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Query: UMLS:C0024141 (systemic lupus erythematosus)
 44,322 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Posterior acute ischemic neuropathy is a new and distinct clinical entity. This syndrome associate unilateral visual disturbance with arcuate or altitudinal defect. Ocular ophthalmoscopic examination and fluorescein fundus angiography are normal at the onset of the disease. Later develop varied degrees of optic atrophy. Association with anterior optic acute ischemic neuropathy on the other eye is possible. Systemic lupus erythematosus, periarteritis nodosa, temporal arteritis, and arteriosclerosis are often involved. Study of three personal cases. Discussion on pathogenesis.
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PMID:[Posterior acute ischemic optic neuropathy (author's transl)]. 612 69

We report a previously healthy 24 years old woman, that presented with an acute abdomen due to a mesenteric vasculitis. The diagnostic study demonstrated the presence of a systemic lupus erythematosus with a type IV nephropathy. Posterior to intestinal resection and immunosuppressive therapy, the patient had a satisfactory evolution.
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PMID:[Acute abdomen due to mesenteric vasculitis as a presentation form of systemic lupus erythematosus]. 876 24

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare neurological condition identifiable by clinical presentation and MRI appearance.1 Patients present with headache, seizures, loss of vision and altered mental function. The pathogenesis of the syndrome is poorly understood. One hypothesis is that cerebral vasospasm results in cerebral ischaemia and subsequent development of T2 hyperintensity, and the other is a temporary failure of the autoregulatory capabilities of the cerebral vessels, leading to hyperperfusion, breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, and consequent vasogenic oedema. It is believed that a rapid rise in blood pressure overcomes cerebral autoregulatory mechanisms with abrupt dilatation of cerebral arterioles. We report a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and PRES after recurrent spontaneous abortion.
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PMID:Seizures and loss of vision in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. 1765 17

Posterior reversible encepalopathy syndrome (PRES), or reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy, is a neurologic condition characterized by recognizable pattern of altered mental status, headache, visual changes and seizures in association with findings indicating a predominantly posterior leucoencephalopathy on imaging studies. It has rarely been described in children. We report two cases of pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated by PRES and review the literature.
Lupus 2007
PMID:Unusual neurologic manifestations (II): posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in the context of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. 1771 91

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) associates various neurological manifestations (headaches, seizures, altered mental status, cortical blindness, focal neurological deficits, vomiting) and transient changes on neuroimaging consistent with cerebral edema. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome mainly occurs in the setting of hypertension, eclampsia, renal failure and/or use of immunosuppressive drugs. We report four cases of PRES complicating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In all our cases, renal involvement and hypertension were present. Neurological symptoms were typical. Magnetic resonance imaging showed posterior cerebral edema and in one case hemorrhagic complication. With symptomatic treatment and immunosuppressor withdrawal when they were previously used, symptoms fully resolved within 15 days in all cases, but one who had only partial regression related to cerebral hemorrhage. Including our cases, we reviewed a total of 46 patients with SLE and PRES. Their clinical and radiological presentation was not specific. The peculiar role of SLE itself in the occurrence of PRES was not clear, since hypertension (95%), renal involvement (91%), recent onset of immunosuppressive drugs (54%) and/or recent treatment with high intravenous dose of steroids (43%) were often present. The hypertension and other worsening factors should be treated. Finally, the evolution of this clinical and radiological spectacular syndrome is generally rapidly favorable.
Lupus 2008 Feb
PMID:Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome during systemic lupus erythematosus: four new cases and review of the literature. 1825 Jan 39

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects the eye as part of the disease or due to the drugs used in therapy. Ocular involvement is seen in one third of the patients with SLE. SLE is rare in India and found less frequently in males and children. SLE retinopathy is usually bilateral. We report an unusual case of unilateral macular infarction in a boy caused by systemic lupus erythematosus. A fourteen year old boy was presented with skin rashes and loss of vision in left eye. Posterior segment examination showed hyperemic edematous disc, arteriolar attenuation, venous dilatation, multiple cotton wool spots around the disc and macula in the left eye. There was no improvement in vision with pulse steroids and cyclophosphamide. The clinical implication of SLE retinopathy is that the disease is severe and warrants systemic immunosuppressive therapy. SLE-induced macular infarction is rare and has poor visual prognosis. As serious ocular complications of SLE can be silent, routine ophthalmological evaluation is warranted in all patients.
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PMID:A case to illustrate the role of ophthalmologist in systemic lupus erythematosus. 2106 22

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurotoxic condition characterized by reversible vasogenic edema on neuroimaging. It is associated with various neurological manifestations, including headaches, vomiting, seizures, visual loss, altered mental status and focal neurological deficits. PRES mainly occurs in the setting of eclampsia, hypertension, uremia, malignancy, transplantation, autoimmune diseases and/or use of immunosuppressive drugs. This syndrome has been described in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). PRES is a potentially reversible clinical-radiological entity; however, it can be complicated with vasculopathy, infarction or hemorrhage. Vasculopathy has been demonstrated to be a common finding in patients with SLE. We report the case of a woman with lupus nephritis and PRES whose diffuse vasculopathy was present on initial neuroimaging. Subsequent brain computed tomography scan demonstrated interval development of intraparenchymal hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. To our knowledge, this unique brain image pattern has not been reported in SLE patients.
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PMID:Systemic lupus erythematosus complicated with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and intracranial vasculopathy. 2119 60

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is characterized by acute onset of headache, nausea, focal neurological deficits or seizures along with radiological findings of white matter defects in the parietal and occipital lobes. Causes of PRES include uremia, hypertensive encephalopathy, eclampsia and immunosuppressive medications. Usually, the treatment of choice involves correcting the underlying abnormality. We describe an unusual case of recurrent PRES caused by uremia during a lupus flare in a patient with biopsy-proven Class IV Lupus Nephritis (LN) with vasculitis. PRES in systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) is a rare clinical phenomenon and, when reported, it is associated with hypertensive encephalopathy. Our patient did not have hypertensive crisis, but had uremic encephalopathy. The patient's PRES-related symptoms resolved after initiation of hemodialysis. The temporal correlation of the correction of the uremia and the resolution of the symptoms of PRES show the etiology to be uremic encephalopathy, making this the first reported case of uremia-induced PRES in Class IV LN with vasculitis.
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PMID:Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a patient with lupus nephritis. 2256 48

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an uncommon neurologic condition associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study aimed to demonstrate the risk factors and clinical outcome of PRES in patients with SLE. Fifteen patients with SLE were diagnosed with PRES by characteristic clinical manifestations and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features from 2000 to 2012. Clinical profiles and outcomes were assessed for this study population. Additionally, 48 SLE patients with neurologic symptoms who underwent brain MRI were included for comparative analyses. The median age and duration of SLE in patients with PRES was 27 and 6.1 years, respectively. Comparison between patients with and without PRES revealed significant differences in the presentation of hypertension and seizure, lupus nephritis with renal insufficiency, treatment with high-dose steroid and cyclophosphamide, recent transfusion, and lupus activity measured by SLE disease activity index. Renal failure was the single independent factor with a high odds ratio of 129.250 by multivariate analysis. Of 15 patients, four experienced relapse and two died of sepsis during hospitalization. Our results suggest that lupus nephritis with renal dysfunction and other related clinical conditions can precede the occurrence of PRES in patients with SLE. It is important to perform early brain imaging for a timely diagnosis of PRES when clinically suspected.
Lupus 2013 Aug
PMID:Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in Korean patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: risk factors and clinical outcome. 2384 31

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is defined by a spectrum of clinical symptoms and characteristic radiologic findings. Most patients show clinical recovery and normalization of imaging, even though a subset of rare cases may progress to cytotoxic edema, irreversible damage, and persistent radiological findings. As the condition is transient and seldom leads to death, few reports of pathologic findings during an acute episode or in patients following a resolved episode are available. Here, we describe the neuropathologic findings at autopsy in a 62-year-old woman with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and an episode of PRES that had resolved radiologically and clinically ~ 4.5 years prior to death. Autopsy findings included diffuse rarefaction of white matter with scattered microinfarcts, subpial gliosis, as well as perivascular lymphocytic aggregates and hemosiderin deposition in the sections from the posterior cerebrum. Some but not all of these changes of chronic white matter damage may be attributed to the coexisting systemic lupus erythematosus. Thus, we conclude that pathologic evidence of partial irreversible damage can be documented in PRES in spite of radiographic resolution of abnormalities.
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PMID:Is posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome really reversible? Autopsy findings 4.5 years after radiographic resolution. 2507 77


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