Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024141 (systemic lupus erythematosus)
 44,322 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

HLA-typing was performed in 149 patients with essential hypertension, 86 males and 63 females. In 66 patients with significantly elevated serum levels of immunoglobulins, HLA-B27 was increased to 18%, from 8% in the controls (P less than 0.007). This was not significant when correcting the P-value for the number of antigens analyzed, but confirms reports of an association of this antigen with serum levels of immunoglobulins. HLA-Bw15 was found to be increased two-fold in patients with a family history of hypertension (P corrected less than 0.05) and in patients with autoantibodies (not significant). This is discussed in relation to the increase of Bw15 in juvenile diabetes and in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, diseases in which vascular damage also occurs.
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PMID:HLA antigens in essential hypertension. Relation to familiar disposition and serum immunoglobulins. 7 Aug 61

Eight attacks of transient global amnesia were observed in a female patient who suffered from livedo reticularis and a series of other neurological symptoms, which were transient in most stances. The neurological deficits include focal epileptic attacks, unilateral loss of vision, paresis of left arm and/or leg and dysarthria. The first amnestic attack was seen at the age of 19. The episodes lasted from a few to 3 days. The intervals between the amnestic episodes varied between a few days and 11 years. The livedo reticularis became more obvious during each neurological episode and was less pronounced during the time of remission. A benign type of essential hypertension and parproteinemia (gamma-M) was found. The investigations failed to show any evidence of essential thrombocythemia, polyarteriitis nodosa, lupus erythematodes and other immune complex diseases. The underlaying disease remained unclear.
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PMID:Recurrent transient global amnesia in a case with cerebrovascular lesions and livedo reticularis (Sneddon Syndrome). 9 41

Eighteen patients with advanced or malignant hypertension due to essential hypertension, systemic lupus erythematosus or chronic glomerulonephritis were infused intravenously with 1-Sar-8-Ile-Angiotensin II, a competitive antagonist of aniotensin II. The spectrum of responses was broad from a mild elevation to a marked fall in blood pressure. The changes in mean blood pressure caused by this peptide showed a significant correlation with the level of peripheral plasma renin activity immediately before the infusion (r=0.5652, p less than 0.02). This peptide infusion reduced blood pressre in 12 patients (responders), but not in 6 (non-respnders). There were no differences with age, sex and severity of hypertension except for the level of peripheral plasma renin activity between the two groups. Our retrospective study showed that in 12 responders propranolol reduced blood pressure to near the normal level, while in 6 non-responders furosemide induced similar depressor response. It is concluded that the vasodepressor effect of this peptide correlates with the levels of peripheral plasma renin activity and that the responses to this drug can be used as a guide for the selection of effective antihypertensive drugs.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of angiotensin II antagonist in advanced hypertension. 88 41

Endralazine and hydralazine were compared in a randomized double-blind, parallel group study lasting 1 year in 30 patients with essential hypertension inadequately controlled by a beta-blocker and a diuretic. Dosage ranged from 10 mg to 30 mg endralazine per day and from 75 mg to 200 mg hydralazine per day according to patient response. The results showed that endralazine was at least as effective as hydralazine in reducing blood pressure. Patients' tolerance, assessed by drop-out rate, was significantly better (p less than 0.05) in the endralazine group. No cases were found of drug-induced lupus-like syndrome on endralazine as opposed to 2 cases with hydralazine. The dose of endralazine required much less adjustment than that of hydralazine.
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PMID:Comparative study of endralazine and hydralazine for the treatment of hypertension uncontrolled by a beta-blocker and diuretic. 287 66

The effect of glucocorticoid on circadian variations of blood pressure was examined. In untreated patients with essential hypertension, a clear nocturnal fall in blood pressure and heart rate was observed and this was unaffected by combined treatment with antihypertensive drugs. The circadian blood pressure variation in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) not receiving glucocorticoid treatment was essentially the same as that in patients with essential hypertension. In both groups there was a positive correlation between blood pressure and heart rate. On the other hand, in patients with CGN and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who were treated with glucocorticoid, there was no nocturnal fall in blood pressure, and often a significant rise. In these patients the blood pressure was lowest in the afternoon and began to rise from then, and during the night, attaining a peak level in the morning. Despite this changed pattern of blood pressure variations, the heart rate in these patients was clearly reduced at night. In 10 patients with CGN and SLE, circadian rhythm of blood pressure and heart rate was examined before and during treatment with prednisolone (40.2 +/- 17.0 mg/day for 58.0 +/- 19.4 days, mean +/- s.d.). Prednisolone abolished the nocturnal fall of blood pressure, while the nocturnal fall of heart rate remained. There was no correlation between blood pressure and heart rate in patients with glucocorticoid treatment. These results suggest that the circadian blood pressure variation is influenced by the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, probably through its action on the autonomic nervous system.
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PMID:Exogenous glucocorticoid eliminates or reverses circadian blood pressure variations. 292 31

This paper presents epidemiological data on the prevalence of 26 common (i.e., having a lifetime prevalence of more than 1 per 10(4) individuals in the population) multifactorial diseases in Hungary and estimates of detriment associated with them. The detriment is expressed using 3 indicators, namely years of lost life (LL), potentially impaired life (PIL) and actually impaired life (AIL). The total prevalence of these diseases in Hungary has been estimated to be about 6500 per 10(4) individuals in the population. This estimate is in agreement with published data for other parts of the world. On the basis of clinical severity, these diseases have been split into 3 groups, namely (1) very severe (schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, acute myocardial infarction and related conditions, and systemic lupus erythematosus); (2) moderately severe and/or episodal or seasonal (15 entities including Graves' disease, diabetes mellitus, gout, affective psychoses, essential hypertension, peptic ulcers, asthma, etc.); and (3) less severe than those in the first 2 groups (varicose veins, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, Scheuermann disease and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis). The essential clinical and genetic aspects of these diseases are briefly discussed. With the exception of epilepsy, none of the diseases included in our list causes mortality between ages 0 and 19. However, they are among the leading causes of death between ages 20 and 69 and thereafter. A sizeable proportion of those with essential hypertension, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. survive to 70 years and beyond, as do those with gout, glaucoma, allergic rhinitis, psoriasis, etc. Overall, about 16% of all deaths that occur in Hungary every year (all age groups) can be attributed to these diseases. The mean number of years of PIL covers a wide range (about 20-40, 12-70 and 40-60 for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively), the overall mean being about 24 years. However, the nature and degree of impairment and the impact on the life quality of those afflicted differ for the different diseases. Likewise, the mean number of years of AIL (for which the interval between the mean age at premature retirement and mean age at death was used as a rough index) also spans a wide range from 16 to 45, and the overall mean is about 20 years. At the population level, the diseases considered in this paper cause about 2700 years of LL, 96,000 years of PIL and about 5800 years of AIL per 10(4) individuals in the population. Relative to Mendelian diseases as a whole, these multifactorial diseases are associated with much greater detriment (LL: 1.4 X; PIL: 30 X and AIL: 3.9 X).
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PMID:The load of genetic and partially genetic diseases in man. II. Some selected common multifactorial diseases: estimates of population prevalence and of detriment in terms of years of lost and impaired life. 305 77

The circadian blood pressure rhythm was compared between patients with Cushing's syndrome and those with essential hypertension or primary aldosteronism. In patients with essential hypertension or primary aldosteronism, clear nocturnal falls in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the heart rate were observed. In contrast, in patients with Cushing's syndrome there was no nocturnal fall in blood pressure, and even a rise in some cases. In all cases with Cushing's syndrome, there was a nocturnal fall in the heart rate. Exogenous glucocorticoid abolished a nocturnal fall of blood pressure in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis or systemic lupus erythematosus, but did not affect nocturnal falls in the heart rate. These results indicate that the normal circadian rhythm of blood pressure may be regulated, at least in part, by the hypothalamopituitary-adrenal system.
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PMID:Involvement of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in the control of circadian blood pressure rhythm. 324 Dec 33

The circadian blood pressure rhythm was compared in patients with Cushing's syndrome, essential hypertension, and primary aldosteronism. In patients with essential hypertension or primary aldosteronism, a clear nocturnal fall in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate was observed. This fall was seen in untreated subjects as well as in patients receiving combined treatment with a calcium antagonist, diuretic, converting enzyme inhibitor, alpha-blocker and beta-blocker, or sympatholytic drug. In these groups, there was a positive correlation between heart rate and systolic or diastolic blood pressure. On the other hand, in patients with Cushing's syndrome, there was no nocturnal fall in blood pressure but in some patients a rise was observed. In all patients there was a nocturnal fall in heart rate. Thus, there was no significant correlation between heart rate and blood pressure in these patients. Exogenous glucocorticoid eliminated the normal nocturnal fall of blood pressure in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. These results suggest that the changed circadian blood pressure pattern in patients with Cushing's syndrome is not due to antihypertensive treatment or to the mineralocorticoid excess accompanying this disease, but it is attributable to excess glucocorticoid or the associated disturbance in the adrenocorticotropic hormone-glucocorticoid system (or both). This conclusion also implies that the normal circadian rhythm of blood pressure may be regulated at least in part by the adrenocorticotropic hormone-glucocorticoid system.
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PMID:Altered circadian blood pressure rhythm in patients with Cushing's syndrome. 339 72

ANA may occur in healthy people, particularly in older people and females and is usually unrelated to present or post medication. Their presence may be due to recent virus infections or other tissue damage. In agreement with this, ANA occur significantly more often in untreated hypertensive patients and are associated with the severity of the disorder. The ANA (and other autoantibodies) seem to be markers of an ongoing vascular injury. In agreement with this, the presence of such autoantibodies increase the five-year relative risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality three times, both in the general population, and in patients with essential hypertension (2). Such data emphasise the importance of careful selection of control groups whenever dealing with the ANA incidence in relation to drugs. When the patient is taking a drug recognised as being associated with increased ANA incidence, it is important to identify the drug as being one which may lead to development of SLE in ANA positive patients (Table 1). If the drug is in category A, further studies are necessary. When there are symptoms consistent with the diagnosis drug-induced SLE, discontinuation of the drug results in rapid clinical improvement if the drug is the inductive factor. Where no symptoms exist, the patient should be carefully watched if SLE develops. For drugs with a high ANA incidence, but little history of inducing SLE (category B), little more has to be done.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:ANA and antihypertensive drugs. Any clinical importance? 350 48

In a randomized cross-over trial in 23 patients with essential hypertension, a new peripheral vasodilator, endralazine, in a dose of 10-20 mg t.i.d. was compared with dihydralazine in a dose of 25-50 mg t.i.d. All patients also received pindolol (a beta-blocker) in a dose of 5-15 mg t.i.d. The lowest dose of both drugs was given to all patients for 2 weeks and was increased only if indicated. Endralazine was more effective than dihydralazine, but the side effects were about the same in frequency and severity, apart from flushing, which was more common with endralazine. Patients receiving endralazine in the second phase of the cross-over design continued to be treated with endralazine for a period of 10-12 months. Blood pressure control remained good during this time, and the dosage was slightly reduced. No side effects suggestive of drug-induced lupus were seen, and only borderline changes in immunological tests [antinuclear antibodies (ANA)] in one patient were seen. One patient was reported to have lupus erythematosus (LE) cells in the peripheral blood but the ANA test was negative. Endralazine appears to be a useful new drug for the treatment of hypertension.
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PMID:Endralazine, a new peripheral vasodilator--a randomized cross-over trial against dihydralazine. 618 29


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