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Query: UMLS:C0024141 (systemic lupus erythematosus)
 44,322 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lupus erythematosis is a nodular skin lesion that usually occurs on the inner surfaces of the extremities, and is 5-7 times more common in women than in men, particularly between 20-30 years of age. It is diagnosed by biopsy since the associated symptoms of malaise, fever, and arthralgia are variable. Known agents to induce lupus are streptococcal infection, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, mycoses, medications particularly sulfa and oral contraceptive steroids, and a variety of other infections and allergies. A table is included in this review showing 8 cases of lupus erythematosus reported in the literature where oral contraceptive steroids were proved to be the etiologic factor, either by withdrawing and repeating pill prescription or by skin tests. The review ends with a list of other dermatological side effects of the pill, such as chloasma, acne, vaginal moniliasis, herpes, photosensitivity, and urticaria.
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PMID:[Etiologies of erythema nodosum (a little known etiology: estro-progestagens)]. 101 56

A review of medical history concerning case history reports of adverse clinical manifestations of hormonal contraceptives is presented. The unusual complicatons described are: gingivitis, dilation of the ureters, masculinization of the female fetus, candidiasis, ischemic colitis, megaloblastic anemia, chorea, alopecia, chloasma pigmentation, prophyria, photosensitivity, herpes gestationis, lupus, erythematous syndrone, erythema modosum and corneal irritation. The pathophysiology of the lesion and its relation to hormone action are presented.
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PMID:Unusal signs and symptoms associated with oral contraceptive medication. 110 27

A review of cutaneous reactions associated with oral contraceptives intended to help the practitioner is presented. The skin responses to gestagens depend upon the sensitivity of the patient, the nature of the gestagen, and the ratio of progestogen to estrogen. Reactions are classified according to their physiologic mechanisms: hormonal effects, immune response, altered porphyrin metabolism, and miscellaneous skin problems. Some of the reactions associated with pseudopregnancy include herpes gestationis, melasma, vaginal candidiasis, cholestatic jaundice, alopecia, and possibly hypertophic gingivitis, neurofibromatosis, and telangiectasia. Hormonal effects include acneform eruptions, diffuse hair loss, and decrease of sebum production. Adverse effects exerted via the immune system include: candidiasis, decreased delayed skin-test reactivity, increased viral infections, flare of lupus erthematosus, erythema nodosum, erythema multiforme, photodermatitis, and herpes gestationis. Altered porphyrin metabolism effects include induction of porphyria and of variegate porphyria. Beneficial effects of oral contraceptives include improvement of acne, lessening of premenstrual flaring of aphthous ulcers, and improvement of Fox-Fordyce disease with estrogenic preparations. There is an unclear association between seborrhea, epithelial inclusion cysts, and hidradenitis supporativa and contraceptive therapy.
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PMID:Desirable and undesirable cutaneous effects of oral contraceptives. 1222 28

Oral contraceptives (OCs) can affect the skin through their hormonal effects or through iatrogenic effects associated with their toxicity in certain individuals. They may also be beneficial in certain androgen-dependent dermatoses. Toxic effects of OCs are rare but potentially serious; they should be diagnosed early and require permanent termination of OC use. The clinical manifestations are variable and not specific to the medication. The most frequently reported manifestations are allergic vascularities which may lead to serious renal complications, fixed pigmented erythema, urticaria, which may have other etiologic factors, and lichenoid eruptions. Combined OCs, because of their estrogen content, may cause sensitivity to light in susceptible women. Other dermatoses can be initiated or aggravated by OCs without direct relation to their hormonal effects. OCs are therefore contraindicated if there is a personal or family history of porphyries or a personal history of systemic lupus erythematosus, erythema nouex, herpes gestationis, or malignant melanoma. Hormonal-related dermatological effects caused by either progestins or estrogens have become less frequent as dose levels have declined. Chloasma, either melasma or a poorly defined spotty pigmentation, accounts for 2/3 of cases of OC-related dermatoses. It is more common in women of Mediterranean background. 80% of affected OC users have a history of "mask of pregnancy", but the condition is also found in nulliparas. Exposure to sunlight is a factor. Women with a history of chloasma of pregnancy and dark coloring should not use OCs. Seborrhea is directly related to the androgen effect of OCs and is less likely to occur with 17 OH progesterone derivatives than with 19 norsteroid derivatives. The role of androgens in acne is well known, but 2 other factors are necessary: an anomaly in keratinization and proliferation of corynebacterium acnes, a saprophyte of the follicles. OCs do not necessarily need to be suspended during well-conducted acne treatment. Alopecia is rare but difficult to diagnose because of its psychological aspects. Androgenic alopecia is aggravated by progestins derived from 19 norsteroids. True hirsutism caused by an androgen-producing ovarian pathology is not related to OC use. Estrogens are incriminated in the etiology of telangiectasies, permanent dilatations of the arterioles. Once developed the condition does not regress and requires treatment with sclerosing agents, electrocoagulation, or laser. The various dermatological risk factors should be ruled out before prescription of an OC. Classic contraceptive pills are not commonly used in treatment of common acne because the strongly estrogenic climate required for therapeutic utility carries the risk of hypertriglyceridemia, thrombophlebitis, and possibly carcinogenesis. The recent development of pills containing the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate instead of a progestin in combination with ethinyl estradiol reduces androgenic effects in women. This pill may be useful in cases of severe acne, severe seborrhea, androgenic alopecia, or excessive facial hair.
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PMID:[Cutaneous effects in hormonal contraception]. 1228 Dec 76

The incidence of cutaneous effects of oral contraceptives (OCs) is estimated at 2.7-5%. Secondary effects directly attributable to the hormonal action of OCs include melasma, acne and hyperseborrhea, alopecia, and cutaneous lesions of vascular origin. Melasma or chloasma accounts for about 2/3 of all cutaneous side effects of OCs. It appears from 1 month-3 years after the start of OC use, its frequency increasing with dose and duration of use. Pigmentation appears to accentuate the symptoms in brunettes rather than predisposing them to melasma. Exposure to the sun plays a certain role, but use of a low dose OC and effective sun protection are not enough to reverse the pigmentation. These melasmas regress more slowly than after pregnancy and many remain definitive. The influence of OCs on acne is variable, with some OCs provoking sebaceous hypersecretion and some improving acne enough to be used for treatment. For the therapeutic effect to be observed, the estrogen dose must be sufficient to offset the androgenic effect of the progestin. Combined pills containing the strong antiandrogen cyproterone acetate should control acne if other, less androgenic progestins fail. Alopecia is a very rare effect of OCs and its appearance may even reflect simple coincidence. Vascular complications of combined OCs are dependent on estrogens and may include such manifestations as telangiectasias, angiomas, and livedo reticularis. Some secondary cutaneous effects are probably not due to a hormonal influence. They are less well known than the direct hormonal effects, and publications concerning the often detail isolated observations that are difficult to interpret. Reactions of hypersensitivity or allergy to combined OCs may include urticaria and eczema. A history of OC use should be sought in all women presenting with erythema nodosum and the OCs should be discontinued. Pruritus and jaundice may be observed in 1 OC user in 100,000. They indicate a cholestatic hepatitis for which estrogens are responsible. Most patients developing the condition have already had pruritus or jaundice during pregnancy; such a history contraindicates OC use. Several dermatological and systemic disorders are aggravated by OC use. Hereditary angioedema, herpes gestationis, porphyries, and systemic lupus erythematosus are exacerbated by OC use. The role of OCs in malignant melanomas remains controversial.
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PMID:[Dermatological complications caused by oral contraceptives]. 1234 76

Primary prevention, specifically skin care, is an important principle in Islamic theology just as it is emphasized in contemporary medicine. Many skin diseases can be prevented by a proactive approach to skin care, such as proper hygiene and routine inspections, principles that are constantly highlighted in the Islamic literature. Islam promotes primary prevention of disease, including recommendations for skin care practices. The recommendations for skin care practices in Islamic teachings are analogous to current medical guidelines. Sun avoidance, which is recommended by Islam, is mandatory for diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, melasma and skin cancers. Skin care and hygiene practices are recommended in Islam and it is considered an important mechanism for reducing the transmission of infections in modern medicine. The body creases and hair are ideal sites for malicious infestations to grow. The practice of "Wudu" includes washing the hands, feet, and hair with clean water. It is an indispensible part of daily prayers which is mandatory for every Muslim. Oral hygiene is also an integral part of both preventive medicine and Islamic teachings. Genital hygiene, particularly after urination and defecation, is recommended in Islamic teachings and is known to prevent urinary and vaginal infections in contemporary medicine. Male circumcision is an Islamic practice. Recently, it was proven that circumcised men are less likely to have sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV. This paper reviews skin care from an Islamic perspective and its relevance to contemporary medicine by translating the simple self care principles into practical guidelines in everyday use.
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PMID:Skin care: Historical and contemporary views. 2506