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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Immune responses to heat-killed Brucella abortus strain 19 and to ovalbumin were compared in 15 fluke-infected and 15 fluke-free Friesian heifers. B abortus was injected 16 weeks and ovalbumin 19 weeks after the oral administration of 1000 metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica. Agglutinating antibody responses to B abortus were similar in both groups. Immediate type hypersensitivity to ovalbumin was apparently suppressed in fluke-infected animals when assessed by active and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis two weeks after sensitisation. However, when assessed by Schultz-Dale responses of intestine, in vitro, 36 weeks after sensitisation there was no difference between the groups. The heifers were subsequently given live Salmonella dublin intravenously. The fluke-infected animals which became carriers of S dublin had the most persistently elevated titres of agglutinating antibodies in their sera and the highest incidence of immediate-type hypersensitivity, as assessed by Schultz-Dale responses of intestine, but the weakest cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity reactions to S dublin. The latter might have been related to lymphopenia which developed after fluke infection. The increased susceptibility of fluke-infected cattle to S dublin cannot be attributed to impaired agglutinin responses but may result from effects on cell-mediated mechanisms.
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PMID:Immunological responses of fluke-infected and fluke-free cattle to Salmonella dublin and other antigens. 12 May 72

Whole-body X-ray treatment was experimentally applied (380 median-line dosage) to eight Merino mutton sheep aged approximately one year. Five of the test animals were lost between 16 and 25 days after irradiation. A great diversity of pathomorphological changes was recorded from organs and tissues, and the most important pathological processes which occurred concomitantly with acute to subacute radiation syndrome of sheep were defective haematopoiesis, septico-toxic processes, haemorrhagic diathesis, and partial epilation. Severe damage to the organs involved in haematopoiesis was one of the primary pathological processes and reflected mainly in lymphopenia, agranulocytosis, and thrombocytopenia, in other words, with lymphopoieses, granulopoiesis, and thrombocytopoiesis particularly involved. Insufficiency of cellular (and humoral) defence would obviously cause germ flooding of the organism, starting from the intestine, and eventually lead to septic intoxication. Haemorrhagic diathesis was found to occur only short of death and is thought to result from thrombocytopenia due to damage to thrombopoiesis as well as from septico-toxic effects upon the blood coagulation and partitioning vascular system. Loss of wool (epilation) was recordable only from neck and shoulder regions, and even there it was on the decline.
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PMID:[Pathomorphology of radiation sickness in sheep following whole body roentgen irradiation]. 72 69

Here are the most important pathomorphological findings recorded from 14 calves or heads of young cattle following whole-body X-ray treatment (170 R and u50 R median-line dosage): 1. Damage was caused to the haematopoietic system, with the most severe effects on granulopoiesis, thrombocytopoiesis, and lymphopoiesis, but less conspicuous lesion of erythropoiesis. 2. Haemorrhagic diathesis developed together with pneumonia in 86 per cent of all cases, manifested in most of them as severe fibrinous pneumonia and pleuropneumonia (in 75 per cent of the cases) and progressing pericarditis. 3. Liver degeneration occurred to all animals, usually in the form of centrobular liver cell necrobiosis (86 per cent), with most of the cases accompanied by diffuse degenerative hepatoparenchymal damage (80 per cent) as well as by granular degeneration of the myocardium and acute fubulonephrosis, the latter two processes obviously developing only short time before death. 4. Catarrhal as well as fibrinous and circumscribed diphtheroid enteritis developed in 43 per cent of all animals, those which had received a median-line dosage of 170 R. 5. Deficiency in supply was recorded, too, with severe damage to the haematopoietic organs being in the focus of the pathological process. That damage actually was the cause of the haematologically established granulocytopenia or agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and lymphopenia. That was the background against which radiation syndrome of calf could be accompanied by activation of latent or subclinical infection of respiratory organs and the development of severe pneumonia as well as by changes in the intestinal flora leading to the outbreak of enteritis. The collapse of cellular defence mechanisms obviously caused intestinal induction of resorption of bacterial toxins and decomposed tissue products, with the pneumonia-damaged lungs being involved. The results eventually were intoxication with haemodynamic disorders, increase in vascular permeability, and degenerative damage to the parenchyma. Haemorrhagic diathesis was the result of thrombocytopenia and, possibly, endotoxic or toxic damage to the coagulation and blood vessel system. Further pathogenetic aspects relating to the radiation syndrome in calf and young cattle are discussed.
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PMID:[Pathomorphology and pathogenesis of radiation sickness in calves and young cattle following whole body roentgen irradiation]. 72 76

Antibiotic 1719 administered intravenously to rats in a single dose of 6.0 mg/kg induced a transitory decrease in the number of myelocariocytes on the 2nd-5th day of its use mainly at the account of decreased numbers of lymphoid elements. Simultaneously momentory leucopenia (granulocytopenia) and more stable lymphopenia were observed. When the antibiotic was administered intravenously to dogs in a dose of 0.9 mg/kg 4 times and in a dose of 0.4 mg/kg 40 times, an insignificant decrease in the number of myelocarlocytes was noted. Leucopenia, lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia in the peripheral blood almost completely disappeared after discontinuation of the preparation administration. Leucocytosis (granulocytosis), lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia were registered in the dogs and rabbits treated with the antibiotic in doses of 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg 3 and 11 times respectively. When the antibiotic was added to the rabbit blood serum in concentrations of 0.5-5 gamma/ml, 70 to 80 per cent of the preparation bound with the blood proteins. After a single intravenous administration of antibiotic 1719 to rabbits in doses of 10 and 15 mg/kg, it was detected in the blood only for 5 to 15 minutes after the administration in concentrations not exceeding 0.3 and 0.5 gamma/ml. The antibiotic penetrated into all organs in small amounts and persisted there for 1.5 to 3 hours after the administration. The antibiotic was excreted with the bile in amounts of 0.3-0.5 per cent of the dose administered for 1 to 2 hours after a single administration. The antibiotic was excreted with the urine for 3-4 hours after the administration in amounts of 3.5 per cent after a single administration and 60-72 per cent after multiple administrations.
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PMID:[Action of antibiotic 1719 from a group of diazo compounds on hematopoiesis in laboratory animals and its pharmacokinetics]. 112 24

From 1967 to 1972, 70 patients with aplastic anemia were observed and followed up to death or at least two years. 3 cases of pure red cell anemia, and 2 cases of amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia are included. Detailed investigation of drugs taken within 6 months before onset of the disease revealed chloramphenicol in 20, butazones in 11 cases. Acute viral hepatitis preceded the hemopoietic failure in 2 patients. In addition to various combinations of anemia, granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia, monocytes were diminished in 35 and lymphocytes in 12 cases. Acid serum or sucrose tests were consistently negative. The patients were treated by short-term prednisone, long-term androgens and red cell and platelet substitution as needed. 2 years after onset of the disease, 33 per cent were in partial or complete remission, 30 per cent survived without remission, and 35 per cent had decreased. Correlation of various parameters with remission and survival showed the presence of a subgroup at risque, comprising patients with low marrow cellularity and clinically relevant diminution of all three cell lines at the time of diagnosis. Absolute lymphopenia and increase of plasma cells in the bone marrow were of poor prognostic significance. In this subgroup two years after the onset of the disease only 32 percent survivors and 16 per cent remissions were recorded. There was no conclusive evidence for the therapeutic value of prednisone or androgens in our series. The present situation in severe aplastic anemia requires more effective forms of treatment and justifies experimental therapies like bone marrow transplantation.
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PMID:[Course and prognosis of panmyelopathy and isolated aplastic anemia. Retrospective study in 70 patients]. 112 32

In the development of clinical strategies to manage radiation accident casualties, the medical doctor in charge should be encouraged to use a "decision tree" to establish by a "sequential diagnosis procedure". This should be done within the first few days after exposure to determine whether or not a spontaneous recovery of hemopoietic function can be expected. With the assistance of a computer simulation model it appears possible to relate certain granulocyte response patterns to the extend and quality of damage caused in the hematopoietic stem cell pool. The determination of this damage is of great importance because it quantifies the strain inflicted upon the hemopoietic system by radiation exposure. It must be remembered that some stem cells are intact or are able to repair the damage completely. These stem cells serve as the ultimate source of hemopoietic recovery. The other stem cells that are left with the restricted hematopoietic potential are the source for the so called abortive recovery. On this basis it must be recognized that the day-to-day detailed analysis of documentation of blood cell changes for the first 5-10 days after exposure is of critical importance in order to be able to answer the question whether a spontaneous hemopoietic recovery can be expected or not. If the stem cell pool is sufficiently damaged (less than 6-8 in 10,000 stem cells) then one can expect a particular constellation of blood cells around day 5-7 characterized by severe granulocytopenia, severe lymphopenia and beginning thrombocytopenia. This blood cell response pattern is indicative of an irreversible stem cell damage. In this case, a transplantation of stem cells may well be life saving if done using the criteria developed for the treatment of severe aplastic anemia by bone marrow transplantation including an appropriate conditioning regimen for immune suppression.
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PMID:Early indicators of response to accidental radiation exposure and the relevance for clinical management strategies. 195 14

Bacterial infection is a common complication after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. It is related to the toxic effects of the conditioning regimen on mucosal surfaces, to bone marrow aplasia and to the prolonged lymphopenia with immune deficiency that lasts for several weeks after bone marrow transplantation. We have performed a prospective randomized study comparing two methods of prophylaxis. Group I (OA) received a combination of ofloxacin 400 mg/day and amoxicillin 20 g/day; group II (VTC) received the oral nonabsorbable antibiotics vancomycin 450 mg/day, tobramycin 450 mg/day and colistin 4.5.10(6) units daily, from day -15 to 15 days after discharge from laminar air flow (LAF) rooms. All patients were nursed in LAF rooms with a strict isolation procedure and sterile water and food. They were evaluated daily for clinical symptoms, and bacterial culture samples were taken from the throat, stools and blood twice weekly. Forty-four patients were randomized, 22 entered in group I (OA) and 22 in group II (VTC). There were no differences between the two groups in age (mean 33 years, range 11-54), sex, diagnosis and mean duration of agranulocytosis (21.8 days, range 10-49). Seven patients were excluded because of the selection of a resistant bacteria, 5 were in group I (OA), and 2 were in group II (VTC). The mean duration of fever was 9.2 +/- 7.1 days in group I (OA) and 13.7 +/- 6.8 days in group II (VTC; p = 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in graft-versus-host disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Prophylaxis of bacterial infections after bone marrow transplantation. A randomized prospective study comparing oral broad-spectrum nonabsorbable antibiotics (vancomycin-tobramycin-colistin) to absorbable antibiotics (ofloxacin-amoxicillin). 204 63

We evaluated the role of gallium nitrate infusion in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Gallium nitrate was administered at 300 mg/m2/day for 7 days every 3 weeks by continuous infusion concomitantly with oral calcium supplement of 500 mg twice daily and oral hydration. Fifteen patients with refractory metastatic breast cancer received such treatment for a total of 30 courses. Median age was 51, and median performance status (Zubrod scale) was 1. These patients had minimal prior chemotherapy (median 1 regimen). All patients were evaluable for toxicity and 14 for response. Nine patients had one to two metastatic sites, five patients had three to four sites. No major objective response was seen, but one patient had a minor response (10 weeks), and another showed no change in disease (16 weeks). Diverse low-grade toxicities were observed, including nausea and vomiting in 11 patients, anorexia in 11, diarrhea in eight, stomatitis in five, dysgeusia in six, musculoskeletal pain in five, skin rash in seven, partially reversible tinnitus and/or mild hearing loss in four and sensory neuropathy in two. A consistent drop in hemoglobin (median of 3.2 g/dL per patient) necessitated blood transfusion in seven patients. There was no granulocytopenia or thrombocytopenia; however, significant lymphopenia was noted. Reversible, moderate nephrotoxicity occurred in two patients. The hypocalcemic effect was consistent, with a median drop in serum calcium of 1.25 mg/dL per course. There was no hepatic toxicity. While no single toxicity was severe, overall toxicity adversely influenced treatment tolerance. Gallium nitrate by continuous infusion, as given in this study, has no activity in metastatic breast cancer.
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PMID:Phase II evaluation of gallium nitrate by continuous infusion in breast cancer. 279 77

The infectious complications of bone marrow transplantation were reviewed in 43 adults, 22 of whom received transplants from HLA-matched donors without T-cell depletion and 21 of whom received donor marrow pretreated with the murine anti-T-cell monoclonal antibody CT-2 and complement. Recipients of HLA-mismatched, T-cell-depleted transplants had a higher rate of bacteremia (1.33 compared with 0.64 per patient, p = 0.05) and especially systemic fungal infections (0.92 compared with 0.14 per patient, p less than 0.001) than recipients of transplants from HLA-identical donors without T-cell depletion; two thirds of these infections occurred during the granulocytopenic period early after transplantation. Recipients of HLA-identical but T-cell-depleted transplants also had significantly more systemic fungal infections (0.77 per patient, p less than 0.001). T-cell depletion was associated with delayed engraftment, more prolonged granulocytopenia, and more severe lymphopenia and was shown by stepwise multivariate regression analysis to be the most powerful predictor of systemic fungal infection (r = 0.512, p less than 0.0001). Whereas ex-vivo T-cell depletion may reduce the risk of severe graft-versus-host disease, it may predispose the patient to infection, especially with fungi.
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PMID:Infectious complications in adults with bone marrow transplantation and T-cell depletion of donor marrow. Increased susceptibility to fungal infections. 351 42

Ninety-three homosexual men with persistent lymphadenopathy were followed at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center for a mean period of 20.8 months. Histories and serologic evidence of a number of previous infections were common, but the lymphadenopathy was not due to recognizable infections or neoplastic disease. Leukopenia, lymphopenia, granulocytopenia, monocytopenia, decreased ratios of T-helper to T-suppressor cells, decreased natural killer cell activity and increased serum immunoglobulin concentrations were common. Lymph node biopsies showed reactive hyperplasia without any unique histopathologic features. Antibody to the human T-lymphotropic virus-III (HTLV-III or LAV), a newly described retrovirus believed to be the etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), was detected in 91.4%. Over a 3-year period, 11 cases of AIDS were recognized in these patients: Kaposi's sarcoma developed in 7 and opportunistic infections in 4. The lymphadenopathy resolved in six patients and the others remained unchanged. Although most of these patients are asymptomatic and remain well, the risk of AIDS in this group of men was higher than in other groups of homosexual men in New York.
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PMID:Unexplained persistent lymphadenopathy in homosexual men and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 388 96


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