Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We reviewed the clinical records of 33 patients with Immunoblastic Sarcoma in order to further describe this disease clinically. Several common features were found. Thirty percent of the patients had a history of a prior immune disease or lymphoproliferative malignancy. Forty-four percent of the patients tested had a diffuse hypergammaglobulinemia. Lymphopenia (less than 1,000/mm3) was found in 45%, and anemia occurred in 73%. At initial presentation, 30% of the cases were clinically staged as either stage I or II, whereas 70% were found to be stage III or IV. Forty-nine percent of the patients had systemic symptoms at presentation. The median survival was 14 months. Advanced stage of disease, lymphopenia, and presence of systemic symptomatology were associated with significantly decreased survival times (p less than .05). We conclude that IBS is a clinical entity often associated with prior immune disease and/or diffuse hypergammaglobulinemia.
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PMID:Immunoblastic sarcoma: a clinical description. 36 72

Thirty-five children diagnosed of AIDS were studied in order to evaluate toxicity and efficacy of oral Zidovudine treatment (AZT), as well as to analyze the clinical, biochemical, immunological and virological evolution of HIV infection throughout the treatment. Patients (19 males and 16 females) were studied from April 1988 to May 1990 with a mean follow-up time of 13.5 months (SD = 6.7 months). The mean age of the group was 4.68 years. The means of acquisition of this disease was 71.45 vertical and 28.6% via hemo-derivatives. Tolerance has been good with the main toxicity being hematological (28.5% anemia and/or neutropenia), 23% of which required blood supplements. The presence of neurological involvement and thrombopenia were observed in the incidence of greater toxicity. No influence on weight during AXT treatment was observed and hepatosplenomegalia and adenopathies were not modified. Bacterial and opportunistic infections were observed in 97.1% and 20% of patients, respectively. Neurological evolution was irregular and the improvement observed in some patients was mild and transitory. Three patients died during the follow-up from intercurrent infectious process. A progressive increase in MCV and a tendency towards leucopenia and lymphopenia (mainly in hemo-derivative infected patients) was observed. Neither significant immunological nor virological changes were observed during the treatment (except the tendency to diminish basal hypergammaglobulinemia). The results of this study were compared to other pediatric series treated with AZT.
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PMID:[Long-term follow-up study of 35 children with ADS treated with zidovudine (AZT)]. 157 12

Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD), first discovered in the 70's, is an infrequent disease which generally proves fatal within a short time. It is characterized by lymphadenopathies, hepatosplenomegaly, fever and rash. The most frequent laboratory findings are: anemia, leukocytosis with lymphopenia and non specific hypergammaglobulinemia. In spite of being considered a non malignant disease, it produces important immunity disorders which predispose the patient to serious infections, frequently fatal. In the course of time patients are likely to develop malignant lymphomas or other types of tumors. We describe a ganglionar proliferation and general symptoms in a patient who had been diagnosed as AILD by ganglionar biopsy. She was treated with corticosteroids during 8 months after which she had a complete recovery. Three months later the patient was readmitted with enterrorhagias and clear deterioration of her general condition. Tests showed the existence of a colon tumor and absence of adenomegaly in the areas previously affected by AILD. A colon surgery was carried out and a specimen examined. The anatomopathologic examination confirmed the existence of an immunoblastic lymphoma infiltrating the regional ganglionar area. Colon lymphomas constitute only 4% of all colon tumors; they are related to chronic gastrointestinal disease such as Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis, malabsorption syndromes, tumors and others. We conclude that in this patient AILD and prednisone administration constituted favoring factors for the development of an extranodal lymphoma.
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PMID:[Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy and colonic lymphoma]. 213 Feb 46

Cats exposed to the feline leukemia virus (FeLV) may mount an effective immune response and eliminate the virus, develop a non-viremic, latent infection or become persistently infected and shed the virus. Persistently infected cats commonly die of secondary opportunistic infections that result from FeLV-induced immunosuppression. The acquired immunosuppression is the most frequent and most devastating consequence of FeLV infection in the cat. Immunosuppression is targeted primarily to the cell-mediated immune system and has been attributed to the viral p15e envelope protein. The decreased IgG response and proliferative response to T cell mitogens is thought to be due to a defect in the helper cell function. As a result of T helper cell immunosuppression, infected cats may also have defective cytotoxic lymphocyte and activated macrophage functions which are regulated by their lymphokines. Research has shown that the virus causes a general suppression in the production of T cell-derived lymphokines, including gamma interferon and interleukin 2. A decrease in the function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes has also been reported and may contribute to deaths due to opportunistic infections in FeLV-positive cats. There are numerous parallels between the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in man and the FeLV-induced immunodeficiency syndrome in cats. Frequent deaths due to opportunistic infections, lymphopenia, depressed cell-mediated immune responses to T cell-dependent antigens despite hypergammaglobulinemia and the presence of a long period of time between infection and the onset of clinical signs are just a few of the syndromes that are similar between the 2 retroviral diseases. A new strain of FeLV, FeLV-FAIDS has been associated with a naturally occurring immunosuppressive syndrome that is strikingly similar to AIDS in man. In addition, a T-lymphotropic retrovirus has recently been identified from cats with an immunodeficiency-like syndrome; this feline lentivirus disease is morphologically similar, but antigenically distinct from the human immunodeficiency virus, the cause of AIDS. Treatment for FeLV immunosuppression is primarily supportive. The development of a soluble tumor cell antigen vaccine has been shown to be efficacious in preventing FeLV infections.
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PMID:Clinical and immunologic aspects of FeLV-induced immunosuppression. 284 93

A homosexual man developed staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome associated with a Staphylococcus aureus septicemia. We discuss the role of prednisone, renal insufficiency, and immunosuppression as predisposing factors to staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in adults. In particular, our study of the patient's immune function revealed anergy and lymphopenia, with a reduced response to phytohemagglutinin. Studies of T cell subpopulations revealed an elevated percentage of T suppressor cells and a diminished percentage of T helper cells with a depressed T helper/T suppressor ratio. Because of those abnormalities, we suspected acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A few months after recuperation from the acute disease, the patient has had a normalization of the T helper/T suppressor ratio, but because of persistent polyadenopathy, hypergammaglobulinemia, and a negative sensitization to keyhole-limpet hemocyanin (KLH), we now consider the patient to have an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex.
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PMID:Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in a homosexual adult. 294 82

We report a case of methionine synthase deficiency associated with cellular immune deficiency discovered in a 14-year-old boy. Principal findings were: developmental delay, recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections, megaloblastic anemia, discovered at 3 months of age, unresponsive to cyanocobalamin and poorly responsive to folinic acid. Biochemical studies showed: an abnormal deoxyuridine suppression test despite normal serum folate, cobalamin and transcobalamin levels; a normal intracellular uptake of these two coenzymes; and an absolute requirement of methionine for fibroblast growth, suggestive of defective methionine synthesis. An absence of methionine synthase activity in the patient's bone marrow and a profound depression of this activity in lymphocytes and liver were found. Hypergammaglobulinemia with variable lymphopenia, depressed lymphocyte transformation after lectin or recall-antigen stimulation, defective delayed-type hypersensitivity and decreased natural killer activity were noted as well. The patient died at the age of 14.
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PMID:Megaloblastic anemia and immune abnormalities in a patient with methionine synthase deficiency. 342 20

Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) is the most frequent AIDS related manifestation in homosexual men. From May 1984 to March 1985, 45 (38%) out of 117 intravenous (iv) drug abusers evaluated had PGL. Thirty-two were males and 13 females (median age 25 years). All patients referred to the frequent sharing of syringes. The median duration of lymphadenopathy was 3 months (range 3-60) with a median number of involved extrainguinal sites of 4 (range 2-7). Systemic symptoms and energy to skin tests were common, whereas splenomegaly and past infections were less frequently encountered. Hypergammaglobulinemia and an inverted T helper/suppressor ratio and lymphopenia were found in 78%, 43%, and 20% of the patients, respectively; the presence of HTLV-III antibodies was demonstrated in 12 (46%) of the 26 tested patients. Histologically, excised lymph nodes from 14 patients exhibited a marked follicular hyperplasia, diffuse plasmacytosis, and a conspicuous capillary proliferation. All patients are followed on a regular basis with clinical examination and laboratory tests; in no case has AIDS or a malignant lymphoma so far developed.
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PMID:Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy: clinical characteristics of a lymphadenopathy syndrome in intravenous drug abusers. 348 71

During one year, 55 bone marrow biopsies from 49 patients with CDC-defined acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were studied. Eighty-three percent were normocellular or hypercellular; 17% were hypocellular. Marrow plasma cells were increased in 83% of patients, most showing polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Forty percent of patients showed peripheral neutropenia, 29% thrombocytopenia, and 79% lymphopenia with markedly reduced T4+ lymphocytes. Eighty-five percent of patients were anemic, with iron studies showing a pattern consistent with the anemia of chronic disease. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) grew from ten (20%) biopsies, four with granuloma and six without granuloma (five of these six also showed marrow hypocellularity). Small poorly formed granuloma (70-150 micron) were seen in eight (16%) patients (four AFB-culture positive, 4 negative). Three of four granuloma-positive, culture-negative cases eventually grew MAI from autopsy material. Five (10%) patients had lymphoplasmacytic aggregates; later, one developed lymphoma, another, markedly atypical lymphoid hyperplasia. Two additional patients showed marrow B-cell lymphomas. Of these findings, only marrow MAI meets the CDC definition of AIDS. However, in this series, small ill-defined granulomas, lymphoplasmacytic aggregates, and B-cell lymphomas also were found. The authors conclude that these latter findings, when seen in high-risk patients, particularly those with lymphopenia, anemia, and/or hypergammaglobulinemia, also strongly suggest the diagnosis of AIDS.
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PMID:The bone marrow in AIDS. A histologic, hematologic, and microbiologic study. 403 75

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease characterized by enhanced immune responses at sites of involvement. For this reason, an immunohistological study using monoclonal antibodies against T-cell subpopulations was carried out in order to evaluate the topographic distribution of immunocompetent cells in tissue sections obtained from a variety of involved organs, such as parenchymal lung, lymph nodes, eyes, skin, and liver. Biopsy specimens were also stained for detection of immunoglobulins, complement, and fibrinogen deposits. The data demonstrate a redistribution of T cells from the blood to all the sites of disease activity where they account for the large majority of infiltrating cells, both in the early lesions (merely a lymphocytic infiltrate) and in well-organized granulomas. Moreover, these cells express a helper-related phenotype, as demonstrated by the high Leu-3/Leu-2 ratios, at sites of involvement with respect to the blood (blood, 1.8/1; transbronchial lung biopsies, 10.5/1; lymph nodes, 19/1; skin, 28/1; liver, 22/1; eye, 14/1). In line with this helper infiltration is the presence of plasma cells and immunoglobulin deposits, suggesting a local hyperreactivity of the B-cell immune system. Both the hypergammaglobulinemia and the T lymphopenia usually observed in the blood of sarcoid patients could be explained by these observations. Comparative analysis of immunohistological data and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) findings provides further evidence that BAL cellularity reflects the changes already occurring in lung histology. The studies emphasize the importance that immunological phenomena play in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis and provide new insights into the mechanisms leading to the formation and maintenance of the sarcoid granuloma.
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PMID:Immunohistological study in sarcoidosis: evaluation at different sites of disease activity. 636 83

In our previous study of soft tissue infections in parenteral drug abusers, two thirds of the infections were polymicrobial. Oral and enteric organisms were frequently recovered. These patients and a group of uninfected addicts showed frequent cutaneous anergy, lymphopenia, and hypergammaglobulinemia. An additional group of uninfected addicts was studied. The mean levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM were higher in the uninfected addicts. In the addict and control groups, elevations in IgA (17 percent of total), IgG (65 percent), and IgM (19 percent) levels were found. Zinc levels were within normal limits. T-cell populations below 70 percent were seen in five of the seven addicts and two of the four control subjects. Reversed helper to suppressor cell ratios were found in three of the seven addicts and control subjects. No consistent pattern of immunologic abnormalities emerged. The interrelationship of the abnormalities in the addict and their relationship to AIDS is unclear.
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PMID:Infections in parenteral drug abusers. Further immunologic studies. 660 67


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