Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Flow cytometric analysis was carried out on peripheral blood cells from patients with tuberculosis (TB) (n = 84) and with mycobacteriosis other than tuberculosis (MOTT) (n = 38). A whole blood-staining-hemolysis procedure was used for the preparation of samples being analyzed, and the cells were double-stained with various combinations of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)- and phycoerythrin (PE)- labeled monoclonal antibodies. These procedures enabled us to obtain quite reproducible results. As patients of more than 70 years old showed apparently distinct T lymphocyte profiles compared with those less than 70 years of age, this investigation was carried out only on patients of less than 70 years old. 1) The proportion of total lymphocytes to total leukocytes was significantly low in TB- and MOTT- groups, when compared with that in the healthy control group, although the total peripheral leukocyte number was not significantly different from each other. Thus, absolute numbers of lymphocytes were decreased significantly in TB- and MOTT- patients. 2) The numbers of both T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood decreased in patients of both groups, leaving the ratio of T/B relatively constant. 3) Both CD4+/CD8- and CD4-/CD8+ subsets of T lymphocytes decreased in TB- as well as MOTT- groups. However, the decrease in CD4+/CD8- subset was more manifest than that in CD4-/CD8+ subset. Among CD4+/CD8- subset the proportion of the Leu8+ subpopulation was slightly lower and among CD4-/CD8+ subset CD11b- subpopulation was slightly higher in both TB- and MOTT- groups than in healthy control group. 4) There was no significant difference in proportions of IL-2-receptor (p55 alpha chain) positive as well as HLA-DR positive T-lymphocytes between patient groups and healthy control group. 5) Both TB- and MOTT- groups were subdivided according to the extent of pulmonary lesion. Patients with the larger lesion showed remarkable decreases in the ratio of T lymphocytes to total peripheral leukocytes, the number of T lymphocytes, and the numbers of CD4+/CD8- and CD4-/CD8+ subsets, when compared with those with the smaller lesion. 6) Although the averages of absolute numbers of T lymphocytes, CD4+/CD8- and CD4-/CD8+ subsets were lower in patient groups than in the control group and the ratios of these to total lymphocyte counts and the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ subsets were not significantly different between patient groups and control group, the distributions of each value of individual person were far broad in patient groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral T lymphocytes from patients with mycobacterial diseases]. 159 37

The phenotype of inflammatory cells in lymph nodes from 16 patients with culture-proven tuberculous lymphadenitis were examined by histological and immunohistochemical techniques. Eight patients were suffering from a symptomatic HIV1 infection and 8 patients were immunocompetent individuals without positive HIV1 serology. In addition, the lymph nodes of 2 AIDS patients with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection were examined using the same techniques. Characteristic granulomas with or without caseation were observed in the 8 immunocompetent and the 4 HIV1-infected patients with less marked lymphopenia of CD4+ peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). In lymph nodes from the other HIV1-infected patients with more severe depression of CD4+ PBL, no epithelioid cell formation was present; instead, foamy macrophages were found. The phenotype of the macrophages underwent progressive changes in parallel with the decreasing numbers of CD4+ PBL. Foamy macrophages in M. avium-intracellulare infection exhibited remarkable erythrophagocytotic activity and may represent an end-stage phenotype. They were positive for S100 protein and did not produce lysozyme or alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. They lost the antigen which was detected by monoclonal antibody Mac387 whereas positivity for HLA-DR, CD68 and KI-M8 was preserved. While many lymphocytes expressed CD25 (IL2 receptor) in cases with typical granulomas, there was no such CD25 expression in cases without epithelioid cell formation. Although granulomas have been produced in experimental animals independently of cell-mediated immune mechanisms, our results suggest that T-cell functions are necessary for epithelioid granuloma formation in human tuberculosis.
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PMID:In situ immunophenotype of macrophages and lymphocytes in granuloma formation of tuberculous lymphadenitis in HIV-infected and immunocompetent patients. 189 41

Initial reports of blood T cell subsets in insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus (IDDM) are conflicting and, consequently, difficult to relate to animal models of the disease. To minimize technical artefacts, which may have contributed to previous results, we used direct immunofluorescence on whole blood and counted 3,000 lymphocytes by flow cytometer. Forty-two IDDM patients divided in three groups of 14 according to the disease duration and 12 age and sex matched controls were studied for T3, T4, T8 and HLA-DR expression. No statistically significant differences were found in their total blood lymphocyte counts or in the percentage of T3, T4 and T8 positive cells, although mild lymphopenia was found in the group of long-standing diabetics. The percentage of activated T cells, identified as T3+/DR+ cells, was significantly increased in the groups of patients studied more than a month after diagnosis and in four of 14 patients studied within a month from diagnosis. Seven new onset IDDM patients were studied for co-expression of T8 and Leu 15 antigens (putative suppressor cell phenotype), but no significant differences was found compared with controls. We conclude that T4/T8 ratio abnormalities previously reported in Ficoll separated cells are not reproduced when unseparated cells are analysed by flow cytometry, although the presence of HLA-DR+ T cells is confirmed.
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PMID:T-lymphocyte subpopulations in insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus. 293 83

We examined select immunologic parameters in three recipients of a total artificial heart and correlated changes with the clinical course. Two patients remain alive and were studied for 320 and 240 days, respectively; the third died 10 days after implantation. All patients demonstrated transient complement activation immediately postoperatively, as indicated by an increase in plasma levels of C3a des Arg. In the two long-term survivors, C3a des Arg levels again increased, concomitant with intravascular hemolysis associated with high blood shear rates imposed by the drive system of the heart. All three patients had a marked lymphopenia immediately postoperatively, and the two long-term survivors demonstrated marked fluctuations in total lymphocyte count. There was a progressive decline in the number of peripheral blood helper/inducer T cells in the two long-term survivors. A large number of activated (HLA-DR positive) suppressor/cytotoxic T cells were also noted in these two patients. A progressive decrease in B cells was also observed; however, total IgG and IgM levels were not decreased. No changes in neutrophil phagocytic or respiratory burst capacities were identified. The cause of these changes in lymphocyte populations is not clear; however, they may have impact on the use of this device as a bridge to transplantation and may lead to decreased immunocompetence during long-term use.
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PMID:Alterations in select immunologic parameters following total artificial heart implantation. 356 84

Twenty-four to 48 hours after thermal injury, percentages and number of T X mu or T4 lymphocytes decrease with little or no change in T X gamma or T8 cells. Additionally, the plasma hydrocortisone level is extremely elevated. Since administration of hydrocortisone to normal humans also produces a specific decrease in T X mu or T4 lymphocytes, it was hypothesized that burn induced elevations of hydrocortisone were responsible for the decrease in T X mu/T4 cells. In this study, normal humans were administered constant infusions of hydrocortisone for six hours, such that plasma levels were increased to an extent that mimics those 24 to 48 hours after thermal injury. Before, during and after infusion, percentages and numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes and T3, T4, T8, T11, HLA-DR and Leu7 lymphocytes were quantified by flow cytometry. Results were compared with those for patients with burns. The plasma hydrocortisone level rose to 49.0 micrograms per deciliter during infusion, similar to the mean of 47.5 micrograms per deciliter for patients with burns. Infused volunteers showed significant lymphopenia, monocytopenia and granulocytosis. Additionally, there were significant decreases in percentages of T3, T4 and T11 lymphocytes, no significant changes in percentages of T8 or HLA-DR and an increase in percentages of Leu7+ cells. These changes in lymphocyte subsets mimicked those of burn patients. Numbers of T3, T4 and T11 cells significantly decreased during hydrocortisone infusion while numbers of T8, HLA-DR and Leu7 lymphocytes did not change. Burn patients showed decreased numbers of T3 and T4 cells, but this T3/T4 lymphopenia was not as great as during hydrocortisone infusion. These results support the hypothesis that elevation of hydrocortisone is responsible for the lymphocyte phenotypic changes that occur in the early postburn period.
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PMID:Comparison of numerical and phenotypic leukocyte changes during constant hydrocortisone infusion in normal humans with those in thermally injured patients. 358 6

The immune status of 34 breast cancer patients was investigated by measuring several parameters of peripheral blood lymphocytes--monoclonal antibodies against T cell (Leu-1) and B cell (HLA-DR) antigens, and against cytotoxic/suppressor (Leu-2a) and helper/inducer T cells (Leu-3a); E rosette formation as a T cell marker and surface Ig as a B cell marker; FcIgG receptor expression; and mitogen responsiveness of the peripheral blood lymphocytes to PHA, Con A, and PWM. Most of the patients had normal percentages of B and T cells and T cell subsets but there was a trend to lower percentages of T cells and their subsets in stage IV patients. Due to lymphopenia in stages I and IV and in patients which had received radio- or chemotherapy, the total number of B and T cells and T cell subsets was less in these groups than in the controls. The percentage of FcIgG positive cells was higher in these groups than in controls and therefore the absolute number remained unchanged. In general, a decrease in T cells seems to be indicative of a poor prognosis. Mitogen responsiveness does not have prognostic significance since a patient in stage III, in good general health, had a low mitogenic response and a terminal stage IV patient had a normal mitogenic response.
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PMID:Study of B and T lymphocyte surface markers in breast cancer patients using anti-B and anti-T cell monoclonal antibodies. 661 Aug 35

Fas antigen (CD95) is a membrane-associated molecule that mediates apoptotic cell death and may play a role in the induction and maintenance of T cell tolerance. To elucidate the involvement of Fas antigen in human autoimmune diseases, we analysed Fas antigen expression by peripheral T cells from patients with SLE and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), using three-colour flow cytometry. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from SLE patients expressed Fas antigen in a higher density than did these cells from healthy donors and from RA patients. Enhancement of Fas antigen density was noted in Fas+CD45RO+ memory T cells from SLE patients. More remarkably, a significant expression of Fas antigen was observed in CD45RO- naive T cells from SLE patients. CD4+CD45RO- T cells from SLE patients co-expressed Fas antigen and early to intermediate activation antigens such as CD25 and CD71, and late activation antigen HLA-DR in only FashiCD4+ naive T cells. Such up-regulation of Fas antigen expression in SLE patients seems to be clinically meaningful, because mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of Fas antigen on CD4+ T cell subsets inversely correlates with the absolute size of CD4+ T cell subsets in peripheral blood of SLE patients. These results suggest that T cells with increased Fas antigen expression may be highly susceptible to apoptotic cell death, in vivo. A putative mechanism for lymphopenia in SLE patients is discussed.
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PMID:Up-regulated expression of Fas antigen (CD95) by peripheral naive and memory T cell subsets in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): a possible mechanism for lymphopenia. 753 28

Inflammatory cells in lymph nodes of eighteen patients suffering from culture-proven tuberculous lymphadenitis were examined by histological and immunohistochemical techniques. Ten patients suffered from symptomatic HIV-infection and eight patients were immunocompetent individuals without HIV-1 serology. Characteristic granulomas with or without caseation were observed in eight immunocompetent and four HIV-1-infected patients with less marked lymphopenia of CD4 positive peripheral blood lymphocytes. No epitheloid cell formation was present in lymph nodes of HIV1-infected patients with more severe depression of CD4 positive peripheral blood lymphocyte count. Foamy macrophages were found instead of these cells. While many cells--predominantly lymphocytes--express CD25 (IL-2 receptor) in cases with typical epitheloid granulomas there is no such CD25 expression in cases without any epitheloid cell formation. This result suggest that T cell function is necessary for epitheloid granuloma formation in human tuberculosis. The phenotype of macrophages underwent progressive changes parallel to decreasing numbers of CD4 positive peripheral blood lymphocytes. Foamy macrophages in Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection represented an end-stage phenotype. They were positive for S100 protein and they did not express lysozyme, alpha-1-anti-chymotrypsin, L1 antigen (Mac387) and CD4, whereas positivity for HLA-DR, CD68 and Ki-M8 was preserved. In situ immunohistochemical demonstration of IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-6 revealed that foamy cells in M. tuberculosis infection were highly active effector cells. They contained higher concentrations of the examined cytokines than epitheloid cells in the lesions of HIV+ and HIV-patients. Corresponding to these findings the histological proof of acid-fast bacilli was generally not successful in typical HIV-associated tuberculosis. The foamy appearance may result from the lipid-rich cell membranes of destroyed acid-fast bacilli. In contrast acid-fast bacilli-packed foamy macrophages in AIDS patients with M. avium-intracellulare (MAI) infection did not produce any of the examined cytokines.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical analysis of cell composition and in situ cytokine expression in HIV- and non-HIV-associated tuberculous lymphadenitis. 771 49

Recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) is recognized to be effective in the treatment of anemia in patients on chronic dialysis. However, studies on the influence of r-HuEPO on the immune system are currently limited and inconsistent. In order to clarify the alteration of T and B lymphocyte subpopulations in patients on CAPD following administration of r-HuEPO, the changes in the expression of HLA-DR, IL2R and CD4/CD8 ratio in the peripheral blood of CAPD patients were evaluated using flow cytometry. In addition, the production of immunoglobulins in peripheral lymphocytes by enzyme immunoassays in 30 CAPD outpatients with anemia, who were treated with r-HuEPO in Tokai University Hospital, was also studied. The dose of r-HuEPO was 6,000 IU in 13 patients in group I and 9,000 IU in 17 patients in group II. The r-HuEPO was given subcutaneously once a week for up to 9 weeks. The level of hematocrit increase significantly following treatment with r-HuEPO. The numbers of lymphocytes and their CD4/CD8 ratios in peripheral blood showed no significant changes after administration of r-HuEPO. The count of HLA-DR-positive T lymphocytes increased significantly and the count of IL2R-positive T lymphocytes decreased and normalized after administration of r-HuEPO. In comparison with healthy controls, basal formation of IgG, IgA and IgM was decreased significantly in PBMC from patients on CAPD. Following treatment with r-HuEPO, the production of IgG, IgA and IgM in PBMC from CAPD patients did not show any significant changes. In conclusion, this study suggested that the administration of r-HuEPO altered T lymphocyte function and also corrected anemia in CAPD patients.
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PMID:[Numerical and functional alterations in T and B lymphocyte subpopulations in CAPD patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin]. 781 48

The immune dysfunction in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is complex and cannot be explained solely on the basis of numerical depletion of T lymphocytes. Inappropriate, uncontrolled activation of the immune system may be involved. In a test of this hypothesis, five HIV-infected children were prospectively treated with prednisone and selected immunologic and virologic indices were analyzed. Subjects had marked T lymphopenia (CD4+ T lymphocytes < 500 cells/ml) and antigenemia (serum p24 antigen > 30 pg/ml) and were free of opportunistic infections. There was a significant drop in serum p24 antigen concentrations from baseline (60.2 +/- 10.1% SEM; P < 0.005) 4 weeks after initiation of prednisone, which returned to baseline concentrations as the prednisone was tapered. Concomitant with this decrease, there was decreased expression of cell surface activation markers (HLA-DR, CD25 (interleukin 2 receptor) and CD26 (Ta-1)) in peripheral T lymphocytes. There was no significant change in either T lymphocyte subset numbers or mitogen and antigen-specific lymphoproliferation. A regulatory dysfunction of the immune system, allowing inappropriate activation of T lymphocytes, may be involved in the pathogenesis of HIV disease, and further studies involving selective immunosuppression in HIV disease are warranted.
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PMID:Immunologic and virologic effects of glucocorticoids on human immunodeficiency virus infection in children: a preliminary study. 790 39


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