Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024141 (systemic lupus erythematosus)
 44,322 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antibodies that bind tRNA are produced spontaneously in New Zealand Black/New Zealand White (NZB/NZW) F1 hybrid female mice. An assay for the detection of these antibodies has been developed by using gel filtration and radioactive tRNA. This assay was found superior to the widely used ammonium sulfate precipitation assay because of the nature of the interaction between the protein and the tRNA. The ant-bodies bound native tRNA preferentially to tRNA denatured by cross-linking with formaldehyde. This conformational specificity was confirmed in competition experiments. The antibodies to native tRNA had an average association constant of 5 x 10(7) leter/mole at 4 degrees C and could bind to more than one site per tRNA molecule. Experiments with immunoglobulin class-specific anti-mouse antisera, in solution and by radioimmunoelectrophoresis, showed that the antibodies were heterogeneous, but were predominantly of the IgG class. These antibodies may be useful for detection, localization, and conformational analysis of tRNA in solution as well as for understanding the pathogenesis of the lupus-like syndrome in these mice.
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PMID:Properties of tRNA-specific antibodies from NZB/NZW mice. 32 80

Escherichia coli 3H-tRNA and MS2 phage 125I-RNA were prepared and used in a sensitive nitrocellulose filter assay. Antibodies that bound these RNA ligands occurred in the sera of several patients with SLE, but not in sera of patients with other connective tissue diseases. The antibody populations that bound polyribonucleotides (largely IgG) were distinct from antibody populations that bound polydeoxyribonucleotides. Competition experiments showed that the anti-RNA antibodies preferentially bound native ssRNA as compared with synthetic single and double stranded polyribonucleotides. There was increasing affinity with increasing m.w. of the ssRNA. The anti-tRNA population was of restricted heterogeneity (Sips index 0.83) and bound tRNA with an average association constant (Ko) of 9 x 10(6) l/mole at 4 degrees C. The anti-MS2 RNA population was much more heterogeneous (Sips index 0.67) and bound MS2 RNA with a Ko of about 3 x 10(9) l/mole at 4 degrees C. Whereas NZB/NZW mice spontaneously produce RNA reactive antibodies with conformation specificity for native tRNA, human SLE anti-RNA antibodies appear to have very little of this type of conformation specificity.
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PMID:The reaction of SLE antibodies with native, single stranded RNA: radioassay and binding specificities. 34 May 88

Gas chromatographic carbohydrate analyses of IgG from 30 patients with idiopathic systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) revealed lower content of galactose when compared to that in 36 controls of similar ages (mean +/- SD, 3.18 +/- 0.66 vs 3.82 +/- 0.41 galactose residues/mole of IgG, P < 0.001). Abnormal galactosylation was observed in 60% of SLE patients. Analyses of IgG from 58 members of five families, characterized by a high frequency of SLE and other autoimmune diseases and serological abnormalities, and 51 controls of similar age range revealed that IgG galactose deficiency was detectable not only in some members with clinical and serological abnormalities (P < or = 0.001), but also in those without evidence of autoimmune diseases or abnormal serologies (P < or = 0.001). These data indicate that abnormal galactosylation of IgG frequently occurs in asymptomatic members of families with a high frequency of SLE and other autoimmune diseases and suggests that this abnormality may be an indicator for the development of these diseases.
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PMID:Abnormal galactosylation of serum IgG in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and members of families with high frequency of autoimmune diseases. 129 21

Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) affect the skin 3 different ways. They decrease the amount of androgenic hormones produced in the ovaries and adrenal gland. They also limit the quantity of biologically active circulating testosterone. Finally, estrogen markedly decreases oil production in the sebaceous glands. Physicians should prescribe to women with acne a COC that is low in progestogen and high in estrogen. A biphasic pill with no more than 500 mcg norethisterone/day meets these requirements. If a woman is taking systemic antibiotics to treat acne, however, the physician should prescribe a biphasic pill containing 50 mcg ethinyl estradiol. Even though many believe that using COCs causes hair loss, there is little evidence to support it. Nevertheless, if a woman has indeed experienced hair loss, she should take a COC with a high estrogen to progestogen ratio. As in some pregnant women, cholasma may occur in women taking COCs when not protected from sunlight. Physicians need to prescribe the lowest possible dose of hormones in these women and counsel them to shield their face from sunlight. To err on the side of safety, women who have had a malignant melanoma should not use a hormonal contraceptive. In addition, women who have experienced many bouts of skin candidiasis should use an alternative contraceptive. Other skin disorders that they have been found to be more prevalent in women taking COCs include erythema nodosum, accelerated systemic lupus erythematosus, porphyria cutanea tarda, herpes gestationis, spider naevus, and telangiectasia. There also exists an association between dermatitis and barrier methods and spermicides. Some articles have suggested that copper containing IUDs have also cause a variety of skin disorders.
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PMID:Effect of contraceptives on the skin. 324 Jan 55

Adult MRL lpr/lpr mice display phenotypic features that are consistent with both rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Previous studies have reported that peritoneal macrophages harvested from this model have an increased propensity for both spontaneous and elicited release of prostaglandins and leukotrienes relative to immunologically normal control mice. To investigate whether one aspect of the differences in secretory potential between autoimmune and normal mice was at the level of increased substrate availability, gas chromatographic analysis of peritoneal macrophage membranes from autoimmune MRL lpr/lpr, young lpr, wild type +/+, and immunologically normal mice was done. The results demonstrate enrichment of arachidonate in adult lpr macrophage membranes in all major phospholipid classes relative to young lpr, +/+ and immunologically normal C3H/HeN mice. Similarly, there was an increased mole % of arachidonic acid in lpr mice relative to controls. Elevated membrane arachidonate may contribute to the increased propensity of autoimmune strains to participate in the inflammatory process.
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PMID:Composition of peritoneal macrophage membranes in autoimmune MRL lpr/lpr mice. 807 74

The phase properties and structural characteristics of stratum corneum (SC) lipid lamellae have been a subject of considerable interest. To clarify the individual role of the stratum corneum constituent lipids, such as ceramides, free fatty acids, and cholesterol, we investigated the thermotropic properties and aggregation structures of a pseudo-ceramide/stearic acid (1/1 mole ratio)-cholesterol system, which is a simplified model for the natural lipids. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) detected decreases of melting entropies (delta Sm) by the incorporation of cholesterol into both anhydrous and hydrated equimolar mixture of pseudo-ceramide (SLE) and stearic acid. Moreover, there was a linear relationship between the cholesterol content and the melting entropies in the region of 0-33 mol% cholesterol for both the anhydrous and hydrate lipids. In addition, as the concentration of cholesterol increased, a liquid lateral packing (4.5 A) appeared in the wide-angle X-ray diffraction and the intensity of a hexagonal packing (4.15 A) decreased. The results from the present study strongly follow the idea that cholesterol can regulate the mobility of hydrocarbon chains of the natural stratum corneum lipid bilayer, which is primarily responsible for the barrier properties.
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PMID:Phase behavior of artificial stratum corneum lipids containing a synthetic pseudo-ceramide: a study of the function of cholesterol. 902 33

To better understand the phase behavior of a pseudoceramide (SLE), a potential skin moisturizer and/or a drug carrier, we investigated the lipid-lipid interaction between SLE and a sterol-combined fatty acid (CEOS), which has a sterol ring and a carboxyl group in a molecule. X-ray analysis showed that a hexagonal packing (4.15 A spacing) and a liquid-like packing (4.5 A spacing) coexisted within the hydrocarbon chains of the SLE/CEOS (1/1 mole) lipid mixture. The structural characteristics were very similar to those of the SLE/stearic acid/cholesterol (1/1/1 mole) system, which was in a stable lamellar alpha-phase. However, in the SLE/stearic acid (1/1 mole) system, there was only a strong hexagonal reflection in the wide-angle X-ray profile. The melting enthalpy (23.9 kJ mol-1) and entropy (75.0 J mol-1 K-1) of the SLE/CEOS system were also smaller than those (DeltaHm = 43.9 kJ mol-1, DeltaSm = 131.6 J mol-1 K-1) of the SLE/stearic acid system. The X-ray data along with the DSC results suggested that the sterol ring of CEOS molecule contributed to the enhancement of molecular motion or the decrease in the molecular packing of lipids. A strong hydrogen bond between the carboxyl group of CEOS and the amide group of SLE molecule was also considered to be important for the formation of the stable alpha-phase, as suggested by FT-IR spectroscopy. Further, in the presence of water, the three artificial SC lipids, SLE/CEOS (1/1 mole), SLE/stearic acid/cholesterol (1/1/1 mole), and SLE/stearic acid (1/1 mole), were all capable of forming lamellar structures. Copyright 1997 Academic Press. Copyright 1997Academic Press
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PMID:Intermolecular Interaction between a Synthetic Pseudoceramide and a Sterol-Combined Fatty Acid 944 16

The aim of this study was to prepare a DNA immunoadsorbent for the specific, extracorporeal removal of anti-DNA antibodies from the blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Two kinds of cellulose beads were applied as a carrier. Calf thymus DNA was covalently coupled to the carrier using the epichlorohydrin method. Efforts were focused on optimization of conditions for activation and coupling, trying to couple as much DNA as possible to a certain amount of carrier. It was found that the activation level increased with the increase of NaOH concentration and the amount of epichlorohydrin used. The mole of epichlorohydrin must be in excess of that of NaOH because excess NaOH could react further with the epoxy groups in the beads resulting in a decrease of activation level. High activation level could be obtained in a medium of 3.0 M NaOH. The DNA coupling was found to be mainly temperature and pH dependent. Using 0.1 M Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8 at a temperature of 50-90 degrees C, more than 3 mg of DNA could be coupled to 1 ml of wet beads. Prolonging the coupling reaction under 50 degrees C to 72 h resulted in the same coupling capacity as that obtained under 90 degrees C. To evaluate the adsorption ability for anti-DNA of this immunoadsorbent, batch and circulation tests were applied using SLE patient plasma. The immunoadsorbents showed excellent adsorption capacity, especially the cellulose with smaller size (200-300 microm). The incubation of 20 ml of patient's plasma with 1 ml of adsorbent resulted in an 80% decline in the anti-DNA antibody level. In the circulation tests, 30 ml of plasma was circulated through a column containing 3 ml of adsorbent. The maximum decline in anti-DNA level, 80%, was obtained after 60 min. Such high adsorption capacity and high adsorption rate suggest this immunoadsorbent may be used for treatment. For comparison, 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether activation method and other DNA sources were tested with the same protocol.
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PMID:Development of cellulose-DNA immunoadsorbent. 1187 50

Isotactic crystalline low-molecular-weight poly(1-butene), iPBu-1, was synthesised by using a metallocene catalyst. The molecular weight was determined by GPC. The chemical structure of iPBu-1 was verified by using high-temperature (13)C NMR spectroscopy and the thermal properties by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The (solid+liquid) equilibria, SLE, of iPBu-1 with different hydrocarbons (n-hexadecane, 1-heptene, 1-heptyne, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, benzene and propylbenzene) were studied by a dynamic method. By performing these experiments over a large concentration range, the temperature-mole fraction phase diagrams of the polymer-solvent systems could be constructed. From these diagrams it was found that iPBu-1 had the highest solubility in small-ring cycloalkanes and the lowest in n-hexadecane, 1-heptyne and benzene in the mole fraction range measured. The excess Gibbs energy models were used to describe the nonideal behaviour of the liquid phase and to estimate the solubility of iPBu-1 in the whole mole fraction range. Activity coefficients at infinite dilution of polymer and solvent were determined from the solubility measurements and were predicted by using the UNIFAC FV model and molecular Monte Carlo simulations.
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PMID:Phase relationships and thermodynamic interactions of isotactic poly(1-butene) and organic solvent systems. 1555 8

Ambient pressure (solid + liquid) equilibria (SLE) and (liquid + liquid) equilibria (LLE) of binary systems--ionic liquid (IL) tetra- n-butylphosphonium p-toluenesulfonate + 1-alcohol (1-butanol, 1-hexanol, 1-octanol, 1-decanol, or 1-dodecanol), benzene, or n-alkylbenzene (toluene, ethylbenzene, n-propylbenzene)-have been determined by using dynamic method in a broad range of mole fractions and temperatures from 250 to 335 K. For binaries containing alcohol, simple eutectic diagrams were observed with complete miscibility in the liquid phase. Only in the case of system [IL + n-propylbenzene] was mutual immiscibility with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) with low solubility of the IL in the alcohol and high solubility of the alcohol in the IL detected. The basic thermal properties of pure IL, i.e., melting and glass-transition temperatures as well as enthalpy of melting, have been measured with differential scanning microcalorimetry technique (DSC). Well-known UNIQUAC, Wilson, NRTL, NRTL1, and NRTL2 equations have been fitted to obtain experimental data sets. For the system containing immiscibility gap [IL + n-propylbenzene], parameters of the equations have been derived only from SLE data. As a measure of goodness of correlations, root-mean square deviations of temperature have been used. These experimental results were compared to the previously measured binary systems with tetra- n-butylphosphonium methanesulfonate. Changing anion from methanesulfonate to p-toluenesulfonate decreases solubilities in systems with alcohols and increases the solubilities in binary systems with benzene and alkylbenzenes.
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PMID:Phase equilibria study in binary systems (tetra-n-butylphosphonium tosylate ionic liquid + 1-alcohol, or benzene, or n-alkylbenzene). 1869 11


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