Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The peripheral blood leucocytes of twenty-four cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) were studied and the findings were compared with those in twenty-five normal health controls of matching age and sex. In the early phases of the disease marked neutrophil leucocytosis was seen which returned to almost normal levels by the fourth week. Lymphopenia was associated with diminished T lymphocytes but the number of B lymphocytes remained within the normal range. Though the number of T lymphocytes was reduced, their function of leucocyte migration inhibition in the presence of JE virus antigen was significantly higher. The phagocytic activity of the neutrophils, as shown by the uptake of neutral red dye, was diminished but the phagocytic activity of monocytes as shown by the uptake of neutral red dye, was diminished but the phagocytic activity of monocytes as shown by the uptake of neutral red dye or ingestion of latex particles remained unaffected. HI antibodies against JE virus were significantly higher in cases of encephalitis as compared with the control group. Thus, JE virus infection in man has a variable effect on different components of the peripheral blood leucocytes.
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PMID:Variable effect on peripheral blood leucocytes during JE virus infection of man. 23 92

The purpose of this study was to characterize varicella in childhood cancer patients. Seventeen of the 77 patients reviewed were in remission and off all therapy for 3 to 22 months. No one in this group died from varicella or had evidence of visceral dissemination. Among the remaining 60 patients, all of whom were receiving anticancer theapy when they developed varicella, 19 (32%) had visceral dissemination and 4 died, for a mortality rate of 7%. Each of the deaths was associated with primary varicella pneumonitis, with or without acute encephalitis. Visceral dissemination was not related to type or status of malignancy or to duration of specific anticancer therapy. Varicella was more likely to disseminate in children with absolute lymphopenia, less than 500 cells per cubic millimeter, than in patients with higher lymphocyte counts. Cessation of anticancer theapy prior to the onset of lesions appeared to lessen the risk of dissemination. These results show that varicella is more severe in cancer patients on therapy than the general population or in patients who have completed therapy, but is not highly fatal.
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PMID:Varicella in children with cancer: Seventy-seven cases. 108 28

The present article describes the clinical and pathological findings in 5 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with muscle toxoplasmosis. The patients had marked lymphopenia (5/5), with less than five CD4+ cells/mm3 (3/3), when they developed fever (5/5), and multiorgan failure (5/5), including diffuse encephalitis, pneumonia, pancytopenia, and myopathy. Muscle involvement included weakness and wasting (4/5), myalgias (3/5), and high serum creatine kinase levels (3/3). Serology for toxoplasmosis showed high IgG titers in 3 patients (3/4). Anti-Toxoplasma therapy resulted in complete recovery in 2 patients. Muscle toxoplasmosis was detected by biopsy (3/5) or postmortem evaluation (2/5), and was identified using immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Toxoplasma cysts were detected in 0.5 to 4% of muscle fibers close to or remote from necrotic fibers and inflammatory infiltrates. Muscle fibers strongly expressed the major histocompatibility complex class I antigen (2/2) as in polymyositis. We suggest that Toxoplasma gondii should be sought by muscle biopsy in patients who have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with fever, encephalitis, multiorgan dysfunction, and elevated serum creatine kinase levels of obscure origin.
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PMID:Skeletal muscle toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a clinical and pathological study. 145 37

Cellular immunological abnormalities were studied in a patient with protein-losing enteropathy associated with constrictive pericarditis. Analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood showed lymphopenia with a decrease of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells, whereas CD8+ lymphocytes, B cells and NK cells were within the normal range. Fecal loss of lymphocytes as a cause of lymphopenia was evidenced by a marked excretion of 111-indium-labeled peripheral blood mononuclear cells via stool. Proliferative responses against several mitogens were severely reduced as was in vitro IgG production. Delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction against a variety of antigens was absent. Vaccination with tick-borne encephalitis virus, used for primary immunization, and with the recall antigen tetanus toxoid resulted in a blunted antibody response. After pericardectomy, the severity of enteric protein loss declined, serum immunoglobulin levels returned to the normal range, and total lymphocytes and CD3+ and CD4+ counts increased but remained low even 12 months after surgery. Fecal loss of lymphocytes was found to be reduced after pericardectomy, but was higher than that seen in a disease control patient with active inflammatory bowel disease. In vitro immunoglobulin production returned to normal, DTH could be demonstrated against purified protein derivative and proteus antigen, but mitogen-driven blastogenic response of lymphocytes remained low. Revaccination with tick-borne encephalitis and tetanus toxoid antigens seven months after surgery resulted in a dramatic increase of serum levels of antibodies against both antigens, comparable to that seen in healthy control individuals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cellular immunodeficiency in protein-losing enteropathy. Predominant reduction of CD3+ and CD4+ lymphocytes. 167 Jun 32

Acute encephalitis caused by Toxoplasma gondii was diagnosed in ten patients in Belgium, the U.S.A., and Canada. None had underlying conditions usually associated with toxoplasmosis. Three had evidence of extraneural infection at necropsy. Nine patients died. Only two of the patients had a history of homosexuality, and one was a heroin addict. Five were Haitian, and four of them had lived in North America for 2-5 years. Eight of the patients had pronounced lymphopenia. Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was hampered by a lack of suspicion that Toxoplasma could be the agent causing necrotising encephalitis in the non-immunocompromised host, the protean manifestations of the encephalitis, and a lack of a specific antibody response. The large number of cases appearing in western Europe and North America emphasise the necessity of including toxoplasmosis in the differential diagnosis of encephalitis of unknown aetiology.
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PMID:Outbreak of central-nervous-system toxoplasmosis in western Europe and North America. 613 29

Inbred rabbits of B/Jas strain were found to be highly susceptible to herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis, following i.v. injection of the virus, while Chbb:HM strain rabbits were not susceptible. The susceptibility trait seemed to be inherited recessively, involving multiple genes, because (B/Jas x Chbb:HM)F1 hybrids were as resistant as Chbb:HM rabbits, and because more than 90% of backcrosses of (B/Jas x Chbb:HM)F1 to B/Jas were resistant to viral inoculation. The encephalitis in B/Jas rabbits resembled human herpes simplex encephalitis, in that the temporal lobe as well as the brain stem were affected preferentially, leading to the development of various types of seizures, such as circling, loss of balance leading to a fall, and tonic and clonic convulsions. The disease could be diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis before onset of seizures, and diseased rabbits showed a marked lymphopenia at onset of seizures.
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PMID:Genetic susceptibility to herpetic encephalitis of inbred rabbits of B/Jas strain. 756 94

The first symptoms of immunooseous dysplasia were growth retardation and myopia. Nephrotic syndrome was diagnosed at the age of 8 years. Skeletal roentgenograms showed spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia. In the renal biopsy there was nodular accumulations of PAS-positive hyaline material at the base of the granular stalks. There was lymphopenia with decreased CD4 and CD8 subpopulations. The condition of the patient gradually worsened until she died unexpectedly at 10 years with clinical symptoms of encephalitis. Autopsy documented cytomegaloviral pneumonia and advanced mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. In the spleen there was PAS-positive hyaline material massively infiltrating the walls of the central arterioles of the splenic follicles. There was marked depletion of lymphocytes in the spleen and in lymph nodes. The differential diagnosis of immunooseous dysplasia in the framework of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia is discussed.
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PMID:Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia with nephrotic syndrome (Schimke immunoosseous dysplasia). 820 84

Pediatric cancer patients treated with multimodal therapy are at a great risk of opportunistic infections or reactivation of latent infections. Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) can serve as an example of such infection, with high seroprevalence in population. In 66 children with cancer and in 45 healthy controls, age matched, the presence of DNA HHV-6 was examined in peripheral blood by the polymerase chain reaction method. HHV-6 serology was also performed. No difference has been found between patients at the time of cancer diagnosis and the group of healthy children in the presence of DNA HHV-6 in blood, 17.4 and 15.6%, respectively. During cytotoxic chemotherapy the presence of HHV-6 in peripheral blood raised to 37.1% in patients with fever. Other parameters and symptoms such as febrile neutropenia, lymphopenia, exanthem, hepatopathy, lymphadenopathy, enteritis, bone marrow aplasia, pneumonitis, and encephalitis were examined in both the HHV-6 positive and HHV-6 negative groups of pediatric cancer patients. Statistically significant differences (p < .05) were found in case of lymphopenia, exanthem, and hepatopathy. In 4 out of 66 patients (6.1%) severe HHV-6 infection has been found: in 3 patients during cytotoxic chemotherapy and in 1 at the time of cancer diagnosis. Reactivation of HHV-6 infection in pediatric cancer patients under treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy is frequent and can lead to severe complications as described in patients after bone marrow or organ transplantation.
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PMID:Human herpesvirus-6 infection in children with cancer. 1050 18

An 11-mo-old captive-bred male neutered bobcat (Felis rufus) presented with lethargy, anorexia, leukopenia, neutropenia, lymphopenia, and nonregenerative anemia. The animal was diagnosed as feline leukemia virus (FeLV) positive by immunofluorescent antibody and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) testing. It died despite supportive care. Pathologic examination revealed multifocal non-suppurative encephalitis, diffuse interstitial pneumonia, multifocal hepatocellular necrosis, non-suppurative peritonitis, and lymphoid depletion. FeLV was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, bone marrow, spleen, and lymph node. FeLV-specific gag sequences were amplified by DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and aligned with known domestic cat FeLV's. The source of the virus was speculated to be a domestic cat that was a surrogate nurse. Case reports of FeLV in nondomestic felids are few, and FeLV does not appear to be enzootic in wild felids, except European wildcats (Felis silvestris) in France and Scotland. Introduction of FeLV into free-living and captive nondomestic felid populations could have serious consequences for their health and survival. Measures to prevent the introduction of this virus to nondomestic felids are warranted.
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PMID:Feline leukemia virus in a captive bobcat. 1127 97

West Nile virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus and human neuropathogen. Since the virus was recognized in New York City in 1999, it has spread rapidly across the United States, with human disease documented in 39 states and the District of Columbia. West Nile virus can cause a broad range of clinical syndromes, including fever, meningitis, encephalitis, and a flaccid paralysis characteristic of a poliomyelitis-like syndrome. Approximately one in 150 infections results in severe neurologic illness. Advanced age is the greatest risk factor for severe neurologic disease, long-term sequelae, and death. Physicians should consider West Nile virus infection when evaluating febrile patients who have unexplained neurologic symptoms, muscle weakness, or erythematous rash during late spring through early fall, or throughout the year in warm climates. West Nile virus infection has no characteristic findings on routine laboratory tests, although anemia, leukocytosis, or lymphopenia may be present. Testing for IgM antibody to West Nile virus in serum or cerebrospinal fluid (samples from the acute and convalescent phases, submitted at least two weeks apart) is the most common diagnostic method. Local or state health departments usually can perform the test within 24 to 36 hours of submission. Treatment is supportive. Prevention relies on comprehensive mosquito-control programs and measures to avoid mosquito bites, including the use of mosquito repellents containing N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide.
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PMID:West Nile virus in the United States: an update on an emerging infectious disease. 1295 82


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