma PAF levels were found in half the patients. The highest plasma PAF concentration was observed in the newly revealed patients, in cases with forming cavities in the lung tissue, in those discharged a lot of sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and in those with lymphopenia. PAF content in the native neutrophils of patients was 10 times as high as that in healthy persons. Incubation with the killed BCG culture had no influence on PAF content in the control neutrophils, but greatly increased individual differences in patients. The concentration of PAF in the incubation media of stimulated neutrophils from tuberculosis patients was 3 times higher than in the controls.
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PMID:[Platelet activating factor and pulmonary tuberculosis]. 767 Mar 43

Recently, the annual reduction in the incidence rate of tuberculosis has slowed in Japan. One reason for this trend is believed to be due to an increase in the number of immunocompromised hosts. In our department, we discovered 10 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis among 962 cases of collagenosis, and have analyzed the factors for the development of pulmonary tuberculosis in these patients. A total of 29 patients wer involved in the study: 22 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (active disease, 10; inactive disease, 12) and having no pulmonary complications, and seven with pulmonary tuberculosis and no concomitant diseases. Our findings were as follows: 1. Seven of the 10 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis also suffered from SLE. 2. Nine of the 10 patients had been treated with a corticosteroid or immunosuppressant. 3. Serum CH50 and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were valuable indicators for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis in the patients with SLE. 4. Patients with SLE and pulmonary tuberculosis tended to show lymphopenia in peripheral blood, which was further enhanced by prolonged use of steroids. 5. Miliary tuberculosis rather than pulmonary tuberculosis tended to develop in elderly patients, and required longer hospitalization.
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PMID:[Analysis of factors for the development of pulmonary tuberculosis in persons with collagenosis]. 812 90

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has changed both the epidemiology and natural history of tuberculosis. Despite a generally good response to effective antituberculous therapy, the prognosis remains poor. The objective of this analysis was to determine the independent predictors of survival in HIV-infected Ugandan adults with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. A total of 191 HIV-infected Ugandan adults with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were enrolled into a clinical trial of chemotherapy for tuberculosis. The subjects received either rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide for two months, followed by rifampin and isoniazid for six months (n = 101) or streptomycin, thiacetazone, and isoniazid for two months followed by thiacetazone and isoniazid for eight months (n = 90). After standard measurements were made at baseline, the group was followed at regular intervals for a mean of 16 months to determine survival. During the course of follow-up, 82 (43%) of the patients died, six within the first month of therapy. The one-year survival proportion was 68% with an estimated median survival of 26 months and did not differ according to treatment regimen. The hazard for death was biphasic, high early in the course of therapy, and then again after about one year. After controlling for the treatment regimen, four independent predictors of survival were found: anergy to purified protein derivative, atypical chest roentgenogram, previous HIV-related condition, and lymphopenia. In this cohort of Ugandan adults, four simple and inexpensive predictors of survival were found. These factors suggest that the degree of immunosuppression was a major determinant of survival.
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PMID:Predictors of survival in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The Makerere University-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration. 866 64

This study surveys the extent and severity of haematological abnormalities which occurred in 380 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Full blood count, bone marrow aspiration smears, and bone marrow trephine biopsy was analyzed by authors. Anaemia was present in 32 percent of patients. Leucocytosis with neutrophilia occurred in 18 percent. Leucopenia with neutropenia, and lymphopenia was observed in 16 percent in patients with very severe clinical tuberculosis. Elevated platelet count occurred in 8 percent with deep vein thrombosis in legs in 50 percent. Dysmyelopoietic syndrome was diagnosed in one case by bone marrow trephine biopsy. There was a close correlation between the haematological abnormalities and the severity of clinical findings of pulmonary tuberculosis. This survey has revealed that haematological abnormalities are relatively common in severe pulmonary tuberculosis. It seems that body weight loss, white blood cell count, haemoglobin level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate are useful indices of severity of the tuberculosis. The return of these indices to a normal level is a good indication of disease control in that they correlate with sputum conversion to acid-fast bacilli negative.
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PMID:[Hematologic abnormalities in pulmonary tuberculosiss]. 918 73

We determined in 14 patients with pleural tuberculosis total lymphocyte count, T subsets and NK cells (CD56) in pleura and blood and it was found a preferential accumulation in pleura of CD3 T lymphocytes, TCR alpha beta, mainly CD4 subset, but not T or NK cells. In 5 pleuritis it was studied 40% of V beta TCR subfamilies in blood and pleura and in 2 pulmonary tuberculosis and one pleuritis all V beta and V alpha TCR subfamilies (trough PCR), without be observed a clear clonal expansion. It was not observed correlation among a) pleural and blood lymphocyte cellularity b) the amount of pleural effusion and the existence of lymphopenia or tuberculinic anergia c) levels of ADA and percentage of CD3 and CD4 cells in pleura. In 7 out 11 pleuritis a high expression of IL-2 receptor (CD25) was observed. In 24 patients with pleural and pulmonary tuberculosis there was not correlation between levels of SIL-2R and IL-6 and radiographic extension.
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PMID:[Lymphocyte activation in tuberculous pleuritis . Correlation with adenosine deaminase (ADA), peripheral blood lymphocytes, T cell receptor subfamilies, radiographic extension and levels of Il-6 and soluble Il-2 receptor]. 954 1

The study was undertaken to examine 59 patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis who had T-cell dysfunction (loss of CD3+, CD4+, lymphocytes, slightly positive tuberculin test) and augmented IgA and IgG production. Oral Xymedone given in a dose 2.0 g daily for two 2 months in combination with antibacterial therapy abolished lymphopenia, restored CD4+ counts, CD4+/CD3+ ratio, upregulated IgG levels, but did not affect IgA levels. The Xymedone-treated patients developed fewer side effects due to basic antibacterial chemotherapy and showed more rapid culture conversion, resolution of pulmonary infiltration and closure of destructive cavities.
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PMID:[Use of systemic immunomodulator xymedone in distructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. 1090 Sep 81

Young and middle-aged males with lower education levels, unemployed, poor and laborers are most susceptible to progressive pulmonary tuberculosis. The most severe forms of the disease are more common in single persons. The factors that promote its progression are as follows: poor living conditions, migration, chronic alcoholism, which shows these population groups to be at risk for poor prognosis forms. The disease is detected mainly on patients' referral. Pulmonary lesions were primarily bilateral and frequently primary. They are characterized by acute onset, marked intoxication, cathexis, excessive rale, scanty sputum, anemia, lymphopenia, drastically accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Sputum Mycobacteria tuberculosis are occasionally found. The outcomes of acute progressive tuberculosis are chiefly poor, which requires that effective methods of treatment and prevention should be developed for risk groups.
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PMID:[Social and clinical characteristics of progressive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis in Saratov and Saratov region]. 1164 52

Many reports have associated tuberculosis with haematological abnormalities. These reports suggest that severe pulmonary tuberculosis, if associated with reduced tissue cellular reaction, may cause blood discrasias. Anemia was present in 32 percent of patients. Leucopenia with neutropenia and lymphopenia was observed in 15 percent in patients with very severe clinical tuberculosis. Active tuberculosis was associated with significant reductions in absolute numbers of total T, T4 and B lymphocytes, but there were no significant differences in total T8 counts. T4 lymphopenia causes reversal of T4/T8 ratio. Also, many histopathologic diagnosis of panniculitis have been reported in tuberculosis patients--the incidence of panniculitis caused by tuberculosis was 8.2%. We present a case of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis with atypically Rx changes, associated with polyserositis and severe leucopenia, which debuted with a panniculitis.
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PMID:[Association of atypical pulmonary TB, polyserositis, severe leukopenia and panniculitis. Case report]. 1197 90

The investigations of 38 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PT) revealed combined T cell and monocyte functional disturbances. Indeed, the percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, proliferative response and IL-2 production, as well as the percentages of HLA DR(+) monocytes and IL-1beta production were significantly decreased in PT patients as compared with normal individuals. Herewith the absolute T lymphocyte number did not undergo the pronounced changes. The decrease of T cell proliferative response was not mediated through immunosuppressive action of monocytes or T lymphocytes since removing of "adherent" cells from patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or pretreatment of PBMC with indomethacin and cyclophosphan failed to recover mitogenic reactivity in vitro. The patient's sera also did not significantly influence on PBMC proliferation. The decrease of IL-2 production and the stimulation of T cell proliferative response via TcR-CD3 complex, i.e. through the classic pathway of activation, indicated the anergy of T lymphocyte in tuberculosis patients. Furthermore, T lymphocytes were characterized by enhanced apoptosis. It should be noted, that patient's sera (especially in the patients with an initially high apoptosis) promoted significant anti-apoptotic activity. It is likely that this mechanism may be an explanation, why absolute T lymphopenia is absent during tuberculosis infection. Our findings suggest, that T lymphocyte dysfunctions in patients with PT are caused by impairments of T cell activation process, which lead to predominance of "negative" response (induction anergy, apoptosis) and to a lesser degree connected with direct suppressive mechanisms mediated by monocytes, T lymphocytes or serum factors.
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PMID:T Cell Functional Disturbances in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. 1268 62


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