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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred thirty two patients with disseminated malignant melanoma were treated using a combination of BCNU, vincristine and imidazole carboxamide. A response rate of 23% was observed, while 16% had stable disease. The patients' median survival was 42 months from diagnosis and 5.3 months from the onset of treatment. These results are not significantly different from therapy with imidazole carboxamide alone. Patients on this study were observed to have a significant reduction in the number of lymphocytes in their peripheral blood (mean 1800/mm3, median 1550/mm3). Patients with lymphopenia prior to the onset of therapy (86%) had a similar response rate but a shorter median survival (4.4 months vs. 7.8 months, P = .03) than patients with normal lymphocyte levels. These findings are compatible with recent observations on the importance of host immunocompetence in patients with malignant melanoma. Eosinophil levels were not closely correlated with response, although among patients with eosinophil counts of greater than 300/mm3 (22%), a slightly higher response rate (29%) was observed (P = .13). Eosinophilia did not influence patient survival.
Cancer 1977 Jan
PMID:Combination chemotherapy with bis chloroethyl nitrosourea (BCNU), vincristine and dimethyl triazeno imidazole carboxamide (DTIC) in disseminated malignant melanoma. 83 24

The peripheral blood changes were studied in 67 children who received craniospinal irradiation for posterior fossa tumors. At the completion of a cranial dose of about 3500 rad to the whole brain port, the lymphocytes were reduced to 858/mm3 rom 3084/mm3 preoperatively. The counts of the remaining leukocytes stayed at a level somewhat higher than preoperatively; the eosinophils rose to 288/mm3 from 125/mm3. With the initiation of the spinal field irradiation, which included a large proportion of the total bone marrow, the numbers of all the leukocytes decreased rapidly; the observed leukopenia was mainly secondary to neutropenia. A mechanism that was operating to restore the number of leukocytes became manifest immediately after the completion of radiotherapy, though the number of lymphocytes had not been totally restored to the preoperative level 6 years later. Irradiation of the lymphocytes that circulate through the vascular bed can explain the lymphopenia observed during cranial radiotherapy. Mild leukopenia observed in patients receiving radiotherapy through a relatively small port may be secondary to lymphopenia, and this does not necessarily indicate impaired bone marrow reserves.
Cancer 1977 Sep
PMID:Lymphopenia caused by cranial irradiation in children receiving craniospinal radiotherapy. 90 34

The effect of exogenous sex hormones on the cell mediated response in male and female mice has been studied by measuring the subcutaneous growth of HeLa tumour nodules and the variation in the total lymphocyte count. It was found that oestrogen treated male and female mice experienced a profound lymphopenia which was vary rapid in onset. Concurrent with the lymphopenia there was prolongation of HeLa tumour nodule growth in female mice, but not in males. A lymphopenia occurred in androgen treated male mice with subsequent prolongation of HeLa tumour nodule growth, and a lymphocytosis in female mice, with reduction of HeLa tumour nodule growth.
Br J Cancer 1975 Jan
PMID:The effect of sex hormones on the growth of HeLa tumour nodules in male and female mice. 108 Apr 23

The proportion of T and B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood was determined in patients with either mammary cancer or with various pelvic malignancies. In cancer patients studied prior to irradiation the level of cells forming either E-rosettes or EAC'-rosettes was similar to that found among healthy controls. Radiation therapy resulted in a striking lymphopenia. The level of cells with T-cell markers was diminished to a greater extent than the level of cells with B-cell markers. The relative proportion of T-cells forming high affinity E-rosettes was not reduced following radiation, so that it can be concluded that radiation affects predominantly the subpopulation of T-cells which do not form high affinity E-rosettes. Irradiation of the pelvic area resulted in a more rapid reduction of the level of T lymphocytes than irradiation of the mediastinum, although the final relative proportions of the cells were similar in both groups of patients. The results of the present study suggest that the reduction of the level of T lymphocytes following irradiation results from its effect on the lymphocytes in the major blood vessels, and that radiation of the thymus is not a prerequisite for this phenomenon.
Cancer 1976 Mar
PMID:The effect of radiation therapy on lymphocyte subpopulations in cancer patients. 108 85

Eleven patients with stage-III cancer of the cervix were investigated before, during and after radio-therapy in regard to their state of humoral immunity on the basis of determinations of the serum IgG, IgM and IgA concentration, of hetero- and isoagglutinins, of tetanus antitoxin before and after vaccination with toxoid, of measles antibodies and of the percentage of lymphocyte membrane fluorescence. The cellular immunity of the same patients was investigated by determination of the percentage of spontaneously-rosetting lymphocytes, of skin-test reactivity with DNCB before and after sensitization, of skin-test reactivity with candida, trichophyton, varidase, OT and staphylo antigen. The function of polymorpho-nuclear leucocytes was investigated by means of the NVT test and St. aureus, E. coli and latex particles. All investigations were performed both before, and 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks after the commencement of radiotherapy and the results were compared with those of an operated, non-irradiated group (stages I b and II a). Two types of noteworthy results were observed: 1. A decrease in immunological reactivity, probably in connection with cancer, since this reaction was observed both in irradiated and in non-irradiated cases, characterized by lowered or absent immune answer to tetanus toxoid, lymphopenia, decrease in sensitization to DNCB and less positive skin tests to old tuberculin and varidase. 2. An additional inhibition (although in one investigation stimulation of the immune answer was also seen), probably in connection with radiotherapy, characterized by an additional decrease in immune answer to tetanus toxoid, in skin sensitivity to DNCB sensitization and in tests with old tuberculin, and an augmented lymphopenia, as well as an increase in positive skin tests with varidase. No significant changes were observed with any other method.
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PMID:[Irradiated cases of cervical and breast cancer II. Comparative investigation of the immune status of irradiated cases with stage III cancer of the cervix and operated, non-irradiated cases (author's transl)]. 108 83

Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was evaluated in 82 patients with non-lymphoid tumors by in vivo and in vitro methods. These included skin test with ubiquitous antigens, 2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) sensitization, determination of T and B peripheral blood lymphocytes, and lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The patients were divided into two groups: those with localized and those with disseminated disease (LD and DD). The patients with LD showed no significant differences in CMI when compared with normal controls. The patients with DD showed various defects in CMI when compared with controls and patients with LD. There were significant differences in the response to DNCB, and streptokinase-streptodornase (SK-SD) was the most discriminative of the skin-test antigens. The response to PHA was greatly depressed in patients with DD, whether in the presence of autologous or homologous plasma; in some patients a factor inhibiting to blastogenesis was detected in the serum. In patients with DD, a T-cell lymphopenia was observed. These data showed a correlation between immunocompetence and clinical stage.
Cancer 1976 Sep
PMID:Cell-mediated immunity in patients with carcinoma: correlation between clinical stage and immunocompetence. 108 93

The purpose of this study was to characterize varicella in childhood cancer patients. Seventeen of the 77 patients reviewed were in remission and off all therapy for 3 to 22 months. No one in this group died from varicella or had evidence of visceral dissemination. Among the remaining 60 patients, all of whom were receiving anticancer theapy when they developed varicella, 19 (32%) had visceral dissemination and 4 died, for a mortality rate of 7%. Each of the deaths was associated with primary varicella pneumonitis, with or without acute encephalitis. Visceral dissemination was not related to type or status of malignancy or to duration of specific anticancer therapy. Varicella was more likely to disseminate in children with absolute lymphopenia, less than 500 cells per cubic millimeter, than in patients with higher lymphocyte counts. Cessation of anticancer theapy prior to the onset of lesions appeared to lessen the risk of dissemination. These results show that varicella is more severe in cancer patients on therapy than the general population or in patients who have completed therapy, but is not highly fatal.
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PMID:Varicella in children with cancer: Seventy-seven cases. 108 28

Using a microassay for cellular immunity, tumour specific cytotoxicity was detected in 2/5 cases of ocular melanoma and 1/3 cases of primary cutaneous melanoma before treatment. Reactivity was measured against allogeneic skin melanoma target cells in short or long term in vitro culture. Lymphoid cells from patients with disseminated cutaneous melanoma were either non-reactive (4/8 cases) or gave a nonspecific cytotoxicity on target cells of diverse histogenic origins. Among tumour-free patients tested after surgery, 0/2 patients with ocular tumour were non-reactive 3-4 months post surgery. After sugical excision of cutaneous melanoma 2/2 patients gave tumour specific reactions during the first month after surgery. After longer time intervals, from 5 months to 3 years, only 1/8 patients were reactive. Preoperative radiotherapy in a total skin dose of 10,000 rad produ-ed a transient tumour specific reaction 24 h after therapy in a single case. Following local tumour excision in patients given preoperative irradiation, 2 cases which had previously demonstrated tumour specific CMI lost reactivity. Among 14 tumour-free individuals tested only after preoperative radiotherapy and surgery, at intervals from 5 day to 13 years, a single case gave tumour specific CMI. Palliative irradiation in doses 4000-4960 rad to the inguinal or axillary lymph nodes was found to induce a generalized lymphopenia within 48 h after treatment. Lymphoid cell preparations from patients with localized melanoma contained significantly increased numbers of immature cells (lymphoblasts and myeloblasts) and myeloid precursor elements. Those prepared from patients with disseminated disease had in addition elevated levels of eosinophils but reduced numbers of recoverable lymphocytes.
Br J Cancer 1975 Mar
PMID:The influence of tumour burden and therapy on cellular cytotoxicity responses in patients with ocular and skin melanoma. 115 16

Immunologic studies were performed on 16 patients with thyroid cancer. Circulating leukocyte counts increased, parallel to development of the terminal stage of disease, but total lymphocytes decreased. Serum immunoglobulin and complement were high, even though almost all patients showed negative antithyroid antibodies. Delayed skin hypersensitivity to bacterial and viral antigens and lymphocyte responsivity to PHA were not impaired at the initial stage of disease, but were impaired in terminal illness. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to tumor antigens(s) was measured using the assays of lymphotoxin, migration inhibition factor, and peripheral leukocyte migration inhibition. A few patients showed significant response to tumor antigen, but not to homogenates of Graves' thyroid gland. Active immunotherapy was applied to three patients. Two patients, who were in the terminal stage of illness, could not develop generalized CMI; immunization did not alter the patients' rapid downhill course. One patient developed in vitro evidence of CMI against cancer tissue antigens, associated with decrease in tumor size. Four months after immunization, CMI was impaired in autologous plasma culture, but not in cultures in allogenic normal plasma.
Cancer 1975 Sep
PMID:Immunologic aspects of human thyroid cancer. Humoral and cell-mediated immunity, and a trial of immunotherapy. 118 83

Tumor involvement of the bone marrow in patients with Hodgkin's disease may be suspected in the presence of other manifestations of advanced disease such as fever, lymphopenia, hypoalbuminemia, mixed cellular histologic type, or Stage III or IV disease by other clinical parameters. It occurs more frequently in the older age groups. When anemia, leucopenia, and/or thrombocytopenia are present and are unrelated to recent bone marrow suppressant chemotherapy, marrow involvement is likely to be present. Bone marrow examination, done by multiple trephine biopsies, provides an adequate sampling of tissue and results in a high incidence of detection of involvement by Hodgkin's disease. This manifestation of Hodgkin's disease is associated with a relatively short survival. Aggressive combination chemotherapy is necessary to produce a significant remission.
Cancer 1975 Dec
PMID:Hodgkin's disease in the bone marrow. 120 65


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