Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studies were initiated to assess the response of patients with disseminated melanoma to recombinant alpha interferon (rIFN-alpha A) and to monitor effects of rIFN-alpha A on several tests of immune function. Twenty patients were treated with rIFN-alpha A given by i.m. injection in escalating doses from 15 to 50 X 10(6) um-2. The responses of two patients were considered unevaluable. Of the remainder there was complete remission of tumour in two and stable disease in two. Subsequent progression of tumour in one of the latter patients coincided with development of antibodies to IFN. Side effects (usually fatigue) were dose rate limiting in 11 patients. Laboratory tests on samples taken 6 hours after rIFN-alpha A indicated a marked lymphopenia and a reduction in natural killer (NK) cell activity particularly against K562 target cells. Longer term changes measured in samples taken 2 days after the previous rIFN-alpha A injections consisted of neutropenia and an increase in the T4/T8 ratio due mainly to a relative increase in OKT4 positive T cells compared to OKT8 positive T cells. NK activity against the K562 target cell increased in most patients during the first week of treatment and then returned to below or near pretreatment levels thereafter against the K562 target cell. This contrasted with NK activity against the melanoma target cell which showed a more gradual increase over the duration of the treatment in 6 patients. The latter correlated with an increase in mitogen stimulated IL 2 production from their blood lymphocytes and may indicate that the cytotoxic activity resulted from lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. These results confirm the activity of rIFN-alpha A against melanoma in certain patients. They suggest that further studies are needed to select patients who may respond to rIFN-alpha A and to optimize treatment regimens. Tests of IL 2 production and LAK activity may assisted in achieving these objectives.
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PMID:Effects of recombinant leukocyte interferon (rIFN-alpha A) on tumour growth and immune responses in patients with metastatic melanoma. 387 53

Monocyte function in rhesus monkeys with simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome (SAIDS) was compared with that in age-matched normal juvenile rhesus monkeys. The functional tests were 1) chemotaxis, 2) phagocytosis of opsonized Candida albicans, 3) killing and/or growth inhibition of Candida albicans, 4) generation of respiratory burst, and 5) monocyte-derived macrophage response (morphology and/or respiratory burst) to stimulating agents such as lymphokines, gamma interferon, endotoxin, and phorbol myristate acetate. The monkeys tested had either clinical SAIDS (alive with lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and lymphopenia or neutropenia) or had terminal SAIDS (moribund due to the disease). Responses of monocytes from 14 monkeys with clinical SAIDS were indistinguishable from those of 9 normal juvenile rhesus monkeys, whereas monocytes from 3 monkeys with terminal SAIDS had enhanced phagocytosis and respiratory burst capacity. Chemotaxis, candidacidal/stasis activity, and response to stimulating agents were normal in these terminal cases. Plasma from the SAIDS monkeys was as capable of opsonizing yeasts and of being able to generate chemotactic factors by endotoxin as was control plasma. SAIDS retrovirus (SRV) was detected by co-cultivation of pure monocyte-derived macrophage cultures with Raji cells, an indicator cell line which forms syncytia in the presence of SRV. Four terminal SAIDS cases and one late-stage clinical SAIDS case were virus-positive when the number of macrophages in the cultures ranged from less than 50 to about 500. Terminal SAIDS monocyte-derived macrophages in culture as long as 17 days produced SRV. These data show that in monkeys with SAIDS the major effector functions of monocytes and macrophages involved in host defense are intact (even up until death). Additionally, some of the monocytes are productively infected, and these infected monocytes are viable and adherent in culture.
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PMID:Monocyte function in rhesus monkeys with simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 390 21

Hematologic abnormalities were defined in 31 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome (SAIDS). Animals manifested anemia (hypochromic/microcytic), severe neutropenia and progressive lymphopenia, monocytosis and occasional thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow studies showed erythroid hyperplasia with a marked left shift and adequate megakaryocytes. Two animals showed profound hypoplasia of all hematopoietic elements. Most animals were iron deficient, but the course of the anemia suggested additional factors. There was no evidence of immune hemolysis. The pathogenesis of these abnormalities is not clear and will require further study. This reproducible disease will allow studies to elucidate the mechanisms of viral-induced hematologic abnormalities.
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PMID:Hematologic abnormalities in simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 395 29

During one year, 55 bone marrow biopsies from 49 patients with CDC-defined acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were studied. Eighty-three percent were normocellular or hypercellular; 17% were hypocellular. Marrow plasma cells were increased in 83% of patients, most showing polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Forty percent of patients showed peripheral neutropenia, 29% thrombocytopenia, and 79% lymphopenia with markedly reduced T4+ lymphocytes. Eighty-five percent of patients were anemic, with iron studies showing a pattern consistent with the anemia of chronic disease. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) grew from ten (20%) biopsies, four with granuloma and six without granuloma (five of these six also showed marrow hypocellularity). Small poorly formed granuloma (70-150 micron) were seen in eight (16%) patients (four AFB-culture positive, 4 negative). Three of four granuloma-positive, culture-negative cases eventually grew MAI from autopsy material. Five (10%) patients had lymphoplasmacytic aggregates; later, one developed lymphoma, another, markedly atypical lymphoid hyperplasia. Two additional patients showed marrow B-cell lymphomas. Of these findings, only marrow MAI meets the CDC definition of AIDS. However, in this series, small ill-defined granulomas, lymphoplasmacytic aggregates, and B-cell lymphomas also were found. The authors conclude that these latter findings, when seen in high-risk patients, particularly those with lymphopenia, anemia, and/or hypergammaglobulinemia, also strongly suggest the diagnosis of AIDS.
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PMID:The bone marrow in AIDS. A histologic, hematologic, and microbiologic study. 403 75

Acute lung injury was induced in 24 calves by intratracheal inoculation with Pasteurella haemolytica. Calves in groups 1 and 2 were neutrophil depleted, using hydroxyurea given IV. Group 1 calves (n = 7) were inoculated intratracheally with saline solution, and group 2 calves (n = 7) were inoculated with P haemolytica. Group 3 calves (n = 7) had normal numbers of neutrophils and were inoculated with P haemolytica. Group 4 calves (n = 3) were treated acutely with hydroxyurea IV, had normal numbers of neutrophils, and were inoculated with P haemolytica. After inoculation, calves with normal numbers of neutrophils (groups 3 and 4) became hypoxemic 2 hours after inoculation, and hypoxemia persisted until necropsy (6 hours after inoculation). These calves also developed tachypnea, bradycardia, neutropenia, and lymphopenia. Lung lesions consisted of necrosis of the alveolar walls, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, and a severe exudative and necrotizing bronchopneumonia, with accumulation of proteinaceous fluid in alveoli and lymphatics. In neutrophil-depleted calves (groups 1 and 2), blood gas values, heart and respiratory rates, and numbers of circulating leukocytes did not change after inoculation with saline solution or with P haemolytica. At necropsy, the lungs of neutrophil-depleted calves were grossly normal. Therefore, neutrophils were required for the acute lung injury induced by P haemolytica. The protective effect of neutrophil depletion was a specific effect of hydroxyurea because calves with high circulating concentrations of hydroxyurea and calves with normal numbers of neutrophils (group 4) developed lung injury.
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PMID:Importance of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of acute pneumonic pasteurellosis in calves. 407 35

Piroxicam (Feldene) and isoxicam (Vectren) form a part of a new family of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) highly used in France: the oxicams. The cutaneous accidents of all kinds are frequent, estimated from 1 to 3 p. 100 of the patients with piroxicam (16, 20). In addition to the maculo-papular eruptions, there has been reported: lichenoid eruption (21), erythroderma (7), purpuric vasculitis (1, 10, 21), pemphigus (12, 14), bullous dermatosis difficult to classify (15), erythema multiforme and Stevens-Johnson's syndrome (3, 6, 7, 9, 13, 21, 23) and at last many photosensitization accidents (3, 8, 11, 19, 20, 21). We report 11 observations of Lyell's syndrome (8 cases) or Stevens-Johnson's syndrome (3 cases) occurred during treatments by isoxicam or piroxicam. Eight women and 3 men aged from 35 to 80 years begin a Lyell's syndrome or a Stevens-Johnson's syndrome after 9 to 45 days (at an average of 16 days) of a treatment by isoxicam (6 cases) or piroxicam (5 cases). Five patients attacked by a Lyell's syndrome are intubated and ventilated and 2 patients die of a septic shock at the ninth and the thirteenth day of evolution: the duration of hospitalization is from 11 days to 3 and a half months for the Lyell's syndromes survivors and from 7 to 19 days in the cases of Stevens-Johnson's syndrome: 7 surviving patients have ocular sequelae with in 2 cases a complete or partial blindness. A slight hepatic cytolysis is observed 5 times and a neutropenia mainly as a lymphopenia 4 times. In 2 observations, the CMV serology is positive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Lyell's syndrome and ectodermosis pluriorificialis during treatment with oxicams: 11 cases]. 409 6

In view of the depressed immunity in protein malnutrition, an assessment of the lymphoproliferative activity of the constantly stimulated mesenteric lymph node of the guinea pig was undertaken. A significant reduction of this activity was observed in protein deficiency. a) The germinal centers were reduced in number and size; new formation in the medulla was rarely seen. Lymphoid cells showed lowering of mitotic index and mitotic rate and prolongation of mitotic duration and turnover time. Nuclear labeling with (3)H-thymidine was focal and localized to the peripheral zone. b) Mitotic activity and nuclear labeling were less pronounced in the outer cortex and medulla and least in the paracortical area. Specific uptake of (3)H-thymidine paralleled the low labeling index. c) No appreciable reduction in the number of plasma cells in the medulla was observed. Serum gamma-globulin levels were not significantly altered, but albumin levels were consistently reduced. This was suggestive of preferential preservation of plasma cell activity in the malnourished host. d) There were significant lymphopenia and neutropenia with relative increase of neutrophils in the peripheral blood. This might indicate more severe involvement of lymphopoiesis than myelopoiesis in protein malnutrition.
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PMID:Lymphopoiesis in protein deficiency. Stathmokinetic and tritiated thymidine uptake studies of the mesenteric lymph node of the guinea pig. 413 87

Two pools of rabbit anti-guinea pig neutrophil serum (ANS) were prepared using an intravenous (ANS I) or subcutaneous (ANS II) route of immunization with proteose peptone-stimulated peritoneal exudate neutrophils (PMNs) from albino guinea pigs. In vitro, both pools of ANS contained high titers of agglutinating antibodies to neutrophils and lower titers against lymphocytes and red cells. Agglutinins against all three cell types could be selectively removed by absorption. The in vivo hematologic effects of both the absorbed and unabsorbed antisera were examined after intraperitoneal administration, and the effects of ANS on neutrophils in blood, bone marrow, and peritoneal cavity were examined by light and electron microscopy of spleen, liver, lung, lymph node, buffy coat, bone marrow and pellets of peritoneal cells removed at various time intervals within 24 hours. Injection of either antisera caused a rapid decrease in circulating neutrophils and lymphocytes, which reached their lowest levels within 12 hours. Neutrophils that disappeared from the circulation were sequestered primarily in liver and spleen where they were phagocytized, as morphologically intact cells, by macrophages and then rapidly digested. Immature bone marrow neutrophils as young as early myelocytes were ingested by macrophages in the marrow at 6 hours or later after ANS. Neutrophils that were phagocytized were apparently opsonized by ANS since there was no ultrastructural evidence of neutrophil lysis in blood or bone marrow after ANS treatment. However, both lysed and ingested neutrophils were observed in the peritoneal cavity. Absorption of ANS with neutrophils removed the ability of the serum to produce neutropenia. However, absorption of ANS with lymphocytes did not alter the lymphopenia produced by the antiserum. The fate of lymphocytes leaving the peripheral circulation was not apparent. Lymphocytes did not accumulate in liver or spleen sinusoids and were not ingested by macrophages in these organs, as were the neutrophils. There was no evidence of paracortical depletion or extensive phagocytosis of lymphocytes in lymph nodes after ANS, as other investigators have reported after administration of antilymphocyte serum.
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PMID:Effects of heterologous antineutrophil serum in guinea pigs. Hematologic and ultrastructural observations. 509 71

The effect of oral infection of puppies, eight and 10 weeks old, with canine parvovirus of faecal origin was studied. Clinical signs of enteric disease were first apparent at five days after inoculation and persisted during days 6 and 7 after inoculation. The severity of clinical signs varied from transient dullness and anorexia to emesis, dysentery and death. Changes in haematological parameters were first found at day 3 after inoculation when a relative lymphopenia was observed. A profound neutropenia developed in severely affected dogs after the appearance of clinical enteric disease. Post mortem examination revealed thymic atrophy in all dogs killed on day 4 after inoculation. Macroscopic changes in the small intestine were apparent only in animals examined during the phase of severe enteric disease and consisted of thickening, rigidity and congestion of the small intestines. Microscopically there was lymphocytolysis in the thymic cortex and the germinal centres of the lymph nodes from days 2 and 3 after inoculation respectively and this rapidly resulted in depletion of these tissues. There was repopulation of lymph nodes from day 7 after inoculation but significant thymic regeneration was not apparent during the course of this study. In the small intestine, necrosis of crypt epithelium, atrophy of villi and, in some areas, complete collapse of mucosal architecture were found but the extent of these changes varied along the length of the small intestine and between individuals. Regenerative intestinal changes were observed in those animals surviving the acute phase of enteric dysfunction. The variable severity of clinical and enteric lesions, together with the factors which may affect the expression of clinical disease, are discussed.
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PMID:Canine parvovirus enteritis 1: Clinical, haematological and pathological features of experimental infection. 609 17

A prospective study of the hematologic findings in 19 patients receiving cis-platinum (C-P) bleomycin (B) for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck was performed. CP 3 mg/kg was given on day 1, B 15 mg/m2 on day 3 and then by continuous infusison from day 3 to 10. Hematocrits declined in all patients from a mean of 41.6 +/- 3.9 to 36.6 +/- 4.9 (p less than 0.001) with the nadir seen by 10 days, reticulocyte count was unchanged. In 1 patient marked hemolysis occurred over 10-day period associated with the appearance of irregular spherocytes on smear, a situation similar to the index case which initiated this study. 5 other patients had spherocytes. A significant lymphopenia in the absence of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia was also observed.
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PMID:Hematologic effects of cis-platinum-bleomycin therapy. 616 44


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