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Query: UMLS:C0024312 (lymphopenia)
 4,859 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The ability of alveolar macrophages (AM) to release hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an indicator of AM function, was studied in five children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) related complex and, for comparison, in 11 children without disorders of the lung parenchyma. In the AIDS-related complex group, pulmonary manifestations were mild, and lung involvement was suspected by moderate clinical and/or radiological features. None had a past history of opportunistic infections; neither did any have lymphopenia. Cytologic study of the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid revealed increased cellularity with increased percentage of lymphocytes. The study of H2O2 release was performed on unstimulated AM and on AM stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Under both experimental conditions, the amount of H2O2 accumulated in the medium was significantly increased in the group with AIDS-related complex (P less than 0.001). As no enhanced oxidative activity has been reported in AM from patients with full-blown AIDS, an increased ability of AM to release oxygen metabolites from children with AIDS-related complex may reflect an initial and temporary step in the course of the LAV/HTLV-III pulmonary disease. Determining AM activation might be a reliable method of assessing the evolution of lung disorder in AIDS.
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PMID:Activation of alveolar macrophages from children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex. 323 46

Thirty-four patients with AIDS-related complex (ARC) were treated for 6 months with thymostimulin, a thymic hormone. Clinical and immunological findings after a 1-year follow-up were compared with those in 24 age- and sex-matched controls receiving no immunotherapy. Statistical evaluation after 6 and 12 months showed significant differences in the two groups. The thymostimulin-treated group had higher leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, more positivity in intradermal tests with multiple recall antigens, and less lymphadenopathy and weight loss. The number of OKT3+ and OKT4+ lymphocytes decreased significantly in the control group, but did not change in the thymostimulin-treated patients. Finally, after 18 months of follow-up, no progression to AIDS was seen among the treated subjects, whereas 3 of the controls developed the disease. We conclude that thymostimulin, alone or in combination with antiviral drugs, may be helpful in the management of ARC patients.
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PMID:Thymostimulin treatment in AIDS-related complex. 325 80

The first case of AIDS positively identified in a non-foreigner in Taiwan was a 25-year-old unmarried male who had practiced homosexuality for ten years. The patient began to have abdominal pain accompanied with loose stools and weight loss in June 1985, followed by fever, cough, headache, dizziness, and loss of memory. Facial hyperpigmentation and extensive oroesophageal candidiasis were noted. Laboratory studies showed severe lymphopenia with a reversed T-helper to T-suppressor ratio, cutaneous anergy and polyclonal gammopathy. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies were positive by ELISA and Western blot, and the virus was isolated from the blood. At autopsy, disseminated cytomegalovirus infection, extensive CNS toxoplasmosis and early lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma were demonstrated. The detection of HIV in the adrenal medulla supports the consensus that the virus is neurotropic.
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PMID:An autopsy-proved case of AIDS in Taiwan. 330 20

HIV infection in pediatric patients is a multisystem chronic disease that manifests as a clinical spectrum from asymptomatic infection through symptomatic infection with opportunistic infections and malignancies. The hematopoietic system is involved early in the systemic manifestations of this disease. The hematologic abnormalities seen are most probably a reflection of persistent viral infection, inflammation, and immune dysregulation, and may be complicated by secondary infections, chronic disease, drug toxicities, and nutritional deficiencies. Anemia and lymphopenia are commonly found in adult AIDS patients. Although both are also seen in pediatric patients, lymphopenia is much less common. Atypical lymphocytes with plasmacytoid characteristics have been identified in both adults and children. Pediatric bone marrow evaluation has shown an increase in plasma cells and plasmacytoid lymphocytes. Besides these findings, adult marrow findings include an increase in reticulum and lymphocytes appearing in a diffuse or aggregate pattern.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children. 332 80

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was recognized as a distinct clinical entity in 1981 and was characterized by unexplained opportunistic infections and an aggressive form of Kaposi's sarcoma. High risk groups for contracting AIDS include homosexual men, parenteral drug users, hemophiliacs, recipients of blood and blood products, and heterosexual contacts of such individuals. Immunologic abnormalities associated with AIDS include lymphopenia, functional T-cell deficits, B-lymphocyte defects, and various serologic abnormalities. The causative virus has been identified as the human T-lymphotropic virus/lymphadenopathy associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). AIDS represents the severe end of the clinical spectrum of infection with HTLV-III/LAV. Other manifestations are asymptomatic carriage, generalized lymphadenopathy, and a set of non-specific symptoms, termed the AIDS-related-complex (ARC). Although seen predominantly in the United States, AIDS has a world-wide occurrence. No known therapy for AIDS exists. Research efforts are being directed at antiviral therapy, immunorestoration and the development of a vaccine.
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PMID:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 333 Dec 10

Despite the recognition of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection as a common complication of AIDS, the specific clinical features, significance, and need for treatment have been difficult to assess. We reviewed the clinical records and autopsy material of 68 patients dying with AIDS, 32 (47 percent) of whom had MAC isolated from autopsy tissue. All had postmortem evidence of systemic infection. Eleven (34 percent) had MAC isolated from lung tissue. Little, if any, local tissue inflammation and destruction were associated with MAC infection. Patients with autopsy evidence of MAC infection had a longer time interval from diagnosis of AIDS to death. The infection was detected antemortem in 14 (44 percent), blood culture being the most sensitive means (86 percent yield). Although recurrent fever was noted among both MAC infected and uninfected patients, weight loss greater than 20 lb, weakness, anorexia, abdominal pain, and diarrhea were more frequent among infected patients. Severe anemia, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, and reduced mean CD-4 percentages and CD-4/CD-8 ratios were associated with MAC infection. Of eight patients who had MAC cultured antemortem and received multidrug antituberculosis therapy, none responded clinically, and all but one had MAC isolated at autopsy. Because MAC is associated with significant discomfort and disability, development of more effective treatment regimens could be beneficial for some affected AIDS patients.
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PMID:Mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A clinicopathologic study. 335 47

The present study evaluates the in vitro cellular immunity response in cases of suspected Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The immunological features of 111 patients were correlated with those from eleven healthy controls. Patients were divided into three groups: RISK, LAS/ARC and AIDS, using CDC criteria. The AIDS showed leucopenia, lymphopenia, diminished number of T and B lymphocytes, normal number of thermostable E-rosette forming cells (TE), decreased helper-inducer T cell, elevated suppressor-cytotoxic T cell, reversed helper T cell/suppressor T cell ratio and depressed proliferative response using mitogens like phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin-A (Con-A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and purified protein derivative antigen (PPD). These findings confirm a severe deficiency in cellular immunity and permit to establish an immune cellular profile, characteristic of the AIDS patients.
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PMID:Cell-mediated immunity in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 345 48

Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) is the most frequent AIDS related manifestation in homosexual men. From May 1984 to March 1985, 45 (38%) out of 117 intravenous (iv) drug abusers evaluated had PGL. Thirty-two were males and 13 females (median age 25 years). All patients referred to the frequent sharing of syringes. The median duration of lymphadenopathy was 3 months (range 3-60) with a median number of involved extrainguinal sites of 4 (range 2-7). Systemic symptoms and energy to skin tests were common, whereas splenomegaly and past infections were less frequently encountered. Hypergammaglobulinemia and an inverted T helper/suppressor ratio and lymphopenia were found in 78%, 43%, and 20% of the patients, respectively; the presence of HTLV-III antibodies was demonstrated in 12 (46%) of the 26 tested patients. Histologically, excised lymph nodes from 14 patients exhibited a marked follicular hyperplasia, diffuse plasmacytosis, and a conspicuous capillary proliferation. All patients are followed on a regular basis with clinical examination and laboratory tests; in no case has AIDS or a malignant lymphoma so far developed.
AIDS Res 1986
PMID:Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy: clinical characteristics of a lymphadenopathy syndrome in intravenous drug abusers. 348 71

The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a novel epidemic form of immunodeficiency that has been widely recognized within the last six years. AIDS is characterized by Kaposi's sarcoma, B cell lymphoma, and/or life-threatening opportunistic infections superimposed on an immune deficiency state which consists of lymphopenia with a selective depletion of the CD4 T cells. In addition, lymphocytes from AIDS patients show decreased responses to antigen or mitogen stimulation in vitro. Although the secondary infections and malignancies seen in these patients may be successfully treated, the underlying immune defect persists, leaving the patient susceptible to further complications.
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PMID:Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and neoplasia. 349 18

Bone marrow biopsies and smears were examined from 70 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS related conditions: 32 patients with AIDS; 9, at risk, group patients with B-cell lymphoma; 22 patients with AIDS related complex (ARC) and 7, at risk, group patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The first three groups showed similarity with respect to frequency of nonspecific findings: hypo and hypercellularity, marrow damage, lymphoid aggregates, histiocytosis, plasmacytosis and features of myelodysplasia. AFB and fungal organisms were present in the biopsies of 17 per cent of AIDS and 18 per cent of ARC patients. The organisms were associated with bone marrow granulomas or histiocytosis, peripheral lymphopenia and anemia. Only one out of 9 biopsies in patients with previous diagnoses of lymphoma showed involvement of the marrow. One case each of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were discovered incidentally among the 22 biopsies from ARC patients without a previous diagnosis of lymphoma. Except for those presenting with ITP alone, bone marrow changes are similar in patients with AIDS and AIDS related conditions.
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PMID:A comparison of bone marrow findings in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS related conditions. 349 63


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