Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to study the lesions produced by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) adult guinea-pigs were inoculated intraperitoneally with 1000 PFU of the WE or the Armstrong strain of LCMV. The animals were sacrificed at 3, 7, 10 and 14 days p.i. and samples were taken for hematological, histopathological and virological studies. In the guinea-pigs infected with the WE strain there was destruction of the splenic red pulp with high titers of virus and different degrees of pneumonitis. The hematological studies showed lymphopenia from day 7 p.i. onwards and focal bone marrow necrosis. In the animals infected with the Armstrong strain there was a very moderate neutropenia and virus multiplication was less than 2 logs, comparing with WE, in every case. The presence of large numbers of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) in the splenic red pulp and in the lung infiltrate previous to the mentioned lesions, encourage the interpretation that the damage is somehow mediated by these cells. The guinea-pigs infected with the WE strain could represent a very convenient model to study the role of PMN in viral diseases, as well as the non-immune pathogenetic mechanisms for LCMV.
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PMID:Infection of guinea pigs with two strains of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. 213 Feb 8

Levels of mature lymphocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, platelets, their progenitor cells, and cytokines were monitored in the blood, marrow, and spleen during fatal or nonfatal murine malarial infections. In all four malaria models, before anemia developed, there was a lymphopenia, a rapid lymphocyte depletion in the marrow with a compensating rise in spleen lymphocytes, thrombocytopenia with increased megakaryocytic progenitor cell numbers, and monocyte increases in the bone marrow and later the spleen. The development of anemia was associated with a monocytosis and neutropenia, an increase in granulomonocytic progenitor cells in the spleen, and a reduction of spleen lymphocytes. Spleen granulocytes, monocytes, and their progenitor cells increased two- to threefold more in nonfatal than in fatal malaria and the spleen lymphocyte pool became severely depleted in fatal malaria. The data suggest that a defective effector cell response was of importance for the fatal outcome of the disease. Other than an early rise in serum macrophage colony stimulating factor levels in fatal infections, changes in levels of the regulators of these effector cells did not correlate well with the outcome of the infection.
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PMID:Changes in hemopoietic and regulator levels in mice during fatal or nonfatal malarial infections. II. Nonerythroid populations. 214 42

Tiazofurin, an investigational antimetabolite, is undergoing clinical evaluation in leukemia. We analyzed the data base of 198 patients entered in Phase I trials to characterize the incidence and severity of toxicities associated with tiazofurin according to dose and schedule. Severe myelosuppression occurred infrequently, and was not dose-dependent. A five day bolus schedule had a higher incidence of severe or life-threatening neutropenia than other schedules. Tiazofurin produced lymphopenia which was not dose-dependent in the range of 23-36% decrease from baseline, and the effect on lymphocyte count was generally greater than the decline in neutrophil count. Non-hematologic toxicity of a moderate or worse severity (greater than or equal to grade 2) included nausea and vomiting (18% of all courses), serum transaminase elevations (SGOT, 16%; SGPT, 9%), rash (9%), stomatitis (3%), conjunctivitis (3%), headache (10%), other signs of central nervous system toxicity (8%), and cardiac toxicity, primarily pleuropericarditis (4%). Dose-related cutaneous toxicity, headache, and nausea and vomiting were evident in the five day bolus schedule, and myalgia was more frequently reported at higher doses on the single dose schedule. The five day continuous infusion (CI) schedule had a higher incidence of neurotoxicity, cardiac toxicity, SGPT elevations and ocular toxicity than the daily for five days bolus schedule, but none of these differences attained statistical significance. Although the peak plasma concentrations of tiazofurin achieved with the five day bolus schedule were 3-fold higher than the steady-state plasma levels seen with an equal dose given by CI, the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) was approximately 1.6-fold higher with CI. These observations suggest that both high peak plasma concentrations (above 400 microM) and prolonged exposure to plasma levels exceeding 50 microM may result in a higher incidence of serious non-hematologic toxicity.
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PMID:Clinical toxicity associated with tiazofurin. 220 Jul 59

CBA/Ca male mice were given 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) in drinking water (1 mg/ml) for up to 7 weeks. Water consumption and body weight decreased significantly. Neutropenia and lymphopenia were observed during and after exposure. Significant macrocytic anemia developed and disappeared as a function of red cell life span after stopping AZT intake. A microthrombocytosis was seen. Bone marrow cellularity and spleen colony-forming unit (CFU-s) content fell, but recovered completely and quickly after terminating AZT intake. Hemopoietic stem cell function measured by 2 different methods of rescuing fatally irradiated mice was normal 4 weeks after AZT exposure, suggesting that AZT treatment does not induce a long-lasting effect in genetic control of mitotic potential of stem cells. This is in marked contrast to exposure of CBA/Ca mice to benzene and ionizing radiation.
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PMID:In vivo toxicity of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) on CBA/Ca mice. 223 Feb 84

Deep-seated mycosis is prominently increasing as a terminal infection in compromised hosts with malignant blood disorders or malignant tumors. Moreover, localized candidal abscess of visual organs has recently been reported in several laboratories. We investigated the occurrence of deep-seated mycosis in 105 autopsied cases with blood disorders in our clinic from 1980 to 1987. Forty-four of those cases had died of various infections, and 80% of them were fungal infections. More than half of the fungal infections were aspergillosis. Deep-seated candidiasis was recognized in 10 cases, 6 of which were systemic candidiasis, the average duration of neutropenia below 500/mm3 was 19.7 days that of lymphopenia was 36.5 days. Two cases were complicated with GI-tract ulcer, and involved with hepatic candidiasis. On the other hand, in the 4 cases of localized candidial abscess, the duration of neutropenia was 58.5 days and that of lymphopenia was 28.8 days. These four cases were complicated with GI-tract ulcer. Histologically, Candida spp. were recognized at the bottom of the ulcer and invasion by inflammatory cells or tumor cells was found in the portal vein. We surmised that GI-tract ulceration is a very important complication of hepatic candidiasis or liver abscess, and the occurrence of localized candidiasis seems to depend on the duration and severity of neutropenia.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on mycosis especially deep-seated candidiasis in blood disorder patients]. 224 90

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the toxicity and biological activity of highly purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administered intravenously to cancer patients in order to establish an optimum dosage scheme. An initial subtoxic dose was increased in weekly increments in accordance with individual regimens that maintained patient reaction at a safe and acceptable level. Purified LPS from Salmonella abortus equi was administered to 11 patients with advanced solid tumors on a weekly schedule with intraindividually escalating dosage as determined by patient response. Biological response was monitored by complete blood count, C-reactive protein, and cytokine measurements at different time points after LPS injection. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and interleukin-1 beta serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by bioassay. Dose-limiting toxicities including chills and fever (WHO grade III) were reached at 1.0 ng/kg of body weight (maximal tolerated dose-1, MTD-1). Pretreatment with ibuprofen (1,600 mg) abrogated these side effects, allowing further escalation of LPS doses up to 10 ng/kg of body weight. At dose levels greater than 8.0 ng/kg of body weight (MTD-2), the aforementioned side effects occurred again and, additionally, hepatic toxicity (WHO grade III) was observed. Hematological changes included neutropenia followed by a pronounced neutrophilia contributed to by up to 30% bands, marked monocytopenia for 3 h, and retarded lymphopenia. By 24 h, all hematological parameters returned to pretreatment values. TNF serum levels increased from 10 pg/ml before treatment to 7,000 pg/ml as a function of dosage. Maximum serum levels were reached at 60 to 90 min after LPS injection. Similarly, IL-6 serum concentrations increased from less than 4 to 2,500 U/ml; peak levels were obtained 30 min after TNF peak values. Prior administration of ibuprofen had no effect on the above-mentioned hematological changes nor on cytokine release. LPS can be administered intravenously in weekly intervals at escalating doses from 0.15-10.0 ng/kg of body weight, when patients are protected by pretreatment with ibuprofen at dose levels above 1.0 ng/kg of body weight. Cytokine release as measured by TNF and IL-6 increased in a dose-dependent manner although the constitutional symptoms are completely attenuated.
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PMID:Biological response to intravenously administered endotoxin in patients with advanced cancer. 225 60

Amanita phalloides mushroom poisoning is an increasingly common and potentially lethal problem for which liver transplantation offers definitive therapy in selected patients. When significant liver dysfunction appears, early transfer to a liver transplant center is important to identify appropriate candidates and to begin the search for a donor organ. The clinical course of five severely poisoned patients, four of whom underwent liver transplantation, is reviewed. Indications for transplantation included primarily a markedly prolonged prothrombin time that was only partially correctable and a constellation of findings including metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia, hypofibrinogenemia, and increased serum ammonia, following a marked elevation in serum aminotransferase levels. Unlike viral fulminant hepatic failure, grade III or IV hepatic encephalopathy, marked elevation of the serum bilirubin level, and azotemia were not indications for transplantation. Resected livers demonstrated hepatocyte viability of 0% to 30%. Manifestations of Amanita poisoning complicating preoperative and/or postoperative care included severe diarrhea, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hypophosphatemia, bowel edema, and marrow suppression with lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. All five patients are well 1 year later. This largest experience with liver transplantation for Amanita poisoning further defines the early clinical and laboratory indications for, and the unique complicating features of, transplantation in this setting.
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PMID:Liver transplantation for severe Amanita phalloides mushroom poisoning. 233 13

Subpopulational composition of peripheral blood and bone marrow lymphocytes was studied in 17 children with different forms of immunodeficiency, combined with hematological shifts (agammaglobulinemia--6, mucocutaneous candidiasis--2, selective IgG-deficiency--2, hyper-IgM syndrome--3, cephalo-oculocutaneous telangiectasia (COCT)--2, general, variable immunodeficiency--2 patients; neutropenia was observed in all the patients, lymphopenia--in 13, anemia-in 6 patients. Surface markers were assayed by flow cytofluorometry with monoclonal antibodies OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, OKB7, produced by "Ortho diagnostics". Changes characteristic of certain forms of primary immunodeficiency have been revealed in the subpopulational composition of peripheral blood and bone marrow lymphocytes: decreased helper potential in patients with general variable immunodeficiency, T-lymphocyte deficiency in patients with COCT increased number of phenotype T3 cells and decreased amount of B-cell in agammaglobulinemia patients. Significant heterogeneity has been noted in the parameters of hemogram, myelogram and in the subpopulational composition of peripheral blood and bone marrow lymphocytes in each nosologic form, the group of patients with hyper-IgM syndrome has proved to be most heterogeneic. It has been suggested that the changes in the subpopulational composition of bone marrow lymphocytes may be responsible for primary immunodeficiency and disorders in hemopoiesis.
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PMID:[Phenotyping of blood and bone marrow lymphocytes in children with primary immunologic deficiency]. 237 47

The clinical and haematological changes which occurred in 18 Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) experimentally infected with Jembrana disease are described. The major clinical signs were an elevated rectal body temperature persisting for 7 days (range 5 to 12 days), lethargy, anorexia, enlargement of the superficial lymph nodes, a mild ocular and nasal discharge, diarrhoea with blood in the faeces and pallor of the mucous membranes. Not all of these changes occurred in all affected cattle. The major haematological changes included leucopenia, lymphopenia, eosinopenia and a slight neutropenia, a mild thrombocytopenia, a normocytic normochromic anaemia, elevated blood urea concentrations and reduced total plasma protein. The mortality rate in the experimentally infected cattle was 17 per cent. The similarity of Jembrana disease to malignant catarrhal fever and to diseases of cattle associated with Ehrlichia is discussed.
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PMID:Studies on experimental Jembrana disease in Bali cattle. II. Clinical signs and haematological changes. 239 47

Studies were done on 53 cats with community-acquired infection with the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) to determine if hematologic abnormalities were comparable with those observed in patients seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Nine cats were asymptomatic, 24 had clinical symptoms equivalent to AIDS-related complex (ARC), and 20 had AIDS-like disease. Hematologic abnormalities were detected in 75% (40 of 53) of FIV-seropositive cats, and multiple concurrent cytopenias were common. Anemia, lymphopenia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia occurred in 36%, 53%, 34%, and 8% of FIV-seropositive cats, respectively. Cytopenias were seen only in symptomatic (ARC or AIDS) cats. The occurrence of cytopenias and the distribution of clinical stages were similar in cats with concurrent feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection and those with FIV alone, suggesting that these abnormalities were a direct consequence of FIV infection. In addition, abnormalities were noted in 72% of marrows from symptomatic cats and included hyperplasia of individual cell lineages and dysmorphic features. Our results demonstrate that the hematologic manifestations of FIV infection are strikingly similar to those reported in HIV-seropositive patients. Thus, FIV infection in cats is an excellent animal model to study the pathogenesis of blood and marrow abnormalities in AIDS, as well as to evaluate the hematologic toxicities of drug therapies.
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PMID:Hematologic manifestations of feline immunodeficiency virus infection. 240 Aug 6


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