Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024141 (systemic lupus erythematosus)
 44,322 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eighty-six females with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were grouped according to present or past history of neuropsychiatric (NP) symptomatology (Active, Inactive, or Never). Performance of these three groups was compared to that of 35 normal women on an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests sampling a wide range of cognitive functions. In addition to making group comparisons, we also devised a system for identifying individual impairment using decision rules for both quantitative and qualitative data. Our results indicate that a variety of cognitive deficits are present in SLE patients taken together as a group; there is no significant association between cognitive impairment and emotional disturbance; patients with resolved NP symptomatology are as impaired as patients with active NP symptoms, suggesting residual CNS involvement; in spite of no significant difference emerging on direct group comparisons, significantly more Never NP-SLE patients are impaired than are controls on several summary scores, suggesting subclinical CNS involvement in these patients.
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PMID:Cognitive impairment in systemic lupus erythematosus: a neuropsychological study of individual and group deficits. 359 26

Neuropsychiatric syndromes associated with systemic lupus erythematosus are common, but diverse in etiology and presentation. Cognitive dysfunction is prevalent among these syndromes, but exhibit a significant degree of heterogeneity both within and between patient variability. Earlier studies of SLE-associated cognitive dysfunction addressed its identification and description. Common associations were repeatedly acknowledged, including concomitant or past neuropsychiatric disease, use of corticosteroids, disease activity, emotional disturbance, and antiphospholipid antibodies. The past several years have focused more on elucidating the relative strengths of various risk associations, patterns of cognitive abnormalities, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally (, clinical course), and novel means to identify cognitive impairment, both functionally and biologically.
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PMID:Cognitive dysfunction in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. 1219 46

Damaging interactions between antibodies and brain antigenic targets may be responsible for an expanding range of neurological disorders. In the case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), patients generate autoantibodies (AAbs) that frequently bind dsDNA. Although some symptoms of SLE may arise from direct reactivity to dsDNA, much of the AAb-mediated damage originates from cross-reactivity with other antigens. We have studied lupus AAbs that bind dsDNA and cross-react with the NR2A and NR2B subunits of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR). In adult mouse models, when the blood-brain barrier is compromised, these NMDAR-reactive AAbs access the brain and elicit neuronal death with ensuing cognitive dysfunction and emotional disturbance. The cellular mechanisms that underlie these deleterious effects remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that, at low concentration, the NMDAR-reactive AAbs are positive modulators of receptor function that increase the size of NMDAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potentials, whereas at high concentration, the AAbs promote excitotoxicity through enhanced mitochondrial permeability transition. Other synaptic receptors are completely unaffected by the AAbs. NMDAR activation is required for producing both the synaptic and the mitochondrial effects. Our study thus reveals the mechanisms by which NMDAR-reactive AAbs trigger graded cellular alterations, which are likely to be responsible for the transient and permanent neuropsychiatric symptoms observed in patients with SLE. Our study also provides a model in which local AAb concentration determines the exact nature of the cellular response.
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PMID:Neurotoxic lupus autoantibodies alter brain function through two distinct mechanisms. 2126 Sep 62

Mood and pain are interrelated to each other in a mutual and complex manner. Patient populations in headache clinics exhibit more emotional disturbance than general practice patients. Nonetheless, the degree of psychological illness among headache patients is less than maybe found in psychiatric outpatients. However, it is a fact that several psychiatric disorders appear to be comorbid with primary headache syndromes such as migraine. Still, prospective standardized studies are sparse. We aimed to investigate whether migraine per se or specific migraine characteristics are associated to depression and anxiety. In a single center study (Department of Neurology of the University of Athens) migraineurs were asked for several headache features such as pain intensity, attack frequency, average attack duration, prodromal symptoms and the presence of aura. We assessed 50 consecutive headache patients who were referred to our headache outpatient clinic. Patients diagnosed with non-migraine syndromes, mixed non-migraine and migraine syndromes, or patients with previously diagnosed systemic disease known to precipitate psychiatric disorders (such as systemic lupus erythematodes) were excluded from the study. Furthermore, we did not include any subjects who were already on antidepressive or other psychiatric medication. Twenty four patients met the inclusion criteria. The data were then correlated with scores obtained by the Beck Depression Inventory and the Hamilton's scales for Depression and Anxiety. Our results showed an increased frequency of mild and moderate depression compared to what was expected from the normal population which is in line with past observations on headache patients. In an analogous manner, mild and moderate anxiety appeared more frequently among migraineurs than healthy subjects. However, we did not find any significant relation between depression or anxiety and parameters such as pain intensity, monthly attack frequency, attack duration, presence or absence of aura, appearance of pre-ictal prodromal symptoms and migraine career duration (age of assessment minus age of migraine onset). These findings suggest that migraine, although often comorbid with depression and anxiety, has no specific headache characteristics causally related to mood abnormalities. Larger samples will be required in future studies to address the question of a link between more specific mood and mental disturbances with primary headache syndromes.
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PMID:Relationship of intensity and special characteristics of migraine to depressive and anxious features. 2418 86

A comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests sampling a wide range of cognitive functions was administrated to 36 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and a control group consisting of 31 patients with persistent symptoms after whiplash injury. Our results demonstrated significant group differences and suggest that cognitive dysfunction is common in SLE and that there are significant abnormalities in the SLE group compared to chronic illness of non-immunological nature. Considerable variability occurred in the neuropsychological profiles for SLE patients. No significant association was found between cognitive dysfunction and use of corticosteroids, except for the two neuropsychological tests Digit span and Seashore rhythm test. Associations were not found between cognitive dysfunction and depression either, except for the Seashore rhythm test. These findings indicate that cognitive dysfunction in SLE reflects CNS involvement, rather than coexisting emotional disturbance. No significant cognitive impairment was found in the whiplash group. However, our results indicate depressed mood among the whiplash group.
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PMID:Neuropsychological functions in systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparison with chronic whiplash patients. 2428 10