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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of the male to female mating ratio on the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio and duration of tonic immobility (indicators of stress and fearfulness, respectively) were analyzed in two different experiments with different group sizes. In Experiment 1, four different mating ratios (1:11, 1:5, 1:3, and 1:1) and 10 different Spanish breeds of chickens were used; each breeding pen had 12 birds. In Experiment 2, two different mating ratios (1:11 and 1:1) and four breeds were analyzed; 60 birds were used. There were significant differences among mating ratios (P < 0.001) for the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio in females of both group sizes. Hens housed with a mating ratio of 1:1 had higher heterophil to lymphocyte ratios than did hens housed with a 1:11 mating ratio in the group with 12 birds (0.53 vs. 0.35) or that with 60 birds (0.76 vs. 0.37). Hens in a mating ratio of 1:1 had significant heterophilia and lymphopenia (P < 0.001). The 1:5 and 1:3 male to female mating ratios did not differ significantly from the 1:11 mating ratio. The effect of the group size was significant when the mating ratio was 1:1 but not when it was 1:11. There was no significant difference among mating ratios in terms of tonic immobility for hens. Cocks housed with a mating ratio of 1:1 and a group size of 60 birds showed shorter duration of tonic immobility (P < 0.05) than did cocks housed with a 1:11 mating ratio (203 vs. 296 s). The results suggest that very high mating ratios should not be used in conservation populations because it increases physiological and psychological stress responses.
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PMID:Influence of mating ratio and group size on indicators of fearfulness and stress of hens and cocks. 1221 Dec 98

We investigated the changes in percentages of leukocyte subpopulations, natural killer (NK) cells, CD69-expressing lymphocytes, and psychological aspects in 10 subjects who participated in a 10-day confinement study. Suppression of lymphocyte proliferative reaction and changes in leukocyte distribution are known to occur in space. These responses are similar to those induced by psychological stress. Ground-based confinement studies are suitable for validating the effects of stress arising only due to confinement. Two groups, consisting of five male subjects (ages 20-27 yr, mean 22.8 yr) each, participated in a 10-day confinement study. Blood samples were taken once before, three times during, and once after the confinement and activated with an anti-CD2 agonistic antibody cocktail. The percentages of leukocyte subpopulations, NK (CD45(+)CD56+) cells, and activated lymphocytes (CD45(+)CD69+) were measured by flow cytometric assay. The face scale test was used to measure psychological aspects. The percentage of CD69+ lymphocytes decreased during the period of confinement. This was mostly caused by changes in the ratio between NK and non-NK lymphocytes. The face scale showed that the subjects' moods improved toward the postconfinement period. Consistent with the face scale, the percentages of innate immune cells, such as NK cells and granulocytes, increased during the postconfinement period. We concluded that the changes in the distribution of immune cells caused by stress plays an important role in suppression of proliferative reactivity. The observed physiological reactions were specific to the confined environment, and the stress caused by confinement plays a role in the immune changes observed in space.
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PMID:Effects of 10-day confinement on the immune system and psychological aspects in humans. 1514 27