Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of recombinant DNA-produced leukocyte interferon (IFLrA) were studied in 37 patients with metastatic cancer who received sequentially escalating doses of 9-86 million units (MU) of IFLrA by im injection twice weekly. The IFLrA was absorbed rapidly and reached a peak serum concentration 6-8 hours after injection. Serum concentration of IFLrA increased proportionately with the dose. The most common side effects included fever, chills, asthenia, anorexia, and weight loss, and leukopenia, granulocytopenia, and lymphopenia occurred frequently. Elevation of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase was frequent above doses of 50 MU. All side effects were reversible by discontinuation of the drug. Antibodies to IFLrA were detected in 3 patients while on treatment. The presence of antibodies coincided with drastic reduction in serum IFLrA concentration and, in 1 patient, with relapse of disease. Objective tumor responses were documented in patients with lymphomas but not in other groups of patients.
 ...
PMID:Clinical study of recombinant DNA-produced leukocyte interferon (clone A) in a intermittent schedule in cancer patients. 619 33

9-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine 5'-monophosphate (NSC 312887) is a new purine antimetabolite that has been evaluated in a Phase I clinical trial. The schedule of administration consisted of a single i.v. infusion over a period of 30 min once each day for 5 consecutive days, repeated at 4-week intervals. Thirteen patients received 30 courses of the drug in a dose range of 18 to 40 mg/sq m/day. Granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia were dose limiting. Repeated courses produced similar degrees of granulocytopenia, but in 7 of 7 patients receiving 2 or more courses, the degree of thrombocytopenia was less severe during the first than during subsequent courses. Myelosuppression in humans was more severe than predicted from the mouse model. Lymphopenia was profound at all dose levels, but reversed within 3 weeks. Somnolence occurred during infusion in 8 of 13 patients, but quickly cleared after the infusion was completed. The infused drug was rapidly dephosphorylated in plasma and then cleared so there was no cumulation of drug in plasma when it was rapidly infused once each day in these doses. Phase II studies of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine 5'-monophosphate are planned at a starting dose of 18 mg/ sq m/day for patients with prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy and 25 mg/sq m/day for those without prior therapy, as a single dose on each of 5 consecutive days repeated at 21- to 28-day intervals.
 ...
PMID:Phase I clinical investigation of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine 5'-monophosphate (NSC 312887), a new purine antimetabolite. 620 52

A syndrome of acquired immunodeficiency has been identified in a group of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) which died at the California Primate Research Center. Clinical evaluation of these animals revealed that 50% or more had lymphadenopathy, weight loss, and diarrhea. At least 30% had splenomegaly, fever, cutaneous abscesses and/or arthritis/myositis. Two animals had fibrosarcomas. Anemia was seen in 19 animals, lymphopenia in 14, granulocytopenia in four and thrombocytopenia in three. Hepatitis was diagnosed histopathologically in 13. Electrophoresis revealed hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia and hypogammaglobulinemia. Numerous bacterial, protozoal, and viral agents were identified including cytomegalovirus and leukocyte-associated herpesvirus. Pathologic lesions included severe post-reactive depletion of lymphocytes in germinal centers and paracortical regions of lymph nodes. Clinical and pathologic changes indicate an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome which has some similarities to AIDS in humans. This disease in monkeys may provide a model for studying that disease.
 ...
PMID:Clinical features of simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS) in rhesus monkeys. 632 13

Some in vivo biological activities of a purified erythrogenic toxin preparation from strain NY-5 of group A streptococci (ET NY-5) were studied. After intracutaneous administration in a dose of minimally 5 X 10(-8) mg, the toxin provoked a skin reaction in old guinea pigs. No skin reaction could be elicited in young adult rabbits. ET NY-5 was pyrogenic for rabbits; the MPD-4 amounted to 0.017 microgram/kg intravenously. The pyretic response had a delayed onset and then rose gradually up to hour 5 postinjection. Intravenous administration led to changes in circulating leukocyte counts, viz. brisk acute granulocytopenia and protracted lymphopenia. The method of pyrogenic cross tolerance revealed that ET NY-5 contains two types of pyrogenic exotoxin, A and C.
 ...
PMID:Purification and characterization of erythrogenic toxins. II. Communication: in vivo biological activities of erythrogenic toxin produced by streptococcus pyogenes strain ny-5. 701 58

A total of 59 infections were encountered in 29/46 patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Most infections arose in the urinary tract (31%), respiratory tract (29%), followed by blood (12%), oropharynx (12%), skin and soft tissue (7%). Gram-negative bacilli were identified in 51% of infections, most common being Enterobacteriaceae and Haemophilus influenzae. Gram-positive organisms were responsible for 7% of infections. 24% of patients with urinary tract infections had signs of cord compression Absolute lymphopenia was common, and was seen in 65% of patients with urinary infections, 75% of respiratory infections, and 86% of septicemic patients. In contrast, granulocytopenia was mainly observed in patients with septicemia (71%), followed by those with respiratory infections (31%). All patients were on cytotoxic chemotherapy, and most were hypoglobulinemic. About one third of septicemias, and one half of urinary and respiratory infections, respectively, were hospital-acquired. Results indicate that the current pattern of infections in MM seems to favor gram-negative organisms. The role of predisposing factors in the pathogenesis of infections in these patients is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Changing patterns of infections in patients with multiple myeloma. 706 64

The effect of a single dose of the cytotoxic drug cyclophosphamide on the severity of acute myocardial infarction in conscious rats has been studied. One and 4 days after the i.p. injection of 100 mg kg-1 of the drug, the survival rate of rats subjected to coronary ligation was significantly increased. The occurrence of fatal arrhythmias was markedly reduced. The peripheral white blood cell count was profoundly lowered. On the first day after pretreatment, moderate granulocytosis with severe lymphopenia occurred. Four days following the administration of cyclophosphamide, marked granulocytopenia also ensued. In this stage, restoration of white blood cell count by cell suspension prepared from the spleen of normal rats did not significantly affect the cardioprotective effect of cyclophosphamide. The data provide additional evidence that protein synthesis is involved in the early phase of myocardial infarction. The significance of leukocytes in the phenomenon is briefly discussed.
 ...
PMID:Effect of cyclophosphamide on the acute phase of experimental myocardial infarction in rats. 734 27

Transient granulocytopenia and lymphopenia may occur in acute alcoholics without splenomegaly, cirrhosis, infection, and megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency. The bone marrow in granulocytopenic patients is frequently hypocellular with few mature granulocytes, and the functional marrow granulocyte reserve is reduced. These findings suggest a depressed granulopoietic activity in these patients. The mechanism by which alcohol suppresses granulopoiesis remains unclear. Direct toxicity of alcohol on granulopoietic stem cells and increased individual susceptibility to the toxic effect of alcohol may be important factors. Alcohol also causes functional impairment of granulocytes (adherence, motility, and chemotaxis), macrophages (motility and phagocytosis), and lymphocytes (blastogenic transformation and development of delayed dermal hypersensitivity reaction), probably by perturbation of the cell membrane resulting in an increased intracellular cyclic AMP level.
 ...
PMID:Effects of alcohol on granulocytes and lymphocytes. 737 52

Infusion of endotoxin elicits lymphopenia and a transient granulocytopenia followed by granulocytosis in peripheral blood. The purpose of this study was to investigate which tissues the lymphocytes are redistributed to in response to endotoxaemia. Lymphocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood of 20 rabbits, labelled with 111Indium-tropolene and reinjected intravenously into the rabbits. Ten rabbits received an infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin 2 micrograms/kg-1, while 10 rabbits received isotonic saline and served as a control group. The redistribution of lymphocytes was imaged with a gamma camera, and calculated with an interfaced computer before, and 2, 4 and 6 h after infusion of endotoxin or saline. Interleukin-1 beta and serum cortisol were measured. Following endotoxaemia the lymphocytes in peripheral blood decreased from 1.95 10(9)/l to 0.83 6 h later. Interleukin-1 beta and serum cortisol increased significantly. The radioactivity of labelled cells in the spleen and in the heart and lungs decreased to 83.3% and 87.8% of initial values respectively, 6 h after infusion of endotoxin. The radioactivity of the lymphatic tissue in and around the intestine increased to 128.8% of initial values. The results indicate that endotoxaemia induces redistribution of lymphocytes from peripheral blood and spleen to lymphatic tissue.
 ...
PMID:Redistribution of lymphocytes following E. coli sepsis. 825 12

The effects of 3-hydroxypyridin-4-one (HPO) iron chelators and desferrioxamine (DFO) on murine hemopoiesis in vivo and in vitro have been compared in order to investigate the mechanism by which leucopenia in mice and granulocytopenia in man occurs with 1,2-,dimethyl-HPO (CP20). Administration of 60 doses of 200 mg/kg CP20 to Balb/c mice resulted in significant anemia, lymphopenia and granulocytopenia accompanied by bone marrow hypocellularity. DFO and CP94 (1,2,diethyl-HPO) at the same dose also caused lymphopenia but marrow cellularity was unaffected. When marrow from untreated mice was incubated with HPOs and DFO, erythroid burst-forming cells (BFU-E) and granulocyte/macrophage colony forming units (CFU-G+Mac), colony growth was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner at micromolar concentrations. The addition of iron to saturate the chelators abrogated the effects of DFO, but not those of the HPOs. With the HPO-iron complexes, addition of sufficient iron to saturate the transferrin in the medium reversed the inhibitory effects of the relatively hydrophilic CP20-iron complex but not those of the more lipophilic CP94-iron complex. Addition of further iron-saturated transferrin also corrected inhibition by the CP94-iron complex. These results show that HPO-iron complexes potentially have antiproliferative effects unlike DFO-iron complex (FO). The difference in the relative effects of CP20 to CP94 on hemopoiesis in vivo and in vitro suggests that additional factors to those inhibiting hemopoiesis in marrow cultures may operate with the long-term administration of iron chelators in vivo.
 ...
PMID:In vivo and in vitro effects of 3-hydroxypyridin-4-one chelators on murine hemopoiesis. 841 63

Anti-CD3 antibodies induce a quick and profound depletion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) that is not well understood. We studied the effect of OKT3, a mouse monoclonal antibody against the human CD3 complex, on the in vitro adhesion of human PBMCs to monolayers of fresh and fixed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). OKT3 induced an increased adhesiveness of PBMCs. This phenomenon was blocked with anti-CD18 antibodies, indicating the participation of beta 2 integrins. As this increased adhesiveness could explain the lymphopenia by adhesion of PBMCs to endothelial cells and their sequestration in some peripheral vascular beds, we studied the effect of anti-CD18 antibodies in vivo on mice injected with 145/2C11, a hamster monoclonal antibody against murine CD3. Mice treated with 145/2C11 presented with a transient granulocytopenia and a sustained reduction in PBMCs. A monoclonal anti-CD18 antibody prevented the granulocytopenia but had no effect on the drop in PBMCs. Consequently, the in vivo depletion of PBMCs after administration of an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody involves CD18-independent mechanisms, while the transient drop in polymorphonuclear cells appears to be CD18-dependent.
 ...
PMID:Role of CD18-dependent and CD18-independent mechanisms in the increased leukocyte adhesiveness and in the variations of circulating white blood cell populations induced by anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies. 881 75


<< Previous 1 2 3 Next >>