Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Withholding iron dextran treatment normally given to pigs at 1-3 days of age to prevent anemia resulted also in neutropenia. Polyinosinic acid:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) at 0.5 mg/kg IV at 25 days of age resulted in induction of putative interferon 2 to 24 hours later, with significantly (P less than 0.05) lower concentrations in iron-deficient (Fe-) female pigs than in iron-supplemented (Fe+) female pigs. Poly I:C caused several transient toxic manifestations, including elevations in blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, potassium (K), total bilirubin and phosphorus (P), marked leukopenia (both neutropenia and lymphopenia), and declines in serum albumin, calcium, cholesterol, glucose and globulin. Certain blood chemistries before poly I:C were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) different: albumin, globulin, cholesterol and K were higher in females than in males; albumin, globulin, glucose, P and K were higher in Fe- than in Fe+ pigs; and total carbon dioxide was higher in Fe+ than in Fe- pigs.
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PMID:Effects of poly I:C in porcine iron deficient neutropenia. 241 Jan 86

Leukopenia attributable to lymphopenia and neutropenia was detected over a 28-week period in a 12-year-old domestic cat infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Mild normocytic, normochronic anemia also was evident. Platelet counts were normal, and serum biochemical values were unremarkable. Antibodies to FIV were detected in serum by use of immunofluorescence and immunoblot electrophoresis assays. Cytologic evaluation of bone marrow aspirates revealed normal cellular morphologic features, maturation, and myeloid-to-erythroid ratio. Normal marrow cellularity was determined histologically. There was, however, a significant (P less than 0.01) inhibition of colony-forming unit granulocyte/macrophage-derived progenitors when marrow cells were cultured in the presence of autologous serum, compared with that when marrow cells were cultured in the presence of serum obtained from clinically normal cats, thus suggesting the presence of a humoral inhibitory substance directed specifically at the granulocyte/macrophage lineage. These cell culture results were consistent with those reported for human beings with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and neutropenia. Thus, FIV infection may be an excellent animal model in which to study human immunodeficiency virus and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cats with chronic leukopenia.
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PMID:Chronic leukopenia associated with feline immunodeficiency virus infection in a cat. 253 75

Functional interaction between lymphoid cells and lymphotropic viruses is particularly evident for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in cattle and its closely related virus, the border disease virus (BVDV) in sheep. The most important aspect of acute or chronic phases of BVDV or BDV infection was the host's increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial or viral infection. To study the ability of BVDV to alter the development of the cellular immune responses to concomitant inoculation with T cell-dependent and T cell-independent antigens, lambs were inoculated twice with rabbit RBC and Escherichia coli lipopolysacharide (LPS) and then were infected with a cytopathic strain of BVDV at postinoculation day 3. Leukopenia characterized by lymphopenia developed after BVDV infection. Increased [3H]thymidine incorporation was observed in resting or lectin-stimulated blood mononuclear cells in the first weeks after inoculation in BVDV-infected lambs, but was followed by decreased [3H]thymidine incorporation after the second inoculation for up to 8 weeks after initial inoculation. In contrast, transient decrease of blastogenic responses, associated with toxic effect of LPS, was detected in inoculated noninfected lambs, but was followed by stimulation of cellular immune responses. Inoculated noninfected lambs had good in vitro cellular immune response to rabbit RBC and LPS antigens, whereas lymphocytes from BVDV-infected lambs could not mount lasting cellular immune responses to antigens or BVDV. Results suggest that BVDV infection in lambs modulates the ability of lymphocytes to respond to lectins or antigenic stimuli according to the time after infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Modulation of the cellular immune responses to T-cell-dependent and T cell-independent antigens in lambs with induced bovine viral diarrhea virus infection. 255 79

Three cases presenting with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) are reported in this paper. All cases were female; they abruptly developed nephrotic syndrome at the age of 30, 11 and 23 years, respectively. In Case 1, the diagnosis of SLE was based on fever, butterfly rash, Raynaud's phenomenon, leukopenia, lymphopenia, hypocomplementemia, a high titer of anti-DNA antibodies, positive DNA and LE test, and the presence of anti-nuclear antibodies (speckled pattern). In Case 2, the diagnosis was based on butterfly rash, central nervous system involvement, lymphopenia, hypocomplementemia, a positive LE cell phenomenon, a high titer of anti-DNA antibodies and a positive DNA test. In Case 3, the diagnosis was based on photosensitivity, alopecia, lymphopenia, hypocomplementemia, a high titer of anti-DNA antibodies, a positive DNA test and a positive LE cell phenomenon. In these three cases, initial symptoms were puffy face and pretibial edema which occurred suddenly. These symptoms disappeared completely after either corticosteroid therapy or a combination therapy using corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs. These patients took a favorable course and no aggravation was noted in the findings of urinalysis and renal functions. In two of these cases, the diagnostic criteria for SLE were satisfied, but the remaining patient fulfilled only three criteria except for renal disorder. In each of these cases, minor glomerular abnormalities were disclosed by renal histology. It seems likely that SLE was complicated by MCNS in these cases. From these cases, it is suggested that there is a possibility of immunological abnormalities associated with SLE and MCNS.
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PMID:[Three cases presenting with systemic lupus erythematosus and minimal change nephrotic syndrome]. 258 38

Saperconazole (R 66905) is a broad-spectrum antifungal triazole with potent in vitro activity against Aspergillus spp. A total of 279 strains were tested in brain heart infusion broth. Development of the Aspergillus spp. was completely inhibited at 0.1 and 1 microgram of saperconazole per ml for 80.3 and 99.6% of the strains, respectively. Normal and immunocompromised guinea pigs were infected intravenously with Aspergillus fumigatus and treated orally, intravenously, or intraperitoneally with saperconazole or intraperitoneally with amphotericin B. Leukopenia, neutropenia, lymphocytosis, and monocytosis were obtained with mechlorethamine hydrochloride; leukopenia, neutrophilia, and lymphopenia were obtained with cyclophosphamide. Saperconazole was dissolved for oral treatment in polyethylene glycol and for parenteral treatment in cyclodextrins. Amphotericin B was given parenterally as Fungizone (E.R. Squibb & Sons). Treatment was given once daily for 14 days. An early starting treatment was efficacious, but the activity of saperconazole was maintained even when the onset of the treatment was delayed to the moribund state. The activity of saperconazole was not altered in immunocompromised animals. Saperconazole was clearly superior to amphotericin B and free of side effects. The oral and parenteral formulations of saperconazole were equipotent. The systemic activity of saperconazole in guinea pigs was confirmed in invasive aspergillosis in pigeons.
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PMID:Oral and parenteral therapy with saperconazole (R 66905) of invasive aspergillosis in normal and immunocompromised animals. 261 73

A prospective study of the incidence of toxic hematologic effects of antiepileptic drugs was carried out in a series of 104 epileptic patients treated with phenytoin alone or combined with other drugs, and in 30 patients treated with other anticonvulsants. A slight decrease in hemoglobin values and a slight increase in mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin was observed in both groups. These changes are typical of the hyperchromatic megaloblastic anemias, although a statistically significant relationship between folates and hemoglobin could not be established. Moreover, we found leukopenia and lymphopenia in the group treated with hydantoins, and moderate eosinophilia in both groups. Changes in metabolism of vitamin B12 and folate were frequent, with decreased values in more than 30% of patients. A significant inverse correlation was observed between serum levels of folates and phenytoin, which suggests a direct toxic effect of the drug. No major dyscrasias were noticed.
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PMID:[Hematologic alterations and reduction in serum folate in epileptics treated with anticonvulsants]. 262 85

The present report describes a comparative study in dwarf goats on human IFN-alpha 2a (0.5 x 10(6) IU kg-1 body weight IM), poly I: poly C (an interferon inducer; 30 micrograms kg-1 b.w. IV), and Escherichia coli endotoxin (an I1-1 inducer; 0.1 micrograms kg-1 b.w. IV). Although IFNs are considered to be species specific, human IFN-alpha 2a was very potent in dwarf goats. All 3 stimuli induced the 'acute phase response'. Among the varied physiological alterations, which together produce this response, are fever and depression, inhibition of gastric function, tachycardia, a decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase activity, leukopenia, lymphopenia and neutropenia followed by neutrophilic leukocytosis, hypoferraemia and hypozincaemia. The results suggest that, apart from I1-1, IFN-alpha also seems to mediate the systemic 'acute phase response' to certain exogenous stimuli.
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PMID:Comparative observations of fever and associated clinical, haematological and blood biochemical changes after parenteral administration of poly I: poly C, interferon-alpha 2a and Escherichia coli endotoxin in goats. 265 64

Ten yearling white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were inoculated with bluetongue virus serotype 17. Two yearling white-tailed deer were inoculated with sonicated heparinized noninfected blood and served as controls. Clinical signs of bluetongue virus infection included increased rectal temperature, erythema, facial edema, coronitis, and stomatitis. By postinoculation day (PID) 8, excessive bleeding and hematoma formation at venipuncture sites, dehydration, and diarrhea developed. At necropsy, the most consistent findings were oral lesions and widespread hemorrhage, which ranged from petechia to massive hematoma formation. Bluetongue virus caused progressive prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time, and progressive reduction of Factors VIII and XII plasma activities beginning on PID 6. A progressive decrease in platelet numbers also developed on PID 6. Changes in platelet size were not detected. Mean thrombin time was shortened, but prolongation developed in 1 deer. Mean fibrinogen concentration and Factor V plasma activity initially increased and then decreased, but remained above preinoculation values. Factor V activity was low in a few deer. Results of screening tests for inhibitors of the intrinsic coagulation system were positive in 2 deer. High concentrations of fibrin(ogen) degradation products were first detected between PID 3 and 6. Hematologic changes included leukopenia, lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and low total plasma protein concentration. Differences in PCV, hemoglobin concentration, or RBC counts were not detected between infected and control deer. Serum total bilirubin concentration increased by PID 6, primarily because of increased unconjugated bilirubin concentration. Mild to severe increases in serum aspartate transaminase activity were accompanied by more marked increases in creatine kinase activity. Indirect Coombs test results were negative in all deer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Experimentally induced bluetongue virus infection in white-tailed deer: coagulation, clinical pathologic, and gross pathologic changes. 285 9

A cohort of 215 asymptomatic homosexually active men from a Boston community health center are being prospectively followed to assess the natural history of the human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) infection. To determine if certain asymptomatic persons who are HTLV-III antibody negative may be viremic, an algorithm was developed that defined high-risk characteristics (a sexual partner with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS]; more than 100 homosexual partners; or leukopenia, lymphopenia, neutropenia, or thrombocytopenia). Of 33 asymptomatic homosexual men who did not have antibody to HTLV-III and whose cases have not been previously reported, 2 had HTLV-III recovered from their lymphocytes. Clinical, behavioral, and hematologic data from seronegative persons did not distinguish between those with negative or positive viral cultures. Asymptomatic carriage of HTLV-III in high-risk seronegative persons underscores the need to base preventive educational strategies and behavioral modification on the assessment of risk factors and not solely on the results of HTLV-III antibody screening.
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PMID:Human T-lymphotropic virus type III in high-risk, antibody-negative homosexual men. 300 77

Forty-one patients with Hodgkin's disease staged as IA(4), IIA/B(4/6) IIIA/B(6/9) and IVA/B(3/9) who had had radiotherapy (subtotal nodal irradiation (STNI) or total nodal irradiation (TNI), or combined one (STNI/TNI plus chemotherapy MOPP or MOPP/ABVD) have been enrolled consequently and randomized to receive thymic hormone (17 patients) or pentapeptide treatment (14 patients) for 3-6 months at the end of the therapeutic regimens. In all patients severe immunodeficiency evaluated either as leukopenia (WBC less than 4000/mm3) or lymphocytopenia (lymphocytes less than 1500/mm3) or CD3 and CD2 cell reduction, or imbalance of helper/suppressor (H/S) ratio have been documented before starting thymic therapy. Different results by immunorestorative therapy have been registered according to the entity of immunodeficiency. In fact in the group of 15 patients with severe lymphopenia (lymphocytes less than 1000/mm3) either the thymic hormone or the synthetic drug produced a significant increase of all subsets examined: CD3-CD2-CD4-CD8 without or with minimal influence on H/S ratio, due to the increase of absolute lymphocytes count. In the remaining patients with mild or no lymphopenia the two drugs resulted ineffective on T cells. Comparing the overall group of patients who received thymic therapy with a control group of patients who did not, an advantage in terms of recruitment of T cell compartment has been observed in the former group when mean values are compared. According to the clinical impact of the immunotherapy with thymic substances on these patients, a significant decrease in incidence of herpes virus infection (HVI) has been observed in patients who had had thymic therapy compared with the incidence of HVI in the control group (18% versus 53.8%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The effect of thymic substances on T circulating cells of patients treated for Hodgkin's disease. 307 27


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