Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024141 (systemic lupus erythematosus)
 44,322 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Estrogen and prolactin have been shown to modulate autoimmunity in the NZB/NZW F1 (B/W) mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, estrogen stimulates prolactin secretion. The goal of this study was to examine differential effects of estrogen and prolactin in the female B/W mouse model of SLE. B/W females were manipulated to create combinations of low and high concentrations of serum estrogen and prolactin. Hyperprolactinemic mice with either low or high serum estrogen levels had accelerated development of albuminuria at 24 and 32 weeks of age compared to normal and hypoprolatinemic mice. High estrogen/high prolactin mice also had a higher percentage of anti-DNA antibodies compared to mice in the low estrogen/low prolactin and the high estrogen/low prolactin groups. IgG levels were not significantly different between groups. Mean survival was shortest in the high estrogen/high prolactin group (34+/-1.0 weeks) and longest in the high estrogen/low prolactin group (42+/-1.2 weeks; P < 0.05). High levels of serum estrogen were associated with depressed in vitro lymphoproliferation and IL-2 production. This study suggests that high prolactin levels in either high or low serum estrogen states are associated with accelerated autoimmunity in the B/W mouse. This study further demonstrates that high estrogen levels do not accelerate murine SLE when the prolactin-stimulating property of estrogen is suppressed by bromocriptine. Further investigation of hormonal interactions in autoimmunity will provide a better understanding of hormonal immunoregulation and, perhaps, lead to improved clinical application of hormonal immunomodulation.
Lupus 1998
PMID:Differential effects of estrogen and prolactin on autoimmune disease in the NZB/NZW F1 mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus. 973 18

Recently many investigations have been carried out which indicate possible link between the neuroendocrine and immunologic systems. The obtained information points out that some hormones not mentioned before can modify the immunological answer. More recently, the anterior pituitary hormone, prolactin, has been shown to have immune-stimulating properties through prolactin receptors, which are found an different cells. Among others prolactin receptors are present on B and T lymphocytes, monocytes and thomocyte epithelial cells. Immunological effects of this hormone were observed in vitro in investigations on animal experimental model and in humans. There are some therapeutic implications concerning patients with rheumatoid arthritis and with systemic lupus erythematosus and diagnostic implications, that determination of prolactin concentration in serum may appear to be useful marker of rejection in human heart transplantation. Although neuroendocrine regulations of immunological balance are complicated but by the regulation of prolactin secretion we can suspect the possibility of the control of autoimmunological diseases activity.
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PMID:[The role of prolactin in immunological processes]. 973 86

The aims of this study were to describe hormonal profiles, cytokine production and Fc-gamma receptor (Fcgamma-R) distribution in male lupus patients in Taiwan, and to look for any differences between our patients and normal individuals. Sixteen newly diagnosed and untreated male lupus patients were studied. Hormonal profiles were determined by radioimmunoassay. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) production from both monocytes and neutrophils was determined by ELISA and murine thymocyte proliferation assay. The FcgammaR distribution on both monocytes and neutrophils was detected by flow cytometer. There were no significant differences in FSH, LH, testosterone, oestradiol, and beta-HCG blood levels in male lupus patients compared with normal individuals; however, the prolactin level in lupus patients was significantly higher than in normal individuals. Furthermore, there was no difference in IL-1 and IL-1ra production from both monocytes and neutrophils among male and female lupus patients, and normal individuals. Male lupus patients have a significantly lower FcgammaRII distribution on both monocytes and neutrophils when compared with female lupus patients and normal individuals. It was concluded that the high prolactin level and low FcgammaR distribution may play a role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of male lupus.
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PMID:Hormonal profiles and immunological studies of male lupus in Taiwan. 1035 23

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) are the most common autoimmune rheumatic diseases in children associated with high levels of autoantibodies and immune reactivity. JRA and JSLE are more common in girls. Disease activity is worse in the morning, improves during the daytime and worsens at night suggesting that neuroendocrine immune mechanisms are involved in disease pathophysiology. Adult patients with RA and SLE have excessive levels of prolactin (PL) while cortisol (CS) production is down-regulated for the degree of ongoing inflammation. PL has potent proinflammatory properties. Normal to low levels of cortisol have been observed in children with active JRA despite the high serum levels of IL-6, IL-1 beta, and TNF-alpha, which activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). The CS levels are in fact subnormal because inflammatory stress activates the HPA. Normal serum PL levels were seen in children with JRA, most of whom were not active with higher levels in those with active ANA +ve JRA complicated by uveitis. A trend toward high PL levels was seen in 33 children with JSLE. High serum PL levels are seen in patients with active juvenile ankylosing spondylitis (JAS) only. Growth retardation is a feature of JRA. Patients with JRA have low to normal levels of growth hormone (GH) and low levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). IGF-1 mediates the effects of GH. The observation of low IGF-1 in JRA raises the therapeutic possibility with IGF-1. Overall, high levels of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone are found in children with JSLE while the levels in JRA tend to be normal. Testosterone levels are low in patients with JRA. No significant differences in estrogen levels have been found between patients with JRA and those with JSLE and matched controls. There is evidence that the autonomic nervous function is defective in patients with JRA.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine immune features of pediatric inflammatory rheumatic diseases. 1041 95

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are autoimmune disorders with a preponderance in females. RA and SLE differ in their response to sex hormones. Disease development of RA is mitigated by estrogen and pregnancy whereas SLE tends to flare during pregnancy and in response to estrogen. Pregnancy improves the symptoms of RA in about 75% of pregnant patients, but relapses within six months postpartum in 90% of cases. RA is regarded as a T cell-mediated and TH1 immune response-driven disease. Pregnancy induces a shift from TH1 to TH2 immune response, increasing the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10, which may contribute to gestational amelioration of RA. Prospective studies of SLE pregnancies indicate that about 50% of patients experience a flare, however, with no permanent aggravation of the disease. Lupus nephritis, presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, and a previous history of pregnancy loss increase the risk of complications during pregnancy and fetal loss. The marked increase of estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy seems to enhance some of the manifestations of SLE. The shift to a TH2 immune response may trigger SLE manifestations that are dependent on humoral immune responses such as lupus nephritis. Another factor stimulating immune responses is the pituitary hormone prolactin, which has been found elevated in SLE patients of both sexes and correlated to disease activity in several studies. The hyperprolactinemia of lactation seems to influence postpartum behavior of SLE as well as RA.
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PMID:Sex hormones and pregnancy in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. 1041 1

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a difficult disease to study, having a variable disease course characterized by exacerbations and remissions. A variety of biologic agents are under investigation as potential treatments for SLE. These products are designed to specifically interfere with the following immunologic processes: T cell activation/T cell-B cell collaboration, production of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies, deposition of anti-double-stranded DNA antibody complexes, complement activation, and immune complex deposition and cytokine activation and modulation. More aggressive interventions include gene therapy and stem cell transplantation. Immunomodulatory agents recently examined in patients with SLE include: thalidomide, AS101, 2' chlordeoxyadenosine, mycophenolate mofetil, and bindarit. Additional innovative pharmaceutical treatments include the mild androgen dehydroepiandrosterone, selective estrogen receptor modulators, and the prolactin inhibitor, bromocriptine. A variety of these biologic and pharmaceutical agents offer promise as potential therapies. Active participation in clinical trial efforts to develop international consensus regarding trial methodology and outcome measures are crucial to the development of these innovative therapies.
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PMID:Biologic agents and innovative interventional approaches in the management of systemic lupus erythematosus. 1050 51

The disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex one. One major clinical manifestation that relates to both cause and pathogenesis of all autoimmune diseases but specifically SLE is the sexual predilection for females. A consideration of mechanisms for this manifestation is the subject of this paper. The cytokine network is a major aspect of immune regulation and directly affected by sex steroids. The sexual dimorphism of the immune system relates to both organ-specific and general synthesis of sex steroids that are affected by and in turn affect cytokine profiles of T helper cells. There are also specific responses in cells from diseased patients that support the molecular activities of sex hormones on cells. Among these is the rise of calcineurin mRNA in SLE T cells in response to estrogen. Clinical research provides support for a more estrogenic environment in patients with SLE of both sexes. A preferential hydroxylation of estrone and increased oxidation of testosterone in patients with SLE maximizes the effects of estrogens on T cell functions. The effects of gonadotrophins like prolactin are discussed as stimulants of immune functions when elevated in SLE. Last, while the roles of exogenous estrogens on immune functions are known, the effects of such steroids alone or in combination with progestogens on SLE are not known. Investigation of both hormone replacement therapy and premenopausal hormone use are in progress.
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PMID:The role of sex hormones in systemic lupus erythematosus. 1050 54

A case of lymphocytic hypophysitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus is described. A 20-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with generalized myalgia and facial rash in May 1998. The patient had a medical history, physical examination, and laboratory findings compatible with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Headache and nausea had developed 3 months previously and worsened over the following months. Hormonal investigation showed hypopituitarism except for prolactin. A magnetic resonance image of the brain showed a mass lesion in the pituitary fossa. A trans-sphenoidal surgical procedure was performed which revealed a dark-yellowish hematoma. Microscopic examination showed diffuse infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells with fibrosis in the anterior pituitary. Post-operatively the patient's headaches and nausea resolved. This indicates that lymphocytic hypophysitis may be associated with SLE.
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PMID:Lymphocytic hypophysitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. 1072 49

Prolactin receptors were identified on the membranes of lymphocytes have been demonstrated to secrete prolactin. The decrease, as well as the increase of the prolactin level in the plasma are responsible for immune disorders. Prolactin dysfunction has been described in some autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, immune arthritis, uveitis, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and thyroid disease. The normal prolactin secretion is trophic for the lymphocytes, while the high and also the low levels of prolactin may play an immunosuppressive role.
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PMID:Prolactin secretion and the immune system. 1075 71

The course of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease, is markedly affected by hormones such as estrogen and prolactin. It is well known that heavy exposure to sunlight has deleterious effects on SLE, triggering episodes of the disease. Classical explanations for this occurrence suggest that UV radiation damages DNA, which becomes immunogenic, or induces exposure of the Ro antigen in keratinocytes. In recent years, it has been shown that vitamin D3 has important effects on the immune system. Thus, we proposed an alternative hypothesis, suggesting that UV radiation, by promoting vitamin D3 synthesis, could be a factor aggravating the course of SLE after exposure to sunlight. To test this hypothesis, we injected F1(NZBxW) mice, which are prone to developing SLE, with vitamin D3, and we demonstrated a worsening of the histopathological findings in the kidney.
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PMID:Influence of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) on the course of experimental systemic lupus erythematosus in F1 (NZBxW) mice. 1079 6


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