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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We present a case of tuberculous meningitis in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia. The patient was in complete remission; he had persistent lymphopenia and CD4+ T lymphocytopenia. Diagnosis was complicated by the chronic and subacute nature of symptoms; some originally thought to be secondary to depression and chemotherapy related toxicity. Treatment was further complicated by the unusual phenomenon of paradoxical progression of disease while on appropriate therapy. This case illustrates the importance of consideration of mycobacteriosis in the differential diagnosis of chronic unexplained fever complicating treatment for acute leukemia. The natural history and essential aspects of diagnosis and treatment of CNS tuberculosis are reviewed. The clinical significance of unexplained CD4+ T lymphocytopenia and chronic lymphopenia in patients with leukemia is also discussed.
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PMID:Tuberculosis meningitis in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia. 1019 37

Over a 16 month period 307 children with suspected tuberculosis (TB) and an available full blood count (FBC) seen at Tygerberg Hospital in South Africa were evaluated and categorized as confirmed (A), probable (B), and no TB (C) according to WHO criteria. There was no difference in the mean age of the 168 group A (33.6 months), 83 group B (34.4 months), and the 56 group C (31.6 months) children. A lower mean haemoglobin (Hb 10.2 vs. 10.8 g/dl) was the only significantly different haematological parameter in children with TB compared with the comparison group (Group C). There were no differences in median total white cell count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets, or the proportion of children in each group with anaemia, microcytosis, neutrophilia, neutropenia, lymphocytosis, lymphopenia, monocytosis, thrombocytosis or thrombocytopenia. The most common haematological abnormalities in children with TB were the presence of anaemia, neutrophilia, and monocytosis but these changes were found with equal frequency in control patients. Although haematological abnormalities are fairly common in children with TB, in a developing country these abnormalities also occur frequently in children with other non-tuberculosis respiratory infections. An FBC has no diagnostic predictive value when investigating a child for TB.
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PMID:Haematological abnormalities in children with tuberculosis. 1058 77

A variety of infectious agents can cause secondary immunodeficient states. We herein present a one-year-old patient, admitted to the hospital with severe lymphopenia, who was subsequently diagnosed as tuberculosis. After the antituberculosis (anti TB) therapy was started, the clinical condition and the immunologic findings of the patient improved. We have thus concluded that the transient lymphopenia of the patient was due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We suggest that immunodeficiency should be investigated more often in children with tuberculosis and that further studies will shed light on the pathogenesis of this aspect of the disease.
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PMID:Severe lymphopenia in tuberculosis. A mere coincidence or a significant association? 1073 74

The large number of diseases with interstitial lesions in the lungs needs numerous expensive and complicated examinations for differential diagnosis. These difficulties and increasing number of patients made us to look for possibilities to facilitate diagnosis. In 103 patients with diagnosed disease with disseminated lung lesions, the age and gender, vital capacity of the lungs, arterial blood gases pressure, the number of lymphocytes in peripheral blood were assessed. In sarcoidosis patients the subtypes of lymphocytes in peripheral blood and in bronchial washings were examined. It was established, that the number of interstitial lung lesions patients every year was greater. In observed group of patients the interstitial lesions in chronic pulmonary congestion, infections, neoplasms and sarcoidosis were seen. In chronic pulmonary congestion group there were older men with decreased number of lymphocytes, severe decrease of vital capacity, slight hypoxemia and normal pCO2. Disseminated lung lesions in the course of infections, mainly in 36 to 60 year old men with severe lymphopenia were observed. In these men vital capacity, blood gases pressure was normal. Mostly, the interstitial lung lesions in miliary tuberculosis and fungosis were developed. Neoplasmatic interstitial lung lesions existed in the course of lung cancer, rarer in other malignancies occurred. There were found in middle-aged men with severe lymphopenia, mild decrease of vital capacity, severe hypoxia and normal or decreased pCO2. Sarcoidosis in middle-aged persons was seen. There was not dependence on gender. In these patients the severe decrease of vital capacity, hypoxia and increased pCO2 frequently were observed. The number of lymphocytes in peripheral blood and in bronchial washing in most patients was normal. The same was observed according to subtypes of lymphocytes. The results of presented examinations are useful in evaluation of the clinical patient's state but their value in differential diagnosis of disseminated interstitial lung lesions is limited.
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PMID:[Disseminated interstitial lung lesions in Lung Diseases Clinic patients]. 1114 56

Immunodeficiency with thymoma (Good syndrome, GS) is a rare, adult-onset condition that is characterized by thymoma, hypogammaglobulinemia, and low numbers of peripheral B cells. CD4+ T lymphopenia and an inverted CD4:CD8+ T-cell ratio may be present. Here we report 5 patients with GS and infectious complications who were seen at 3 institutions between 1983 and 1999. Three patients had recurrent sinopulmonary infections, 3 had severe cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease, and 1 had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Review of the literature identified 46 other reports of infections in GS patients. The infections reported in all 51 patients included recurrent sinopulmonary infection (19 cases with documented respiratory pathogens), generally with encapsulated bacteria, most often Haemophilus influenzae (11 cases); CMV disease (5 cases); bacteremia (7 cases); oral or esophageal candidiasis (6 cases); persistent mucocutaneous candidiasis (5 cases); chronic diarrhea (5 cases with documented stool pathogens); urinary tract infections (4 cases); P. carinii pneumonia (3 cases); tuberculosis (2 cases); Kaposi sarcoma (1 case); disseminated varicella (1 case); candidemia (1 case); wound infection with Clostridium perfringens (1 case); Mycoplasma arthritis (1 case); and other infections. Patients with GS present with a spectrum of sinopulmonary infections and pathogens similar to common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Compared with patients with CVID, opportunistic infections, including severe CMV disease, P. carinii pneumonia, and mucocutaneous candidiasis, appear to be more common in patients with GS, and patients with GS may have a worse prognosis. GS should be ruled out in patients with thymoma or CVID who develop severe, especially opportunistic, infections. Treatment with intravenous immune globulin is recommended for all patients with GS.
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PMID:Infections in patients with immunodeficiency with thymoma (Good syndrome). Report of 5 cases and review of the literature. 1130 88

Young and middle-aged males with lower education levels, unemployed, poor and laborers are most susceptible to progressive pulmonary tuberculosis. The most severe forms of the disease are more common in single persons. The factors that promote its progression are as follows: poor living conditions, migration, chronic alcoholism, which shows these population groups to be at risk for poor prognosis forms. The disease is detected mainly on patients' referral. Pulmonary lesions were primarily bilateral and frequently primary. They are characterized by acute onset, marked intoxication, cathexis, excessive rale, scanty sputum, anemia, lymphopenia, drastically accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Sputum Mycobacteria tuberculosis are occasionally found. The outcomes of acute progressive tuberculosis are chiefly poor, which requires that effective methods of treatment and prevention should be developed for risk groups.
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PMID:[Social and clinical characteristics of progressive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis in Saratov and Saratov region]. 1164 52

Many reports have associated tuberculosis with haematological abnormalities. These reports suggest that severe pulmonary tuberculosis, if associated with reduced tissue cellular reaction, may cause blood discrasias. Anemia was present in 32 percent of patients. Leucopenia with neutropenia and lymphopenia was observed in 15 percent in patients with very severe clinical tuberculosis. Active tuberculosis was associated with significant reductions in absolute numbers of total T, T4 and B lymphocytes, but there were no significant differences in total T8 counts. T4 lymphopenia causes reversal of T4/T8 ratio. Also, many histopathologic diagnosis of panniculitis have been reported in tuberculosis patients--the incidence of panniculitis caused by tuberculosis was 8.2%. We present a case of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis with atypically Rx changes, associated with polyserositis and severe leucopenia, which debuted with a panniculitis.
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PMID:[Association of atypical pulmonary TB, polyserositis, severe leukopenia and panniculitis. Case report]. 1197 90

The investigations of 38 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PT) revealed combined T cell and monocyte functional disturbances. Indeed, the percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, proliferative response and IL-2 production, as well as the percentages of HLA DR(+) monocytes and IL-1beta production were significantly decreased in PT patients as compared with normal individuals. Herewith the absolute T lymphocyte number did not undergo the pronounced changes. The decrease of T cell proliferative response was not mediated through immunosuppressive action of monocytes or T lymphocytes since removing of "adherent" cells from patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or pretreatment of PBMC with indomethacin and cyclophosphan failed to recover mitogenic reactivity in vitro. The patient's sera also did not significantly influence on PBMC proliferation. The decrease of IL-2 production and the stimulation of T cell proliferative response via TcR-CD3 complex, i.e. through the classic pathway of activation, indicated the anergy of T lymphocyte in tuberculosis patients. Furthermore, T lymphocytes were characterized by enhanced apoptosis. It should be noted, that patient's sera (especially in the patients with an initially high apoptosis) promoted significant anti-apoptotic activity. It is likely that this mechanism may be an explanation, why absolute T lymphopenia is absent during tuberculosis infection. Our findings suggest, that T lymphocyte dysfunctions in patients with PT are caused by impairments of T cell activation process, which lead to predominance of "negative" response (induction anergy, apoptosis) and to a lesser degree connected with direct suppressive mechanisms mediated by monocytes, T lymphocytes or serum factors.
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PMID:T Cell Functional Disturbances in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. 1268 62

The value of histological and histochemical studies in the diagnosis of a phase of tuberculosis progression or healing is shown. Electron microscopic study of tuberculous inflammation in different phases of its evolution evaluated the functional status of cellular elements of the lung and granuloma. The body's antituberculous resistance due to molecular genetic mechanisms is realized through intercellular interactions and macrophageal functions. Immune macrophages are characterized by a higher metabolic activity, they suppress the intracellular multiplication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) and are more protected from their toxic action. The pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for caseous pneumonia were studied. Three stages of evolution of the process: Stage 1 is the breakdown of defense and adaptive mechanisms: disorganization of connective tissue and alveolar parenchyma; enhanced permeability of blood and lymphatic microvascular walls with developed interstitial and intraalveolar edema, plasma and fibrin exudation, fibrinoid swelling of collagenous fibers, and their lysis; occurrence of lung parenchymal microinfarcts and infarction-pneumonia; type 2 alveolocytic dysfunction with surfactant destruction; Stage 2 is the breakdown of local immunity; exudative and alterative tuberculous inflammation with involvement of immunocompetent organs; suppressed T-cellular immunity, a shift of a T helper/T suppressor ratio to the latter, lymphopenia; impaired intercellular interactions, cellular apoptosis in blood and inflammation areas, and suppressed granulomatous reaction; inhibited L transformation of Mycobacteria tuberculosis, intensive MBT multiplication in the foci of tuberculous inflammation, particularly those which are resistant to many antibiotic drugs, a larger number of associations of the nonspecific microflora and fungi. Stage 3 is caseous pneumonia and generalization of a tuberculous process: a predominance of an alterative reaction of inflammation; the presence of allergic and caseous and necrotic vasculitis, bronchiolitis, and endo-panbronchitis; depressed granulomatous reaction; the development of acute alterative sequestrating pneumoniogenic caverns. Histological, histochemical, and electron microscopic studies of tuberculous inflammation may specify the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and may serve as the basis for early diagnosis of the disease and for timely correction of performed treatment in order to enhance its efficiency.
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PMID:[Current views of tuberculosis inflammation]. 1274 56

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD), also know as histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, is a benign disorder characterized histologically by necrotic foci surrounded by histiocytic aggregates, and with the absence of neutrophils. KFD was recognized in Japan, where it was first described in 1972. The disease is most commonly affecting young women. The cause of the disease is unknown, and its exact pathogenesis has not yet been clarified. Many investigators have postulated viral etiology of KFD, connecting it with Epstein Barr virus, human herpes simplex virus 6 parvo B 19, but also with toxoplasmic infection. Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease is usually manifested with lymphadenopathy and high fever, and is associated with lymphopenia, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly with abnormal liver function tests, arthralgia, and weight loss. The disease has the tendency of spontaneous remission, with mean duration of three months. Single recurrent episodes of KFD have been reported with many years' pauses between the episodes. Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease may reflect systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and self-limited SLE-like conditions. Final diagnosis could only be established on the basis of typical morphological changes in the lymph node, and lymph node biopsy is needed for establishing the diagnosis. Lymphadenopathy in a patient with fever of the unknown origin could provide a clue to the diagnosis of lymphoma, tuberculosis, metastatic carcinoma, toxoplasmosis and infectious mononucleosis. As KFD does not have any classical clinical features and laboratory characteristics, it may lead to diagnostic confusion and erroneous treatment. We described a case of KFD, and suggested that this disease should be considered as a possible cause of fever of the unknown origin with lymphadenopathy.
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PMID:[Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease]. 1460 43


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