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Query: UMLS:C0024141 (systemic lupus erythematosus)
 44,322 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 47 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus seen during fifty-one clinical episodes, oxygen-15, a short-lived gamma-emitting isotope, has been employed in a scannng technique to study cerebral oxygen utilisation and blood-flow. Abnormalities in regional distribution of oxygen utilisation and blood-flow were seen in twenty-three out of twenty-four instances of definite central-nervous-system disease, in fourteen out of fifteen instances of suspected C.N.S. lupus, and in ten out of twelve instances in which C.N.S. disease was not clinically apparent. The technique reflected remissions and relapses. It may prove valuable in diagnosis of subclinical cerebral disease, in monitoring of responses to therapy, and in study of the pathophysiology of cerebral lupus.
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PMID:Oxygen-15 brain scanning for detection of cerebral involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. 7 44

Acute lupus pneumonitis was the presenting manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus in six of 12 cases in this series. The clinical picture was characterized by severe dyspnea, tachypnea, fever and arterial hypoxemia. Radiographic findings included an acinar filling pattern which was invariably found in the lower lobes and was bilateral in 10 of the cases. Studies failed to reveal evidence of infection as a cause of the acute pulmonary infiltrates. All patients were treated with oxygen and corticosteroids; seven received azathioprine. Six patients survived and are clinically well 14 months to four years following their acute illness. Three of these patients have residual interstitial infiltrates with persistent pulmonary function test abnormalities indicating progression to chronic interstitial pneumonitis. Histologic sections of the lungs available from four patients revealed hyaline membranes and interstitial edema (four cases), acute alveolitis (two cases), arteriolar thrombosis (one case) and a prominent lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis with organizing bronchiolitis (one case).
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PMID:Pulmonary manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus: review of twelve cases of acute lupus pneumonitis. 12 38

Oxygen consumption was investigated during phagocytosis by leukocytes in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus and scleroderma. Compared with the situation in normal persons, the mean oxygen consumption in the total patient group was depressed.
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PMID:Oxygen consumption during phagocytosis by leukocytes in patients with rheumatic diseases. 30

The clinicopathological features of four patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and pulmonary hemorrhage are described. Our study confirms that pulmonary hemorrhage may be a dominant clinical expression of lung involvement in this disease. Its clinical manifestations are usually quite characteristic. However, hemoptysis may be absent. Radiographically, bilateral alveolar infiltrates resembling pulmonary edema or infection may be seen. Pulmonary hemorrhage was a major contributing factor to the death of three of our patients. The possible pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for pulmonary hemorrhage in our patients and other patients previously recorded in the literature are reviewed. Evidence supporting an immune complex pathogenesis is presented. Our immunopathological and ultrastructural studies demonstrate deposition of immune aggregates in the lungs in the alveolar septa, large blood vessels, and bronchioles in a manner similar to that which has been observed in the experimental serum sickness model of immune complex mediated pulmonary injury. The histological abnormalities, although nonspecific, are consistent with this interpretation, and collectively show diffuse alveolar lining cell and endothelial cell injury. However, an immune complex pathogenesis may not completely explain the occurrence of pulmonary hemorrhage in SLE. Other factors, including bleeding disorders, pulmonary infection, oxygen toxicity, and the "shock lung" syndrome, may also have contributed to lung hemorrhage in some of these patients.
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PMID:Pulmonary hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus. 36 23

Atmospheric and biological evolution progressed simultaneously and today certain cell types flourish only at oxygen tensions which were ambient 600 million years ago, i.e., at 5 to 10 mm Hg. In man, a continuous oxygen flow at these pressures is supplied in the skin where Treponema pallidum, Mycobacterium leprae and members of the genus Rickettsia grow best. In vitro studies support the microaerophilic status of these organisms and of certain other microbial and mammalian cells. Vigorous growth in pure culture will await the development of techniques which can maintain these low oxygen tensions at the cell walls of the microbes as they replicate and consume increasing amounts of oxygen. Continuing failure to consistently isolate microbes from active lesions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus may reflect the universal absence of suitable methods for isolation of microaerophilic microbes.
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PMID:Cultivation requirements for Treponema pallidum, Mycobacterium leprae and other microbial and mammalian microaerophilic cells. 39 68

As part of a prospective survey of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) a detailed collaborative study of the clinical, psychiatric, and laboratory features in 15 patients with nonfocal neuropsychiatric disease has been undertaken. In addition to conventional clinical and psychometric evaluation, electroencephalograph, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, the study included the assessment of cerebral blood flow with oxygen-15 brain scans and serological testing for the presence of antineuronal and lymphocytotoxic antibodies. Of the 15 patients 12 had psychiatric manifestations, while 13 had various neurological abnormalities. All except 2 episodes of cerebral disease were transient. Striking abnormalities in cerebral blood flow and metabolism were seen in 12 patients, even in the presence of subtle clinical features. Sequential scans showed that improvement in clinical features was accompanied by a reversal of scan abnormalities. All sera contained brain-reactive antibody, either antineuronal IgG antibody (13) or lymphocytotoxic IgM antibody (12) or both (10), though there was an inconsistent association between clinical features and antibody titre. It is suggested that transient disturbances of cerebral vascular function in SLE might allow brain-reactive antibodies from the circulation access to cerebral tissue. In this way the nature of the neuropsychiatric abnormalities would depend on both vascular and immunopathogenic mechanisms.
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PMID:The neuropsychiatric disorder in systemic lupus erythematosus: evidence for both vascular and immune mechanisms. 49 43

To determine the prevalence of pulmonary dysfunction in lupus erythematosus, 24 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 5 patients with discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) were studied. Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide was abnormal in 17 (71 percent) SLE patients. A restrictive ventilatory defect was present in 6 (25 percent) and arterial hypoxemia in 4 of 23 (17 percent). The mean ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FVC) was 83 percent. To test for the presence of small airways disease, maximum expiratory flow rate at 50 percent of FVC was measured on air and on an 80 percent helium-20 percent oxygen mixture. Ten patients (5 smokers and 5 nonsmokers) with SLE were nonresponders to helium suggesting small airways disease. Pulmonary dysfunction was present in 90 percent (9/10) of SLE patients with a previous history of pleuritis and/or pneumonitis, and in 71 percent (10/14) without respiratory symptoms or history of lung disease and with a normal chest radiograph. Pulmonary function tests were normal in DLE patients except for an abnormal response to helium and/or mild arterial hypoxemia in two patients, all of whom were smokers. These data indicate that there is a high prevalence of pulmonary function abnormalities in SLE including patients without clinically evident pleuropulmonary disease.
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PMID:Systemic and discoid lupus erythematosus: analysis of pulmonary function. 68 97

This paper presents the case history of a female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, in whom pneumatosis intestinalis developed. The lesions disappeared in response to oxygen therapy. Arteriography revealed evidence of mesenteric arteritis. The patient subsequently developed paralytic ileus with lesions of the intestinal wall, probably based on ischemia as a result of this arteritis.
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PMID:Pneumatosis intestinalis in a female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. 70 7

In vitro studies were carried out to determine if reactive oxygen species modified DNA molecules are the preferred antigen for anti-DNA antibodies found in SLE sera. Reactive oxygen species were generated by 254 nm irradiation of hydrogen peroxide. Single stranded breaks, decrease in Tm and modification of adenine (21.7%) and thymine (48%) were the major effects observed on native DNA fragments of 300 bp in length. The ROS-modified DNA showed increased binding with naturally occurring anti-DNA autoantibodies as compared to unmodified DNA fragments. These results were substantiated by competition ELISA. Measurement of binding with DNA fragments of varying size revealed considerably increased binding as the fragment size increased from 50 bp to 800 bp. The relative affinity of anti-DNA IgG for ROS-modified and native DNA fragments of 300 bp were in the order of 6.26 x 10(-8) M and 4.07 x 10(-8) M, respectively.
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PMID:Reactive oxygen species modified DNA fragments of varying size are the preferred antigen for human anti-DNA autoantibodies. 128 55

Hydroxyl radical, a prominent entity of reactive oxygen species, is known to modify cellular DNA and has been implicated in several human diseases. In the present studies, the radical was generated by exposure of hydrogen peroxide to 254 nm light in the presence of native calf thymus DNA. Single strand breaks, decrease in Tm and modification of adenine and thymine were some of the modifications observed in nDNA. Antibodies induced in experimental animals against the modified DNA were immunogen specific. These antibodies also recognize native B-conformation. It was observed that naturally occurring anti-native DNA autoantibodies from SLE sera recognize modified DNA in direct binding and competition ELISA. Gel retardation assay reiterated the formation of immune complexes between induced antibodies and DNA fragments of around 300 bp (B-conformation). The possible significance of these findings in the etiology of SLE has been discussed.
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PMID:Antibodies against free radical modified native DNA recognize B-conformation. 133 Sep 2


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