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Query: UMLS:C0024141 (systemic lupus erythematosus)
 44,322 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We assessed renal histological features in 20 children with diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis (DPLN) to determine whether they were useful in predicting clinical outcome. Renal biopsies were analyzed by assigning scores indicating an activity index (AI) and chronicity index (CI). Clinical assessment of renal function at biopsy and outcome were graded according to urinalysis, serum creatinine, need for dialysis and/or transplantation, and/or death from end-stage renal failure. Renal function at biopsy correlated significantly with AI and CI. Serum complement (C3 and C4) correlated significantly with CI but not with AI. The usefulness of the clinical grading system was confirmed in ten patients who underwent repeat biopsies. Of these, four converted from DPLN to mesangial or membranous lupus and showed improvement in their grade, while only one of the six with DPLN on both biopsies improved. After a mean follow-up of 4.0 years, 14 of the 20 patients showed clinical improvement, four were unchanged, and two were worse. CI predicted clinical outcome (P less than 0.01) but AI did not. Histologic scores of AI and CI obtained from renal biopsies showing DPLN may be useful in predicting therapeutic responses and designing prospective clinical trials to determine optimum management of children with DPLN.
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PMID:Correlation of renal histology with outcome in children with lupus nephritis. 372 28

The prognosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is considerably worse when accompanied by renal involvement. In order to study the outcome within a year of histologic diagnosis of severe lupus nephritis, we obtained data on 25 patients from nine participating centers. All these patients fulfilled clearly defined histologic criteria of severe lupus nephritis, thus enabling us to evaluate a homogeneous group of patients. During a mean follow-up period of 9.4 months, there appeared to be an equal probability that the renal function would improve, remain stable, or worsen as assessed by changes in serum creatinine concentration. One patient died and another patient reached end-stage renal disease (ESRD), a combined crude mortality plus ESRD rate of 8% for 9.4 months. As both these patients had serum creatinine values of less than 2 mg/dL at the time of diagnosis of severe lupus nephritis, it appears that normal or mildly impaired renal function at the time of diagnosis does not ensure benign outcome. These features should be considered when new studies on SLE nephritis are planned or any new therapeutic modality is evaluated.
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PMID:Short-term prognosis of severe proliferative lupus nephritis. 376 30

We analyzed data from 56 patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in whom renal biopsies were done systematically. The data taken into account for the study were: the histologic glomerular lesions at diagnosis, serum creatinine value, degree of proteinuria and qualitative urine sediment analysis at the time of biopsy, patient age at diagnosis and the evolution of renal function until the time the study was made. Therapy was prescribed according to the glomerular histologic lesion. The mean follow-up period from the time of the first biopsy was 8.2 years. At the time of the study, only 3 patients (5.3%) were on dialysis, while the rest of the patients (94.7%) had a satisfactory renal function. Our results indicate that systematic renal biopsy in SLE patients can furnish valuable data concerning the renal status whether there are clinical signs of renal involvement or not. Treatment based on the histologic images alone may considerably improve renal survival in SLE.
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PMID:Renal biopsy in SLE irrespective of clinical findings: long-term follow-up. 376 24

Over an 18-year period, renal involvement was diagnosed in 13 patients, who represent 1% of the total juvenile chronic arthritis population referred to us. All had severe arthritis. This study illustrates the importance of renal biopsy and indicates that renal involvement in juvenile chronic arthritis is a heterogeneous group of diseases, with a variety of causes. In eight patients with nephrotic syndrome, renal biopsy revealed amyloidosis. One rapidly died of diffuse amyloidosis and infection. The other seven received chlorambucil. Disappearance of proteinuria was noted in three of them. Four patients have persistent proteinuria but normal serum creatinine. It is suggested that, despite the long-term oncogenic risk of the drug, chlorambucil may be beneficial in patients with amyloid deposits. In one patient, the nephrotic syndrome was attributed to systemic lupus erythematosus, and in another, the chance association of an arthritis and nephrotic syndrome with minimal glomerular changes was considered. Although drug responsibility is difficult to determine in these patients receiving several medications in association, the renal involvement presented by the remaining three patients was probably related to drug(s). Moreover, it is possible that the effect of the association of medications is deleterious to the kidney. Drug-induced nephropathy is usually reversible when drugs are stopped. Unfortunately, because of persistent joint pain, these patients will continue to require pain-relieving drugs over prolonged periods.
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PMID:Renal involvement in juvenile chronic arthritis: clinical and pathologic features. 382 62

To assess the activity of lupus nephritis, 43 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied by gallium imaging. Delayed renal visualization 48 hours after the gallium injection, a positive result, was noted in 25 of 48 scans. Active renal disease was defined by the presence of hematuria, pyuria (10 or more red blood cells or white blood cells per high-power field), proteinuria (1 g or more per 24 hours), a rising serum creatinine level, or a recent biopsy specimen showing proliferative and/or necrotizing lesions involving more than 20 percent of glomeruli. Renal disease was active in 18 instances, inactive in 23, and undetermined in seven (a total of 48 scans). Sixteen of the 18 scans (89 percent) in patients with active renal disease showed positive findings, as compared with only four of 23 scans (17 percent) in patients with inactive renal disease (p less than 0.001). Patients with positive scanning results had a higher rate of hypertension (p = 0.02), nephrotic proteinuria (p = 0.01), and progressive renal failure (p = 0.02). Mild mesangial nephritis (World Health Organization classes I and II) was noted only in the patients with negative scanning results (p = 0.02) who, however, showed a higher incidence of severe extrarenal SLE (p = 0.04). It is concluded that gallium imaging is a useful tool in evaluating the activity of lupus nephritis.
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PMID:Appraisal of lupus nephritis by renal imaging with gallium-67. 387 88

Early reports on SLE were too small in number to determine that pregnancy was contraindicated in patients with renal involvement. Later reports show that patients with lupus nephropathy can have successful pregnancies provided certain preconditions are established. Optimal preconditions include prepregnancy remission of at least 6 months, renal function with serum creatinine 1.5 mg/dl or less or creatinine clearance of 60 ml/min or more or proteinuria of 3 g/24 hr or less. Successful pregnancies have been recorded in some patients with more severe renal impairment. Renal function will remain unchanged in approximately 60% of pregnancies; and although deterioration may occur, it is only severe or permanent in less than 10%. In 26% of patients, mild to severe renal impairment was transient, with recovery to prepregnancy levels of renal function. Proteinuria with good creatinine clearance may not be dangerous. Hypertension or superimposed preeclampsia jeopardizes the outcome. Fetal outcome averaged approximately 70% (range, 41-77%) live births, 17.8% (range, 5.1-40%) spontaneous abortions, 19.7% (range, 3.0-38.5%) prematurity, and 8.2% SGA. Therapeutic abortion is not a modality of treatment of lupus nephropathy. Management of patients with lupus nephropathy is twofold and includes suppression of underlying lupus activity as well as the serial evaluation of chronic renal disease. In chronic lupus nephropathy with inactive SLE maternal and fetal outcome is the same as for pregnant patients with chronic renal disease of other causes. Strict fetal surveillance must be performed to decrease the stillbirth rate. The concomitant increase in prematurity demands the services of a tertiary care neonatal unit. Management necessitates the team approach of the obstetrician, nephrologist, rheumatologist, and neonatologist working in collaboration. The reports which contain large numbers of patients now allow better counseling of these patients who are contemplating pregnancy.
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PMID:Lupus nephropathy and pregnancy. 389 19

We have examined the urinary excretion of stable immunoreactive eicosanoids in 23 female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 16 patients with chronic glomerular disease (CGD), and 20 healthy women. SLE patients had significantly higher urinary thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and prostaglandin (PG) E2 excretion and significantly lower 6-keto-PGF1 alpha than did healthy women. In contrast, CGD patients only differed from controls for having reduced 6-keto-PGF1 alpha excretion. The group of SLE patients with active renal lesions differed significantly from the group with inactive lesions for having a lower creatinine clearance and urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and higher urinary TXB2. Higher urinary TXB2 excretion was associated with comparable platelet TXB2 production in whole blood, undetectable TXB2 in peripheral venous blood, and unchanged urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor-TXB2. A significant inverse correlation was found between urinary TXB2 and creatinine clearance rate (CCr). In contrast, the urinary excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha showed a significant linear correlation with both CCr and para-aminohippurate clearance rate (CPAH). In four SLE and seven CGD patients, inhibition of renal cyclooxygenase activity by ibuprofen was associated with a significant reduction in urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 and in both CCr and CPAH. However, the average decrease in both clearances was 50% lower in SLE patients than in CGD patients, when fractionated by the reduction in urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha or PGE2 excretion. We conclude that the intrarenal synthesis of PGI2 and TXA2 is specifically altered in SLE. Such biochemical alterations are associated with changes in glomerular hemodynamics and may play a role in the progression of SLE nephropathy.
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PMID:Functional significance of renal prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 production in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. 390 Jan 32

This panel considered the clinical implications of nephrotoxicity due to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Although the clinical benefits and safety of these agents are well established, the drugs may adversely affect renal perfusion, electrolyte balance, and blood pressure in susceptible patients. The renal effects of these agents are directly related to their potency in inhibiting renal prostaglandins as reflected by inhibition of urinary prostaglandin excretion; however, none of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is completely free of the risk. Hyperkalemia is the most frequently observed adverse effect, most commonly occurring in patients with diabetes mellitus, patients with mild to moderate renal insufficiency, and patients receiving beta blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, or potassium-sparing agents. Patients at risk for the development of fluid retention and acute reductions in glomerular filtration rate include those with congestive heart failure, systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic glomerulonephritis, or liver failure with ascites, those receiving diuretics, premature infants, and possibly the elderly. Monitoring of serum creatinine and electrolyte levels, blood pressure, and body weight is suggested for susceptible patients receiving these agents.
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PMID:Implications of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy. 394 27

Medical records of patients having unilateral nephrectomies done between 1953 and 1978 at a university hospital were reviewed after 5 to 30 years of follow-up to determine if this procedure causes insidious renal insufficiency. Forty patients (selected from 571) ranging in age from 20 to 72 years met the following criteria for inclusion in the study: subject over 20 years of age at nephrectomy; initial serum creatinine concentration less than 1.6 mg/dL; normal arterial blood pressure (less than 150/90 mm Hg); absence of risk factors for chronic renal disease, eg, systemic lupus erythematosis, diabetes mellitus, chronic glomerulonephritis; an initial and a follow-up serum creatinine level; at least 5 years of follow-up. After a mean follow-up of 11.8 years, paired analysis of changes in serum creatinine concentrations showed insignificant differences between pre- and post-nephrectomy levels (0.19 +/- 0.11 mg/dL +/- SEM). Only one patient had a post-nephrectomy serum creatinine level above 2.0 mg/dL. Six patients (four women, two men) developed hypertension (15%) after uninephrectomy, an incidence of hypertension not greater than that found in the population at large. We conclude that uninephrectomy at ages older than 20 years does not lead to renal insufficiency or hypertension in adult patients with normal prenephrectomy serum creatinine and blood pressure levels.
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PMID:Long-term effect of uninephrectomy on serum creatinine concentration and arterial blood pressure. 403 59

Tubulointerstitial renal disease is found frequently in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Despite the frequency of this entity, little is known about the prognostic significance of this biopsy finding. We reviewed 46 consecutive renal biopsy specimens from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who were followed up for a mean of 5.4 years. Tubulointerstitial abnormalities were present in 39% of the entire group of patients and in 51% of the patients who had clinical evidence of renal abnormalities. Tubulointerstitial inflammation was closely associated with diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis, with elevation of serum creatinine (SCr) concentration at biopsy, and with increased frequency of proteinuria both at biopsy and at follow-up. Additionally, active interstitial inflammation was associated with an increased risk of doubling the entry SCr concentration. The presence or absence of tubulointerstitial disease, however, did not add additional prognostic information to the predictive power of the entry SCr concentration or the glomerular histologic features.
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PMID:Tubulointerstitial renal disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. 406 50


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