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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Peripheral blood lymphocytes and leukocyte levels were monitored in 34 patients with bladder carcinoma before, during, and up to 5 years after radiotherapy. Radiotherapy in doses 6500 to 8500 rads caused a marked decline in the numbers of circulating leukocytes and particularly lymphocytes. In patients clinically free of disease for 5 years, lymphocyte counts returned to pretherapy levels within 3 years after radiotherapy. In contrast, in patients with recurrent or residual tumors lymphocyte counts failed to reach pretherapy levels within 3 years after therapy. The rate of recovery from radiation-induced lymphopenia was significantly different for patients who were free of disease as compared to those with recurrent or residual tumor (p less than 0.05). No correlation was found between posttherapy leukocyte levels and clinical status.
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PMID:Clinical status and rate of recovery of blood lymphocyte levels after radiotherapy for bladder cancer. 42 73

The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of mammary carcinoma is reviewed. The indication for postoperative radiotherapy in cases of primary tumors T2 and T3, particularly in the presence of metastatic lymph nodes (N1), is still given. For stage 1 (T1/T2 N0), postoperative radiotherapy may be omitted or can be limited to the lymphatic area which has not been surgically explored. Pre-operative radiotherapy for the more advanced stage (T3/T4 and N2) has proven more effective than postoperative irradiation. Radiotherapy as an exclusive procedure in the sense of a curative, non-mutilating treatment for small breast cancers(T1/T2 NO) provides, if correctly administered, the same 5- and 10-year survival rate at surgical amputation. The arguments against the use of radiotherapy (lymphopenia, diminished immunological reactions, frequency of hematogenic metastases) are discussed.
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PMID:[Contribution of radiotherapy in the local-regional treatment of breast cancer]. 89 44

Two women with Stage II breast carcinoma treated with lumpectomy followed by breast irradiation and adjuvant chemotherapy developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia while receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy. Neither woman had evidence of immunosuppression before therapy. They both had profound lymphopenia, reversed CD4/CD8 ratios, and normal peripheral blood total leukocyte counts at the time of their infections. Both women were seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and had no risk factors for such an infection. The patients' CD4 lymphocyte counts increased after chemotherapy for breast carcinoma was discontinued. Thus, it appears that the therapy they received may have caused severe T-lymphocyte mediated immunosuppression.
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PMID:Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with profound lymphopenia and abnormal T-lymphocyte subset ratios during treatment for early-stage breast carcinoma. 201 44

The authors investigated the effects of radiation therapy on the immune system by studying lymphocyte subsets and other parameters in 32 patients undergoing radiation therapy for solid cancer. With monoclonal antibody techniques, we studied both T- and B-lymphocytes; cell suspensions were analyzed by means of a Facs Spectrum III Ortho (Ortho-Diagnostic) unit. The first control was performed right after the beginning of radiotherapy, when the dose to the patients was 50 Gy or higher. The second control was performed at 40 Gy because all patients received this dose. 30% of the patients exhibited lymphopenia from the beginning of the study; at 40 Gy the number of T-lymphocytes was low and helper/suppressor ratio was altered. A variable response of B-cells was observed, although all patients exhibited restoration of normal values at 6 months. Four patients only suffered from side-effects: a patient with tongue cancer presented oral mycosis, and a woman--treated for breast cancer--presented vaginal mycosis. Two cases of cystitis were also observed, after 18 Gy, in patients with uterine carcinoma undergoing pelvic irradiation. Disease progression was observed in 2 patients with head and neck cancer, while 3 patients died from lung cancer progression. Another one, with head and neck cancer, died because of heart failure.
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PMID:[Influence of radiotherapy on lymphocyte subpopulations]. 202 47

For phase II studies in patients with solid tumors, the National Cancer Institute recommended that the starting dose of fludarabine phosphate be 20 mg/m2/day as a short intravenous infusion for 5 days every 21 days. Twenty-one patients with untreated, advanced, measurable colorectal carcinoma received fludarabine phosphate as a 30-minute infusion at a median dose of 25 mg/m2/day (range 15-35 mg/m2/day) for 5 consecutive days repeated every three weeks. Antitumor response was evaluated following two courses of therapy. No patient achieved complete or partial response. Minor regression of lung metastases occurred for less than 12 weeks in one patient. Therapy was generally well tolerated. Frequent toxicities included lymphopenia, mild nausea and vomiting, mucositis, and anorexia. One patient died of sepsis, bleeding, and progressive disease while she was severely myelosuppressed. Neurotoxicity was not observed in any patient. Fludarabine phosphate at this schedule and dose range is inactive against colorectal carcinoma.
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PMID:Phase II study of fludarabine phosphate in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. 245 66

The peripheral blood lymphocyte counts of 333 patients with a nasopharyngeal carcinoma and 125 control subjects were compared. The mean pretreatment lymphocyte count in the patients was significantly lower than that of the normal controls (P less than 0.0001). Subgroup analysis of absolute lymphocyte counts in different stages of the disease revealed a stage dependent lymphopenia which became significant when the disease was stage III or over (P less than 0.001). Characterization of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in 81 patients and 46 normal control subjects revealed a significant reduction of the absolute Pan T (T11) lymphocytes in the patients (P less than 0.0001). Both the absolute numbers of T helper (T4) and suppressor cells (T8) were reduced in the patients (P less than 0.0001 and less than 0.026, respectively). While the percentage of T4 was reduced (P less than 0.0001), the percentage of T8 was elevated (P less than 0.02), resulting in a reduced T4/T8 ratio (P less than 0.0001). The mean absolute and percentage counts of T11, T8 and B did not correlate with different stages of the disease.
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PMID:Lymphopenia and deranged lymphocyte subsets in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 264 39

The kinetics of lymphocyte migration in 12 pre-treatment patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and three cancer controls in remission were studied with Indium III oxine-labelled autologous lymphocytes. The migratory patterns of the labelled lymphocytes were defined by serial gamma imaging and blood clearance of Indium over 72 h. Once in the systemic circulation the labelled lymphocytes migrated immediately to the liver and spleen. In all the subjects studied the lymphocytes began to migrate out of the liver at 0.5 h, only to return to the organ gradually between 2 and 72 h. In the control subjects the lymphocytes migrated out of the spleen from about 4 h. This coincided with a hump in the peripheral blood clearance curve after about 4 h signifying re-entry of the lymphocytes into the vascular space from the spleen. In the 'early' NPC subjects (Stage I-III) the rate at which the lymphocytes entered the spleen was much reduced from about 4 to 72 h, suggesting a prolonged transit time of the lymphocyte through the organ. However, there were still prominent humps in the blood clearance curves, suggesting significant re-entry of lymphocytes into the vascular space. In the 'late' NPC subjects (Stage IV-V), the activity of the spleen was low between 4 and 72 h and there was continuous sequestration of lymphocytes in the organ. Consequently the humps in the blood clearance curves were much reduced or absent. The activities of the metastatic lymph nodes were intense between 2 and 48 h, suggesting marked sequestration of lymphocytes in the diseased lymph nodes. Migration of lymphocytes in the metastatic area of the liver was notably absent and presented as cold areas on gamma scanning. The sequestration of lymphocytes in the spleen and metastatic lymph nodes in 'early' and 'late' NPC could lead to a contraction of intravascular lymphocyte pool and could explain the stage-dependent lymphopenia reported in NPC.
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PMID:A study of lymphocyte kinetics in nasopharyngeal carcinoma with indium III oxine-labelled lymphocytes. 314 79

A 5-year-old intact male llama (Llama glama) with gastric squamous cell carcinoma and generalized metastasis is presented. Weight loss, anorexia and cachexia were the presenting clinical signs. Abnormal laboratory findings included neutrophilia, lymphopenia, increased serum activity of hepatic enzymes, mildly increased serum urea nitrogen concentration and elevated protein concentration and nucleated cell count in the peritoneal fluid. Fasciola hepatica ova were identified by fecal sedimentation examination. The presence of flukes, as well as carcinoma metastasis, probably contributed to the increased serum hepatic enzyme activity. Similarities to gastric squamous cell carcinoma in the equine and bovine species are discussed. This case suggests that neoplasia, although rarely reported in the llama, must be considered in the differential diagnostic list for anorexia and weight loss in the llama.
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PMID:Gastric squamous cell carcinoma and fascioliasis in a llama. 340 19

Eighty-two patients with squamous cells carcinoma of the oral cavity belonging to stages T1N0M0 and T2N0M0 were randomized to receive either levamisole or placebo therapy following conventional radiotherapy. Oral levamisole, at 150 mg daily doses for three consecutive days, was given once every two weeks. The patients were followed-up for three years and the results reported. Levamisole appears to have some beneficial effect in prolonging the disease-free interval of these patients (44% in the levamisole group compared to 32% in the placebo group after 30 months of therapy). This, however, did not have any effect of the metastatic potential of the tumors. The effects of levamisole on peripheral blood leukocytes and lymphocytes were more promising. The restoration of leukopenia and lymphopenia observed after radiotherapy was faster in the levamisole group when compared to the placebo group.
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PMID:Role of levamisole immunotherapy as an adjuvant to radiotherapy in oral cancer. I. A three-year clinical follow up. 369 3

The peripheral blood lymphocyte count has been measured in 74 cases of histologically proven carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract. The count has been correlated with the pathological stage of tumour spread and the patient's delayed hypersensitivity response to 2.4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). A statistically significant correlation was found between the peripheral blood lymphocyte count and the response to DNCB. There was linear association between the extent of spread of the tumours and the lymphocyte count. Those patients with low peripheral blood lymphocyte counts tended to have more advanced tumours and a poor response to DNCB. The possible causes of this lymphopenia are discussed.
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PMID:Cellular immunity, peripheral blood lymphocyte count and pathological staging of tumours in the gastrointestinal tract. 445 26


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