Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty volunteers were inoculated with various doses of human serum containing Phlebotomus fever virus (Sicilian type) to determine their clinical and serologic responses as well as the human infectious dose50 of the virus. All infected subjects developed fever which varied in duration from 6 to 74 hours. The most common symptoms during sandfly fever were headache, anorexia, myalgia, photophobia, low back and retro-orbital pain. Infected individuals developed a marked leukopenia characterized by an initial lymphopenia followed by protracted neutropenia. Little complement fixing antibody was detected in convalescent sera but most subjects developed significant rises in hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies. All infected subjects developed specific neutralizing antibodies with titers ranging from 1:40 to 1:2,560. Of the three serologic tests performed, the plaque reduction neutralization method appears to be the most sensitive test for detecting antibodies to Phlebotomus fever viruses.
 ...
PMID:Clinical and serologic responses of volunteers infected with phlebotomus fever virus (Sicilian type). 18 Aug 44

The author reports the results of studying 311 reactions of lymphocyte blasttransformation, 74 reactions of spontaneous rosette-formation and 186 reactions of plaque-formation in 184 patients with different stages of cervical cancer. It was found that in the tumor progression cell immunity indices are lowered and the degree of the lowering is dependent on the form of tumor growth. Radiotherapy results in the enhancement of autoantibody-formation processes and suppresses the response of lymphocytes to PHA found to be mostly pronounced in patients with advanced cancer. The blasttransformation reaction correlates well with the number of peripheral blood lymphocytes, and during radiotherapy the former slows down before the routinely revealed lymphopenia, that allows using this reaction to prognosticate lymphopenia. The most large amounts of plaque-forming blood cells were detected in patients with radiation injuries of the adjacent to the uterus organs of the small pelvis. Use of lymphocyte blasttrasformation reaction and quantitation of plaque-forming blood cells may provide the grounds for the individual application of radiotherapy for cervical cancer to increase its effectiveness.
 ...
PMID:[Control of the immunological reactivity in cervical cancer in the process of radiation therapy]. 31 45

The effects of Bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) on the in vivo antibody response of mice were investigated. Intravenous injection of DNT at doses of 0.5 and 2.0 ng resulted in a significant suppression of the antibody response both to sheep red blood cells and to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide as measured by plaque-forming cell and hemagglutination assays. Spleen weights of mice given the same doses of DNT were significantly reduced, while the weights of thymuses and mesenteric lymph nodes were not. Numbers of Thy-1,2+ T lymphocytes, L3T4+ T lymphocytes, Lyt-2+ T lymphocytes and surface-immunoglobulin-positive lymphocytes decreased in spleens of the DNT-treated mice. Since the ratio of each lymphocyte population to the total number of splenic lymphocytes was not significantly different between the DNT-treated and non-treated mice, it is unlikely that DNT has a cytotoxic activity or a mitogen activity to some specific population of lymphocytes. Thus, we considered that the immunosuppression was attributable to a dysfunction of the spleen atrophied by the DNT.
 ...
PMID:Bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotizing toxin suppresses in vivo antibody responses in mice. 155 57

Calves held in isolation showed a progressive decline in maternally derived antibody titres to bovine parvovirus but low concentrations of inhibitors resistant to heat and kaolin treatment persisted as the animals matured. These inhibitors had both haemagglutination inhibition and plaque neutralising activity and were considered to be of non-specific origin. Following oral challenge with bovine parvovirus, calves developed mild to moderate diarrhoea, with lymphopenia and viraemia. Sequential virological and immunofluorescent studies showed that the virus initially infected tonsils and intestinal tract, subsequently spreading to systemic lymphoid tissues. Histological and scanning electron microscopic examinations revealed moderate small intestinal villus atrophy and fusion due to crypt damage, together with lymphoid necrosis predominantly associated with the intestinal tract and thymus. Although the disease was not very severe, this may have been because the low parasite burden in the animals reduced mitotic activity in susceptible tissues.
 ...
PMID:Pathological and virological studies of experimental parvoviral enteritis in calves. 298 93

A model for studying the pathogenesis of virulent arenavirus infection was developed by adapting Pichinde virus to produce lethal infections of inbred guinea pigs. This adapted Pichinde virus retained low virulence for primates, thus potentially reducing the biohazard to investigators. Whereas all inbred (strain 13) guinea pigs were infected and killed by 3 plaque-forming units or more of adapted Pichinde virus injected subcutaneously, outbred (Hartley strain) guinea pigs were relatively resistant. All infected, inbred guinea pigs died at 13 to 19 days after inoculation, with viremias in excess of 5 log(10) plaque-forming units/ml, severe lymphopenia (<1,000/mm(3)), and elevated serum glutamic oxaloacetic acid transaminase levels. Immunofluorescent antibody examination of tissues and infectivity titrations of tissue homogenates obtained at 3- to 4-day intervals demonstrated significant viral replication in all visceral tissues examined, but not in brain. Livers of all moribund guinea pigs contained moderate to severe hepatocellular necrosis and diffuse fatty change. Splenic red pulp and adrenal cortical tissues were engorged with blood and contained necrotic foci. Pancreatic acinar tissues were atrophied and vacuolated; lung sections typically contained areas of moderate to severe interstitial pneumonia. Inflammatory cells were conspicuously absent from all lesions. The virological and pathological features of adapted Pichinde infection in guinea pigs are remarkably similar to those described for Lassa virus infections in rhesus monkeys and humans, suggesting that this model might provide insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of Lassa fever in humans.
 ...
PMID:Pathogenesis of a pichinde virus strain adapted to produce lethal infections in guinea pigs. 626 67

An in vivo murine model for immunodeficiency of both B and T cells is produced by continuous intraperitoneal infusion of 2'-deoxycoformycin (DCF), a specific tightly binding inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (ADase; adenosine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.4). After DCF infusion, ADase of thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes was inhibited to varying degrees ranging from 57% to 100%. Immunodeficiency under these conditions was indicated by: (i) a striking decrease in lymphocyte response to the T-cell mitogens concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin; (ii) an impairment of delayed hypersensitivity measured by the footpad reaction; (iii) a decrease in antibody production measured in both in vivo and in vitro plaque-forming cell assay; (iv) a significant prolongation of mouse skin allograft survival after transplantation into the C57BL/6J (H-2b) strain of skin from BALB/c (H-2d) mice; and (v) a marked lymphopenia. Histological examination indicated lymphoid degeneration in the thymus, lymph nodes, and spleen with no alterations in other tissues including bone marrow, kidney, lung, gastrointestinal tract, and liver except for the occurrence of hepatitis. A decrease in the number of Thy-1-positive cells in both spleen and lymph nodes further supported the fact of cytotoxicity of DCF to T cells. Anorexia and weight loss were observed within 5 days of continuous DCF infusion at 0.4 mg/kg body weight per day. These data indicate that this method provides an experimental model for future studies on the biochemical mechanisms responsible for the genetically determined severe combined immunodeficiency disease in man.
 ...
PMID:Animal model for immune dysfunction associated with adenosine deaminase deficiency. 696 8

Immunological status was studied in mice born after induction of the graft-versus-host reaction in mothers. The young mice (under 1 month of age) exhibited lymphopenia, prolonged allogeneic skin graft survival, increased susceptibility to infection with typhoid bacteria, decreased number of plaque-forming cells in the spleen after immunization of mice with sheep red blood cells and Vi-antigen. In 2- to 3-month-old mice the analogous changes in immunity and reduced number of T lymphocytes in the spleen and lymph nodes were seen only in those which developed signs of runt-disease. In old mice immunity to sheep erythrocytes and number of T lymphocytes were reduced; however, responses to Vi-antigen were elevated significantly. Most of old-aged mice had high levels of the serum immunoglobulins and transferrins. In some cases positive antiglobulin tests were revealed.
 ...
PMID:[Immunological disorders in mice born after the induction of the graft versus host reaction in their mothers]. 737 Apr 23

A 4-week study was conducted to shed light on the question of whether compounds impairing immune homeostasis may escape the standard safety testing. Wistar rats were orally treated with cyclosporin A at dosages of 0 (control: olive oil), 1, 5 or 25 mg/kg/day. Ten rats/sex/group (study segment 1) were not immunized while six other rats/sex/group (study segment 2) were immunized 4 days before killing to perform a plaque forming cell (PFC) assay. All rats were subjected to routine safety evaluations (OECD guideline 407) and determination of IgM and IgG serum levels. Other immune parameters were evaluated using cells from spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (segment 1). Effects on safety parameters were similar for immunized and non-immunized rats. A slight decrease of body weight gain (males, 25 mg/kg) accompanied slight clinical chemical and histomorphologic evidence of renal tubulotoxicity. Changes in safety parameters indicative of immune system alterations were: increased thymic corticomedullary ratio (> or = 5 mg/kg) and 25 mg/kg) minimal lymphopenia, low thymus weight, thymic cortical lymphocytolysis and low lymphoid cellularity of spleen and lymph nodes. They were associated with (males at > or = 1 mg/kg) dose-related decreases of T-cell receptor+ and CD4+ cells and increases of CD8+ cells, and decreased PFC (> or = 5 mg/kg) and lymphoproliferative responses to mitogens and alloantigens (25 mg/kg). There were no changes in natural killer activity. The conventional assay identified the drug as a potential immunomodulator. Specific immune assays (phenotyping, PFC) improved the threshold of detection. These results did not support the incorporation of specific immune tests in the standard 4-week study protocol.
 ...
PMID:Extension of the 4-week safety study for detecting immune system impairment appears not necessary: example of cyclosporin A in rats. 884 45

A 58-year-old woman with a 15-year history of chronic plaque psoriasis was diagnosed with gastric marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type. Topical treatment and ultraviolet radiation for therapy of psoriasis had been of limited efficacy. The patient received intravenous treatment with 0.12 mg/kg per day of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CDA) over 5 days for management of MALT lymphoma, as it was resistant to eradication of Helicobacter pylori. A total of six cycles were administered from June 1999 until November 1999 (cumulative dose 244.8 mg 2-CDA). After 2 months of 2-CDA administration, psoriatic skin lesions improved significantly, and after 3 months, complete remission of skin lesions was observed. Ongoing complete remission of the MALT lymphoma could be achieved after six cycles of 2-CDA administration. After a follow-up period of 34 months, no recurrence of psoriatic lesions has occurred. The patient is at present free of psoriatic plaques and gastric MALT lymphoma. The course of disease in our patient provides evidence for sustained therapeutic efficacy of 2-CDA in chronic plaque psoriasis in the absence of severe side effects except asymptomatic lymphopenia.
 ...
PMID:Complete remission of chronic plaque psoriasis and gastric marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type after treatment with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine. 1245 7

Phellinus linteus is a fungus distributed throughout Japan, Korea and China. Boiled water-soluble extracts from P. linteus (PLW) have shown anti-tumor and immunomodulatory properties in experiments done by intraperitoneal treatment, or in in vitro cell cultures. This is the first investigation on how oral administration of PLW influences immune responses. Here, we established immunodeficient mice by mitomycin C (MMC) and then researched how PLW influenced plaque-forming cell (PFC) production and populations of cytokine [interferon- (IFNgamma-) and interleukin-4 (IL-4)]-producing T lymphocytes. PLW samples were administered orally for 19 days (1, 2 or 4 g/kg/day). PFC assay was followed using Jerne's method. IFN- and IL-4-producing T lymphocyte populations were measured by flow-activated cell sorter (FACS). These assays were conducted the day after the last oral administration. MMC groups were given MMC (1 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally for 6 days with PLW administration. The number of PFC per 10(6) spleen cells increased significantly in the PLW (2 g/kg/day) group when compared with the MMC-control (P < 0.05) while populations of IFNgamma- and IL-4-producing T lymphocytes decreased by MMC treatment. However, the PLW group tended to increase more than the MMC-control. Our results indicated that PLW augments the immune response of the spleen in MMC-induced immunodeficient mice.
 ...
PMID:Phellinus linteus Extract Augments the Immune Response in Mitomycin C-Induced Immunodeficient Mice. 1831 53


1 2 Next >>