Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024141 (systemic lupus erythematosus)
 44,322 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Evidence has shown that prolactin is an essential component of an effective immune response. In systemic lupus erythematosus, clinical trials have produced controversial information about the role of PRL. Some results find association between serum PRL levels and disease activity. In contrast, other authors did not find this. Recently, autoantibodies against prolactin in SLE patients have been described. One hundred percent of SLE patients with anti-PRL autoantibodies had hyperprolactinemia (hPRL) and 31.7% of the SLE patients classified with idiopathic hPRL had anti-prolactin antibodies. A similar result was found in 103 pediatric SLE patients. The patients with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia and anti-PRL autoantibodies had less clinical and serological lupus activity than the SLE patients with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia, but without anti-PRL autoantibodies. This evidence suggests that anti-PRL autoantibodies or the complex with any other molecule, like macroprolactinemia (big-big PRL) could have attenuated biological activity and this could explain why some clinical studies did not find any association between serum PRL levels and disease activity in SLE patients. However, studies in vitro have shown normal or elevated biological activity in Nb2 cell lines using PRL from serum with anti-PRL autoantibodies from patients with or without autoimmune diseases. Several conclusions could be drawn. One is that while a set of hyperprolactinemic SLE patients display autoantibodies against PRL, it is not clear what role these autoantibodies play in the whole system. However, until now, we knew that the patients with antibodies to PRL lacked the clinical symptoms of hyperprolactinemia such as menstrual disturbances and/or galactorrhea and show less clinical and serological lupus activity.
Lupus 2001
PMID:Analysis of anti-prolactin autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. 1172 3

A number of reports have shown that PRL is an immune-stimulating hormone that is capable of stimulating organ-specific inflammatory disease in humans. More recently, hyperprolactinemia has been associated with the active phase of the immune-complex-mediated autoimmune disease, systemic lupus erythematosus. The theory that PRL contributes substantially to disease activity was upheld in the NZB/W mouse model of spontaneous, hormone-sensitive lupus. Implanted pituitary glands resulted in hyperprolactinemia, accelerated proteinuria, high levels of circulating IgG, and premature death. Therapeutic studies with NZB/W mice, as well as anecdotal evidence from a small number of patients, have provided evidence that PRL suppressive therapy may be beneficial in selected cases of autoimmune disease.
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PMID:Prolactin and autoimmune disease. 1840 49

The genetic components contribute to the systemic lupus erythematosus development. This study for the first time determined the distribution of the polymorphisms and linkage disequilibrium in HLA class II, MICA and PRL gene among patients suffering from SLE and healthy Czech individuals. DNA was obtained from the peripheral blood cells of 123 SLE patients and 96 healthy people. Allele variants of the HLA class II, MICA transmembrane polymorphism and PRL extrapituitary promoter -1149G/T SNP were detected using the sequence-specific primers analysis, PCR-fragment analysis and PCR-RFLP, respectively. In Czech population, only DRB1*03-DQB1*0201 haplotype is significantly associated with increased risk for SLE development: the frequency in SLE group was 44.7% in comparison with 15.2% in controls, P (c) < 0.0001; OR 4.54 CI 95% (2.36-9.09). The MICA-A5.1 allele is present significantly more often in SLE (55.7%) than controls (39.9%), P (c) = 0.005; OR 1.88 CI 95% (1.29-2.77), and the combination of HLA DRB1 *03 together with MICA-A5.1 is strongly associated with SLE [P (c) < 0.000001; OR 9.71 CI 95% (3.4-27.7)]. On the other hand, the MICA-A6 allele is less frequent in SLE patients compared to controls, 10.6% and 19.7%, respectively [P (c) = 0.035; OR 0.48 CI 95% (0.28-0.82)], and the combination of absence both alleles MICA-A6 and HLA DRB*11 seems to be risk for SLE development compared to controls, 84.6 and 70.2%, respectively, [P (c) = 0.0003 OR 2.32 CI 95% (1.47-3.70)]. We found that only G allele of the -1149 G/T SNP is associated with specific clinical manifestation of SLE, arthritis [P (c) = 0.022; OR 2.63, CI 95% (1.45-4.81)]. HLA class II-MICA combinations may increase/decrease a risk for SLE development. Multiple studies focusing on the ethnical differences as well as genetic-epigenetic relationships are necessary for better understanding SLE pathogenesis.
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PMID:HLA class II, MICA and PRL gene polymorphisms: the common contribution to the systemic lupus erythematosus development in Czech population. 2035 25

Prolactin has an immunomodulatory effect and has been associated with B-cell-triggered autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In mice that develop SLE, the PRL receptor is expressed in early bone marrow B-cells, and increased levels of PRL hasten disease manifestations, which are correlated with a reduction in the absolute number of immature B-cells. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of PRL in an in vitro system of B-cell tolerance using WEHI-231 cells and immature B-cells from lupus prone MRL/lpr mice. WEHI-231 cells express the long isoform of the PRL receptor, and PRL rescued the cells from cell death by decreasing the apoptosis induced by the cross-linking of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) as measured by Annexin V and active caspase-3. This decrease in apoptosis may have been due to the PRL and receptor interaction, which increased the relative expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-xL and decreased the relative expression of proapoptotic Bad. In immature B-cells from MRL/lpr mice, PRL increased the viability and decreased the apoptosis induced by the cross-linking of BCR, which may favor the maturation of self-reactive B-cells and contribute to the onset of disease.
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PMID:Prolactin Rescues Immature B-Cells from Apoptosis Induced by B-Cell Receptor Cross-Linking. 2731 53


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