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Query: UMLS:C0024141 (systemic lupus erythematosus)
 44,322 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Little is known about the mechanisms and relevance of cognitive dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients who never displayed major neuropsychiatric manifestations (nSLE). Thirty-one nSLE female patients and 31 cognitively healthy control women were recruited. Sociodemographic, clinical, neuropsychological and SLE-related markers were collected including cerebral perfusion by single-photon emission computed tomography. Prevalences of cognitive complaints were 22.6% in nSLE versus 6.5% in the control group (p = 0.147); respective prevalences of cognitive dysfunction were 32.3 versus 6.5% (p = 0.01). Within the nSLE group, all cognitive domains appeared similarly affected, and correlations were found between cognitive dysfunction and less skilled occupation (r = -0.41, p = 0.02) and between cognitive complaints and depressive symptoms (r = 0.35, p = 0.05). Cognitive dysfunction is rather frequent in nSLE and seems to negatively impinge on social functioning.
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PMID:Cognitive dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus: prevalence and correlates. 1940 55

Neuropsychiatric disorders appear in about 70% of the patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of this study was to evaluate morphological and functional abnormalities of central nervous system (CNS) in SLE patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations (NP) of disease by testing their relationship. We tested 10 patients (9 females, 1 male) with clinical manifestations of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NP-SLE). That means clinical evaluation of symptoms, standard immunoserological tests, electroencephalogram (EEG), component of audio--evoked potentials P300, MMPI-202 test, Rey Complex Test and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI abnormalities were seen in all of our patients, while in 9 patients abnormalities in neuropsychological and neurophysiologic tests have been proved. The most common structural brain change, detected by MRI, was cortical atrophy (in 8 out of 10 patients). According to revised classification of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) NP-SLE, the most frequent disorder was cognitive dysfunction (in 9 out of 10 patients). Cortical atrophic brain changes have been established in 7 out of 9 patients with cognitive dysfunction. Because of already known correlation of cortical atrophy with cognitive dysfunction in SLE patients, without neuropsychiatric manifestation, we can conclude that neuropsychological examination is required in every patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.
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PMID:Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: diagnostic and clinical features according to revised ACR criteria. 1940 38

Controversy exists as to whether patients with migraine may suffer cortical damage. We investigate the possible association between impaired cognitive function and chronic headache in lupus patients. Sixty one patients with systemic lupus erythematosus but without the antiphospholipid (Hughes) syndrome were questioned about headaches and formally assessed for cognitive function. They were also subjected to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Twenty one patients denied any significant headaches, 19 reported migrainous headaches and 11 experienced an aura. Eleven patients experienced headaches with features of migraine but did not fulfill the criteria, and seven patients had tension headaches. All patients had stable lupus; there was no difference in the incidence of hypertension, age or previous episodes of neuropsychiatric lupus. Patients with migrainous headaches without aura had marginally shorter duration of disease. There was no difference between the groups with respect to eight different cognitive tests or the ventriculo brain index on MRI. We failed to detect cognitive impairment in lupus patients with chronic headaches including migrainous headaches.
Lupus 2009 Jun
PMID:An investigation in the possible effect of chronic headache on neuropsychological function in aCL-negative patients with SLE. 1943 61

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus experience a decreased health-related quality of life due to disease activity, multisystem organ involvement and frequent hospitalization. High levels of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies are associated with renal disease, a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus, and progressive cognitive dysfunction. Post hoc analyses of two clinical trials of abetimus sodium identified responders with sustained reductions in anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies. At 6 and 12 months, responders reported improvement in health-related quality of life, as measured by the Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form 36, compared with no change or deterioration in nonresponders. Sustained reductions in anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies, regardless of treatment group, led to clinically meaningful improvements in patient-reported health-related quality of life.
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PMID:Improvement in health-related quality of life in patients with SLE following sustained reductions in anti-dsDNA antibodies. 1980 1

The association between antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and clinical events is stronger with a positive lupus anticoagulant (LA) test, higher anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) titers, and/or higher anti-beta(2)-glycoprotein-I antibody (abeta( 2)GPI) titers. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of persistently high-titer (> or =80 U) aCL-positive patients compared with those with persistent moderate aCL titers (40-79 U). Second, we analyzed whether high-titer abeta(2)GPI test adds predictive information in persistently moderate-to-high titer aCL-positive patients. In this cross-sectional study, the primary analysis compared the clinical and aPL characteristics of 58 patients with at least two moderate-titer aCL results to another 85 patients with at least two high-titer aCL results. In the secondary analysis of patients with at least two abeta(2)GPI test results, we compared 29 patients with 'aCL 40-79 U and abeta( 2)GPI < 80 U' profiles with 8 patients with 'aCL 40-79U and abeta(2)GPI > or = 80 U', and also compared 27 patients with 'aCL > 80 U and abeta(2)GPI < 80 U' with 32 patients with 'aCL > 80 U and abeta(2)GPI > or = 80 U'. Although aPL-related vascular and pregnancy events were similar between the moderate- and high-titer aCL groups, the number of patients with positive LA tests (RR 2.06, CI 1.38-3.08, p < 0.01) and with at least one non-criteria aPL manifestation (RR 1.66, CI 1.20-2.30, p = 0.0005) were significantly higher in the high-titer aCL group. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) white matter changes were statistically more common in the high-titer aCL group (RR 2.03, CI 1.04-3.94, p = 0.02), there was a trend towards increased prevalence of livedo reticularis, cardiac valve disease, and cognitive dysfunction occurring in the high-titer aCL group. The secondary analysis showed that MRI white matter changes, cardiac valve disease, and cognitive dysfunction were proportionally more common in the high-titer abeta( 2)GPI groups, suggesting a linear relationship between non-criteria aPL manifestations and aPL titers. Our results suggest that patients with high aCL titers, compared with those with moderate titers, are more likely to have a positive LA test and a higher prevalence of non-criteria aPL manifestations. Furthermore, high-titer abeta(2)GPI positivity may further increase the prevalence of non-criteria aPL manifestations in moderate- or high-titer aCL-positive patients.
Lupus 2010 Apr
PMID:Moderate versus high-titer persistently anticardiolipin antibody positive patients: are they clinically different and does high-titer anti-beta 2-glycoprotein-I antibody positivity offer additional predictive information? 1993 77

Cognitive impairment in children and adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can affect intelligence, academic achievement, arithmetic, reading comprehension, learning, visual memory and complex problem solving ability. In this prospective two-center study, we examined children's (and adolescents') and parents' perception of the impact of SLE on school; the relationship between child and parent reports on school-related issues; and the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and school-related issues. Patients aged 9-18 years with SLE and their parents completed corresponding child and parent reports of the SLE-specific HRQOL scale, Simple Measure of Impact of Lupus Erythematosus in Youngsters (SMILEY), and PedsQL(TM) generic and rheumatology modules. Patients also completed questions related to school attendance and performance. Qualified physicians assessed SLE activity, damage and severity. Forty-one patients (73% girls) with SLE with mean age of 15 +/- 3 years and 32 parents participated. Mean school domain scores for child and parent reports of the PedsQL( TM) generic report were lower compared with total and subscale scores. Patients reported difficulty with schoolwork, had problems with memory and concentration, and were sad about the effect of SLE on schoolwork and attendance. Moderate to strong correlations were found between child and parent reports on school-related items from all questionnaires. Eighty-three percent of patients felt that they would have done better in school if they did not have SLE. Moderate correlations (r = 0.3-0.4) were found between SMILEY total score and the following items: satisfaction with school performance, interest in schoolwork, remembering what was learned, and concentrating in class. Patients on intravenous chemotherapeutic medications missed more school days (p < 0.05) compared with patients on oral medications. Also, patients with a greater number of missed school days had increased disease activity (p = 0.008). SLE and activities related to caring for the disease clearly impose a burden on children's school attendance and performance. School-related activities can have a significant impact on HRQOL in children and adolescents with SLE. Detailed examination of the impact of SLE on attendance and the various aspects of school performance will enable us to formulate interventions in school for these children and adolescents.
Lupus 2010 Apr
PMID:Impact of lupus on school attendance and performance. 2006 12

Until recently, systemic sclerosis (SSc) was thought to spare the central nervous system (CNS). Neurological symptoms secondary to CNS involvement are very rare in SSc patients. Conversely, the prevalence of depression in SSc patients ranges from 17 to 65% and is much higher than that observed in the general population. Cognitive impairment has been reported in SSc patients, but these findings require confirmation in further studies. Brain calcifications and hyperintense white matter signals (leukoaraiosis) have been documented in SSc patients at a higher incidence than in control populations. Severe leukoaraiosis lesions seem to be associated with severe vascular manifestations in SSc. If morphological CNS abnormalities could be linked to neuropsychiatric manifestations, it would be possible to identify neuropsychiatric scleroderma as we can now identify neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus.
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PMID:[Neuropsychiatric manifestations in systemic sclerosis]. 2006 55

Neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus are common and disabling yet their pathogenesis is poorly understood. We investigated the role of cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus and its neuropsychiatric manifestations. Subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus were recruited prospectively along with matched healthy control subjects. The presence of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus syndromes was ascertained according to standard definitions. Cerebrovascular reactivity, an indicator of endothelial function, was measured using transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Sixty-one subjects (58 female, 3 male) with systemic lupus erythematosus and 70 control subjects were assessed. Sixty patients (98%) reported at least one neuropsychiatric manifestation, the most prevalent being headache and cognitive dysfunction. There was no significant difference in cerebrovascular reactivity between cases and controls (3.06 vs 3.06, p=0.99). Subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus and a history of stroke and/or transient ischaemic attack had significantly higher cerebrovascular reactivity than those without (3.99 vs 2.79, p = 0.007). No association was found between the presence of other neuropsychiatric syndromes or systemic lupus erythematosus-related variables and altered cerebrovascular reactivity. In conclusion, cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction is not present in the majority of subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus. However, the role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of stroke and transient ischaemic attack in systemic lupus erythematosus merits further investigation. Lupus (2010) 19, 797-802.
Lupus 2010 Jun
PMID:The role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. 2011 60

Only few studies have addressed the pathogenesis and treatment of the non-criteria manifestations of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) such as thrombocytopenia, nephropathy, cardiac valve disease, cognitive dysfunction, skin ulcers, or diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage. There is no consensus on the management of these manifestations; they may occur despite full-dose anticoagulation or may not improve if anticoagulation is initiated after their discovery. This brief review may help physicians in the management of the non-criteria manifestations of aPL.
Lupus 2010 Apr
PMID:Non-criteria manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome. 2035 81

Gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA-A) receptors play a crucial role in regulating neuronal excitability and cognitive functions. Single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) analysis of GABA-A receptors binding by (123)I-labelled Iomazenil ((123)I-IMZ) has been applied in some neuropsychiatric disorders to investigate conditions where GABA-A receptor density can be detected in several pathophysiological conditions. In this study we investigate cerebral GABA-A receptor density in a small series of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and cognitive impairment characterized by recurrent, episodic memory loss. Nine female patients with SLE and cognitive alterations underwent to a clinical neuropsychiatric evaluation including digital video-EEG, brain MRI, (99m)Tc-ECD brain SPECT and (123)I-IMZ brain SPECT. All patients tested showed diffuse or focal GABA-A receptor density reduction. This is, to our knowledge, the first report on GABA-A receptor density abnormalities associated with cognitive defects in SLE patients. We hypothesize that in our series a decrease in GABA-A receptor density might be related to the neurological manifestations. Further studies are needed to clarify this aspect and the possible mechanisms. GABA-A receptor density impairment might be due to the SLE-related cerebral vasculopathy, or to neuronal-reacting auto-antibodies or drugs which could interfere with GABA-A receptors expression/binding. This study may support the concept that cognitive impairment in systemic lupus erythematosus could be the outcome of fine-tuned neurotransmission alterations.
Lupus 2010 Jul
PMID:Defective cerebral gamma-aminobutyric acid-A receptor density in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and central nervous system involvement. An observational study. 2042 10


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