Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024141 (systemic lupus erythematosus)
 44,322 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The physiological VDR ligand, 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, acts upon a wide variety of tissues and cells, both related to and unrelated to calcium and phosphate homeostasis. The noncalcemic actions of natural and synthetic VDR ligands are exemplified by their potent anti-proliferative, prodifferentiative and immunomodulatory activities. As a result, a VDR ligand is an approved drug for the topical treatment of psoriasis. A plethora of actions of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in various systems have suggested wide clinical applications of VDR ligands in such diverse disease states as inflammation (rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis), dermatological indications (psoriasis, photoaging and skin rejuvenation), osteoporosis, cancers (breast, prostate, colon, leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome) and autoimmune diseases (multiple sclerosis, type I diabetes and systemic lupus erythematosus). VDR ligands have shown therapeutic potential in limited human clinical trials as well as in animal models of these diseases. Some of the VDR ligands have shown not only potent preventive but also therapeutic anabolic activities in animal models of osteoporosis. However, the use of VDR in above mentioned indications as well as in oral therapy for psoriasis and even topical therapy for severe psoriasis is hampered by its associated toxicity, namely hypercalcemia. New VDR ligands have been synthesized which exhibit greater specificity by retaining desirable properties, but with reduced calcemic potential. The discovery of novel vitamin D3 analogs along with an increased understanding of the biological functions and mechanisms of action of VDR are likely to result in improved treatments for responsive indications.
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PMID:Vitamin D analogs: mechanism of action and therapeutic applications. 1156 85

Chloroquine is a drug with over 60 years of safe clinical use in the treatment of malaria. The multiple mechanisms of chloroquine action have appeared to be useful in the therapy of many miscellaneous disorders well beyond its original antimalarial purposes. This paper is focused on the application of chloroquine for the treatment of malaria, porphyria cutanea tarda, rheumatoid arthritis, palindromic rheumatism and lupus. The possibility of the use of chloroquine in the therapy of other disorders such as diabetes mellitus, AIDS, hyperlipidemia, sarcoidosis, hypercalcemia, and melanoma is reviewed. Mechanisms of action of the drug as well as side effects on metabolism are discussed in view of recent discoveries.
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PMID:[Chloroquine--miscellaneous properties of the antimalarial drug]. 1210 61

Hypercalcemia is a common electrolyte abnormality with a wide differential diagnosis. Primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy are the most frequent causes, accounting for more than 90% of cases. We report the case of a woman presenting with symptomatic severe hypercalcemia, who was subsequently diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) due to the presence of arthritis, lymphopenia, antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-DNA and anti-Ro antibodies and low C3 levels. After acute treatment with intravenous fluids, steroids, diuretics and pamidronate, calcium levels corrected and have remained normal on low-dose prednisone. Five similar cases have been reported in the literature. Thus, SLE is an uncommon cause of hypercalcemia, which can also be the presenting feature of lupus.
Lupus 2004
PMID:Systemic lupus erythematosus presenting as acute symptomatic hypercalcemia. 1499 7

Glucocorticoids are widely used in the treatment of lupus patients, and adverse effects, which include osteoporosis and associated fractures, are frequent. Treatment of osteoporosis of young patients should be effective and not harmful to bone growth and remodeling. Bisphosphonates are drugs that decrease the incidence of bone fractures, but their use in juvenile patients is still controversial because of their possible side effects on the growing skeleton. However, recently published studies showed that linear growth continued normally after treatment with these drugs, and there was no excessive suppression of bone remodeling or mineralization defects. Zoledronic acid is a new intravenous bisphosphonate that has been approved by the US FDA for use with hypercalcemia of malignancies and might be an effective treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis. The authors report a case of a young girl with systemic lupus who developed multiple vertebral collapses due to glucocorticoid therapy, and zoledronic acid was used producing significant clinical and densitometric improvement.
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PMID:The effect of intravenous zoledronic acid on glucocorticoid-induced multiple vertebral fractures in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. 1554 4

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) is a metabolic illness that results from autonomous secretion of parathyroid hormone and is one of the most common causes of hypercalcemia. We present the case of a 47-year-old female with a previous diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in whom clinical (diffuse bone pain, emotional lability, jaw tumor) and laboratory features (calcium= 13.5 mg/dL, phosphate= 1.8 mg/dL, alkaline phosphatase= 3028 U/L, PTH intact= 1472 pg/dL) prompted the diagnosis of PHP secondary to parathyroid adenoma as demonstrated by the anatomopathology. After treatment with calcitonin spray 400 UI per day, IV pamidronate 90 mg/week, and subtotal parathyroidectomy, the patient status improved with normal laboratory tests. This is the second report to describe the coexistence of these two disorders in a single patient. Although the pathophysiology of the association of PHP and SLE is not known, the recognition of this association has a practical implication since the therapeutical strategy is completely different.
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PMID:[Primary hyperparathyroidism in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus]. 1576 20

We report the case of 19-year-old woman with severe hypercalcemia who was evaluated with a bone scan to exclude bone metastases. Increased uptake in both lungs was detected on the bone scan. The patient's final diagnosis was systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). There is no reported pattern of bone scanning in SLE, and diffuse lung uptake has not been reported in these patients.
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PMID:Lung uptake in a young patient with hypercalcemia who was found to have systemic lupus erythematosus. 1582 1

The increasing knowledge on bone calcification processes has revealed some similarities with vascular tissue, where calcifications of arteries and cardiac valves contribute to several cardiovascular problems, such as heart failure, systolic hypertension, and myocardial and peripheral ischemic disease. Bisphosphonates have been used extensively for over two decades for the treatment of diseases associated with excessive bone resorption, i.e., osteoporosis, osteolytic bone metastasis, hypercalcemia and Paget's disease, by blocking osteoclastic function. Etidronate, pamidronate and clodronate has been shown to inhibit the development of experimental atherosclerosis, and proposed mechanisms for this action include inhibition of arterial calcification and lipid accumulation, degradation of atherogenic LDL-cholesterol and reduced foam cell formation. Bisphosphonates inhibit various enzymes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and suppress macrophages in atheromatous lesions. The possibility of pharmacological agents that effectively treat both osteoporosis and atherosclerosis is attractive, however, current evidence is not conclusive and further research is necessary to confirm these actions in the clinical setting.
Lupus 2005
PMID:Bisphosphonates and atherosclerosis: why? 1721 1

The association of hypercalcemia and systemic lupus erythematosus is quite uncommon, with only three cases having been reported in the literature. We present a case in which this association is highlighted and demonstrate the presumed mechanism of high calcium level and the usefulness of early diagnosis and aggressive treatment.
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PMID:Severe hypercalcemia as a presenting sign of systemic lupus erythematosus. 1661 56

Bone necrosis of the jaws is often related to head and neck radiotherapy, to surgical procedures at maxillary or mandibular level but also to various local and systemic factors such as haematological diseases, haemoglobinopathies and systemic lupus eritematosus; its pathogenesis maybe associated with defects of vascularization. Bisphosphonate are synthetic analogues of pyrophosphate used for the treatment of hypercalcemia in patients with malignancies and bone metastasis and for the treatment of many other disorders such as metabolic bone diseases, Paget's disease, and osteoporosis; their pharmacological activity is related to the inhibition of the osteoclastic function which leads to resorption and reduction of bone vascularization. Since the end of 2003 Bisphosphonate-associated Osteonecrosis (BON) has become an increasing problem and the test of that is the increase of the relative published case report and case series. Here we report 29 cases of bone necrosis of the jaws in patients treated with pamidronate (Aredia), zoledronate (Zometa) and alendronate: 15 underwent surgical procedures and 14 occurred spontaneously. Among these patients (21 females, 8 males; mean age between 45 and 83 years); 14 were treated for bone metastasis, 12 for multiple myeloma and 3 for osteoporosis. Bone necrosis involved only maxilla in 7 patients, only mandible in 20 patients and both in 2 patients. Six patients had multiple osteonecrotic lesions, 3 contemporary lesions and 3 non contemporary. In these patients we performed 3 kinds of therapy, associated or not: medical therapy (with antibiotic drugs, antimycotics and antiseptic mouthwashes), surgical therapy with curettage or sequestrectomy and Nd:YAG laser biostimulation.
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PMID:Bone necrosis of the jaws associated with bisphosphonate treatment: a report of twenty-nine cases. 1717 92

An 8-yr-old girl with familial systemic lupus erythematosus and several severe manifestations, including persistent thrombocytopenia, rapidly progressive renal failure and hepatic failure is described. The course was complicated by the occurrence of hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia and elevated levels of parathormone, an association not previously reported in children.
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PMID:Familial systemic lupus erythematosus with hypercalcemia. 1857 74


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