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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A spontaneous large granular lymphocyte leukemia from a F344 rat was transplanted to 36 syngeneic recipients to study the interactions among leukemia, T lymphocytes, and the development of immunemediated hemolytic anemia. Six rats were euthanatized at biweekly intervals, and spleen weight, total spleen cellularity, and differential spleen cell counts were correlated with hemograms and osmotic fragility. Sequential changes in splenic architecture were correlated with hematologic parameters. Monoclonal antibodies defining all T lymphocytes (W3/13), T helper-inducer cells (W3/25), and T suppressor cells (OX-8) were used to identify T cells in immunocytochemical techniques on spleen sections, as well as in fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis of spleen cell suspensions. The onset of hemolytic anemic at 7 weeks after transplantation coincided with the first detection of tumor cells in the spleen and peripheral blood. Tumor cells first accumulated in the marginal zones, and then they infiltrated the red pulp sinusoids. Although the leukemia caused dispersion of the splenic lymphoid tissue, there was no significant lymphopenia, and the relative number of helper (W3/25+) and suppressor (OX-8+) lymphocytes did not change. Because the induction of anemia was a relatively early event in splenic involvement, we concluded that anemia was unrelated to disruption of lymphoid architecture; furthermore, it does not appear to be caused by changes in the numbers of regulatory T lymphocytes.
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PMID:Spleen cell population changes and hemolytic anemia in F344 rats with large granular lymphocyte leukemia. 214 94

Healthy adult volunteers were inoculated intranasally with human parvovirus obtained from an asymptomatic blood donor. One week after inoculation, intense viremia was observed in seronegative volunteers, accompanied by a mild illness with pyrexia, malaise, myalgia, itching, and excretion of virus from the respiratory tract. In the following week hematologic studies revealed reticulocytopenia with an associated slight drop in hemoglobin concentration, lymphopenia, neutropenia, and a drop in platelet counts. At 17-18 days after inoculation a second-phase illness with rash and arthralgia lasting three to four days occurred in three of four infected volunteers. This study confirms the etiologic role of human parvovirus in erythematous rash illness, with the second-phase illness being consistent with adult cases of erythema infectiosum. Moreover, the hematologic changes associated with infection support the hypothesis that the same virus is responsible for the temporary arrest of erythropoiesis that leads to aplastic crisis in persons with chronic hemolytic anemia.
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PMID:Experimental parvoviral infection in humans. 299 31

A previously well young woman presented with an acute hepatitis resembling viral hepatitis and a liver biopsy after 5 weeks showed features of acute hepatitis. Infection with identifiable viruses or other organisms known to cause hepatitis was excluded. Evidence for autoimmune chronic active hepatitis ab initio included prolonged fever, lymphadenopathy, urticaria, arthralgia, Coombs' positive hemolytic anemia, lymphopenia, a markedly raised level of immunoglobulin G and a positive antinuclear antibody test. Liver biopsies after 4 and 28 months showed typical histologic features of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis and the subsequent clinical course was typical, being marked by relapses and remissions responsive to prednisolone. Thus, described here is a woman in whom an acute onset of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis was clinically and histologically identified.
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PMID:'Acute' autoimmune hepatitis. 375 17

The maturing reticulocyte degrades ribosomal RNA to constituent ribonucleoside phosphates. Guanosine ribonucleotides are retained only in small amounts and pyrimidine ribonucleotides only in trace quantities. In the mature erythrocyte more than 97% of total nucleotides are the interconvertible adenosine mono-, di-, and triphosphates. High energy ATP fuels most of the reactions required to sustain viability. Unable to synthesize adenosine phosphates from small precursor molecules, the red cell relies on certain salvage pathways to replenish its losses from the adenosine phosphate pool. The most important of these involve adenosine. Adenylate kinase deficiency, when severe, is associated with nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. A genetically-determined deficiency of pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase prevents the normal dephosphorylation of pyrimidine ribonucleotides, and hence is characterized by the unique accumulation of pyrimidine phosphates intracellularly. Other features are chronic hemolytic anemia, splenomegaly, and a profound increase in basophilic stippling on the stained blood film. The syndrome is transmitted as an autosomal recessive disorder. A similar syndrome is found in severe lead poisoning as a consequence of nucleotidase inhibition by lead. An inherited, dominantly transmitted hemolytic anemia associated with low red cell ATP and a 45-70 fold increase in the enzymatic activity of adenosine deaminase has also been documented. The undefined molecular lesion appears to involve overproduction of an entirely normal enzyme protein. Severe deficiency of either of two sequential enzymes of purine metabolism, adenosine deaminase anemia, but by excessive accumulations of deoxyribonucleotides within red cells and lymphocytes. The clinical counterpart of each is a severe immunodeficiency state secondary to lymphopenia and lymphocyte dysfunction. Certain other rare clinical syndromes involving disturbed nucleotide metabolism also are detectable by red cell assay procedures.
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PMID:Erythrocyte disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism. 625 19

Complete hemograms were evaluated for 57 rats with mononuclear cell leukemia and compared to hemograms obtained from 52 age- and sex-matched nonleukemic rats. All leukemic rats had marked hemolytic anemia and associated spherocytosis, reticulocytosis, anisocytosis, and polychromasia. The anemia varied with the stage of illness and was more severe in rts with advanced leukemia. Death appeared to be related to anemia. There was a marked neutrophilia with left shift, mild lymphopenia, and moderate to severe thrombocytopenia. Atypical mononuclear cells were detected in circulation in all but three rats. Total white blood cell counts ranged from 5.0-370 x 10(3) cells/ml. There was an increase in erythrocyte osmotic fragility with separation into two distinct populations of erythrocytes. Eight of nine rats were Coombs' positive indicating an immune-mediated pathogenesis for the anemia. Hemostasis tests revealed a markedly prolonged prothrombin time, hypofibrinogenemia, slightly increased to normal partial thromboplastin time, and undetected fibrin degradation products. These findings suggest significant liver disease associated with the leukemia.
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PMID:Pathology of the mononuclear cell leukemia of Fischer rats. II. Hematology. 664 39

After intraperitoneal injections of 2.5% aqueous methylcellulose twice a week for 15 weeks gerbils showed a mild haemolytic anaemia, heterophilia, lymphopenia and monocytosis. Many monocytes and a few lymphocytes had a foamy vacuolated cytoplasm. There was a sequestration of methylcellulose in the phagocytic cells of the spleen, liver, bone marrow and in other scattered foci, and consistent storage in the glomerular endothelium. Myeloid metaplasia was noted in the spleen, and splenic weights were markedly increased (P Less than 0.05); hepatomegaly was also present. The survival at the end of 15 weeks was 60%. From this experiment, the gerbil is considered to be a potential model for a stimulated monocyte-macrophage system.
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PMID:The Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus): its histological and haematological response to methylcellulose. 727 14

Very few data on the frequency and diversity of haematological abnormalities occurring in brucellosis in children have been reported. In the present study 110 children (56 boys and 54 girls; age range, 2 months to 14 years) with proven brucellosis were investigated to determine the haematological changes during the active course of this infection. Anaemia was detected in 48 (44%) patients, of whom four had evidence of haemolysis. Leukopenia occurred in 33% of the cases, with neutropenia and/or lymphopenia being the most striking features encountered. Thrombocytopenia was found in six (5%) patients and pancytopenia in 15 (14%) patients, of whom one developed disseminated intravascular coagulation. Clinically detectable bleeding occurred in five (4.5%) patients whose platelet counts were significantly low. Hypersplenism, haemophagocytosis and granulomatous lesions of the bone marrow appear to play a fundamental role in producing these abnormalities of the peripheral blood. Brucellosis may be considered in patients whose blood picture reveals haemolytic anaemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia or pancytopenia, particularly when the disease is epidemiologically suspected.
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PMID:Haematological manifestations of childhood brucellosis. 844 76

We investigated whether, in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the CD45 isoforms expression on peripheral blood T-lymphocytes (T-PBL) is related to the auto-immune processes and hematological manifestations. The CD45RA/RO patterns of CD4+ and CD8 bright+ T-PBL were determined by three-colour flow cytometry. The serum levels of anti-nuclear (ANA), anti-double stranded DNA (ds DNA) and anti-cardiolipin (CL) autoantibodies were quantified by ELISA. The hematological parameters were routinely assessed. 72% of SLE patients (n = 29) had reduced lymphocyte counts, which correlated with more severe physician's assessment of disease activity, increased ANA and anti-ds DNA auto-antibodies. The lymphopenia preferentially affected the CD4+ T-PBL and, among them, the "naive" CD45RA+, RO- cells. Thus, compared with healthy women (n = 29), SLE patients had less naive and more "transient" CD45RA+, RO+ cells among CD4+ T-PBL. Meanwhile, on average, the CD45 isoforms expression on CD8+ T-PBL was unchanged. Interestingly, in 3 patients who were repeatedly evaluated, increases of transient CD8+ T-PBL paralleled the elevation of anti-ds DNA. In addition, high anti-CL was associated with more transient CD4+ and CD8+ T-PBL. The loss of naive and increase of transient CD8+ T-PBL was associated with increased disease activity and possibly hemolytic anemia. Thus, in SLE, the enhanced phenotypic switch from naive CD45RA+, RO- to "memory" CD45RO+ T-PBL patterns paralleled the auto-immune processes characteristic of this disease.
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PMID:CD45 isoforms expression on CD4+ and CD8+ peripheral blood T-lymphocytes is related to auto-immune processes and hematological manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus. 894 97

The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of the FcgammaRlla and FcgammaRIIIa polymorphisms and their association with clinical manifestations in Korean lupus patients. Three hundred SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus) patients (48 male, 252 female) meeting 1982 ACR criteria and 197 Korean disease-free controls were enrolled. Genotyping for FcgammaRlla 131 R/H and FcgammaRIIIa 176 F/V was performed by PCR of genomic DNA using allele-specific primers and the FcgammaRIIIa genotype was confirmed by direct sequencing of PCR product in some cases. There was significant skewing in the distribution of the three FcgammaRIIa genotypes between the SLE and the controls (P=0.002 for R/R131 vs R/H131 and H/H131, OR 2.5 (95% Cl 1.4-4.5), but not in FcgammaRIIIa genotypes. FcgammaRIIa-R allele was a significant predictor of lupus nephritis, as compared with SLE patients without nephritis (P=0.034 for R131 vs H131, OR 1.4 (95% Cl 1.03-1.9)), but proliferative nephritis (WHO class III and IV) was less common in patients with FcgammaRlla-R/R131 and in FcgammaRIIa-R allele. In 300 SLE patients, high binding allele combination H131/V176 was less common in SLE with nephritis than in SLE without nephritis. Hemolytic anemia was less common in R131/F176 allele combination among four FcgammaRIIa/FcgammaRIIIa allelic combinations. Male SLE patients showed a higher frequency of renal involvement, serositis, thrombocytopenia, malar rash and discoid rash than female SLE, and male SLE had a higher frequency of FcgammaRIIa-R/R131 or R131-allele than male controls, but FcgammaRIIa or FcgammaRIIIa genotypes had no association with renal involvement in male SLE patients. FcgammaRIIa-H/H131 showed a higher frequency of hemolytic anemia and less pulmonary complications in male SLE. Female SLE patients showed higher frequency of any hematologic abnormality, lymphopenia, anticardiolipin antibody (+) and anti-Ro antibody (+) than male SLE, and had earlier onset of first symptoms. There was no skewing in FcgammaRIIa or FcgammaRIIIa genotypes between female SLE and female controls, but FcgammaRIIa-R131 allele showed skewing between female SLE with nephritis and female SLE without nephritis. The age at onset of thrombocytopenia was earlier in FcgammaRIIa R/R131 among three FcgammaRIIa genotypes, and serositis in FcgammaRIIIa-F/F176 among three FcgammaRIIIa genotypes. FcgammaRIIa-R131 homozygote was a major predisposing factor to the development of SLE and FcgammaRIIa-RI31 homozygote and R131 allele were a predisposing factor, and H131/V176 was a protective allele combination in lupus nephritis. In contrast to other ethnic patients, in our study cohort, clinical manifestation was different between male and female, and FcgammaRIIa and FcgammaRIIIa showed somewhat different clinical associations between the genders.
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PMID:FcgammaRIIa/IIIa polymorphism and its association with clinical manifestations in Korean lupus patients. 1148 Aug 43

Haematological abnormalities are frequently encountered in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Anaemia is the most common hematological abnormality in SLE, it is multifactorial. The most common form of anaemia is that of chronic disease, and it is relate with inflammatory cytokines. Other tips of anaemia are: iron deficiency anaemia, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, pure red cell aplasia. Leucopenia is related to neutropenia and/or lymphopenia. Thrombocytopenia is common, autoimmune and associated with a decreased survival. The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies increase risk of thrombosis in patients with SLE.
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PMID:[Hematological abnormalities in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus]. 1248


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