Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024141 (systemic lupus erythematosus)
 44,322 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In an 80-year-old woman, retired farmworker, we observed lupus vulgaris extending over more than half of her leg. The extreme size of the affected area made us talk of a giant form in this case. Bacteriological investigation revealed Mycobacterium bovis. The minimal amount of tuberculin required to induce a positive intradermal reaction was 10 IU (GT Behring). Another case with similar dimensions (reported by Christiansen in 1967) had been caused by Mycobacterium avium and developed over a period of at least 5 years. The vast cutaneous affection of our patient, in contrast, had developed within only one year, starting from a brownish macula of the size of a palm on her upper leg. This macula - presumably the manifestation of quiescent lupus vulgaris - had not changed for more than 40 years. This late exacerbation of post-primary tuberculosis might have been favored by the patient's reduced immunologic resistance on account of her advanced age. In addition, local cofactors - namely ankylosis of her knee and contact eczematous dermatitis - have to be considered. In accordance with the resistogram, the disease responded to monotherapy with isoniazide.
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PMID:[Tuberculosis cutis luposa gigantea with Mycobacterium bovis detection]. 229 Dec 94

The presenting features of 236 thyrotoxic patients seen in the thyroid clinic were reviewed. 18.65% of these patterns had one or more dermatological complaints at presentation. There was no specific difference in this group of patients when compared with the general hyperthyroid population with regard to age, race, sex, duration of hyperthyroidism or biochemical indices of thyrotoxicosis. The two major complaints were itching and alopecia. The prevalence of pruritus at 6.4% in our series was identical to that of other workers, but we had a much lower occurrence of alopecia at 2.6%. The diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis was delayed in two patients in whom the only major complaint was pruritus. These symptoms cleared quickly when these patients became euthyroid. However there were other patients who noted hair loss with anti-thyroid medications. The incidence of vitiligo, eczema, onycholysis in our series was much lower those quoted in the Western literature The occurrence of pretibial myoxoedema in our series is similar to that of other workers from this region. The other miscellaneous manifestations include urticaria, xanthelasma and systemic lupus erythematosis. In conclusion we feel the cutaneous manifestations of hyperthyroidism are common in our patients.
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PMID:The prevalence of skin manifestations in thyrotoxicosis--a retrospective study. 252 42

The prevalence of naturally occurring anti-IgE autoantibodies was assessed by surveying 387 sera from atopic, nonatopic, and autoimmune patients. A significant number of children (28.5%) and adults (20%) with no history of allergy had high levels of autoanti-IgE. The level of autoantibodies to IgE in children with clinical asthma or atopic eczema was not significantly elevated over normal. Similarly, adults with atopic asthma, allergic rhinitis, or urticaria or sera from individuals with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythromatosis showed no significant elevation of auto-anti-IgE. In contrast, 82% of adults with eczema had medium to high levels of auto-anti-IgE and the mean concentration in sera was significantly (P less than 0.01) raised. The relevance of auto-anti-IgE in atopic eczema is discussed.
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PMID:A survey of nonatopic and atopic children and adults for the presence of anti-IgE autoantibodies. 278 44

Clinical experience suggests that allergic signs and symptoms are more frequently observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus than in the general population. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the frequency of allergic clinical manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by anamnesis. Sixty three SLE patients, 51 cases of other autoimmune diseases and 133 healthy individuals, were included in the study. The protocol was taken from Goldman's paper on the same subject (4): urticaria, rhinitis, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, eczema and allergy to foods, drugs and insect stings were recorded. The results disclosed that 76% of SLE cases, 37% of those with other autoimmune diseases and versus healthy controls had had one or more of those clinical manifestations throughout their lives (SLE versus other autoimmune diseases and versus healthy controls; p: less than 0,0005; other autoimmune diseases versus healthy controls; p: not significant). The frequency of each of the following-urticaria, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis and food allergy was statistically increased in SLE. Furthermore, patients with SLE had the highest incidence of different types of clinical manifestations per individual. Allergic manifestations in SLE are thought to express: a higher level of hypersensitivity to exogenous antigens, or disease activity through cytotropic autoantibodies or through anaphylactoid products of complement activation.
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PMID:[Allergic manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus]. 408 30

Blood glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px) was determined in 61 healthy subjects and 506 patients with various skin disorders. Depressed levels were observed in patients with psoriasis, eczema, atopic dermatitis, vasculitis, mycosis fungoides and dermatitis herpetiformis. Low values of GSH-Px were also found in some patients with pemphigoid, acne conglobata, polymyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma and systemic lupus erythematodes. Vegetarian diet, malnutrition and alcohol abuse could possibly account for the low values in some patients. Fifty patients with low GSH-Px levels were treated with tablets containing 0.2 mg selenium as Na2SeO3 and 10 mg tocopheryl succinate. The GSH-Px levels increased slowly within 6-8 weeks of treatment. The clinical effect was encouraging and calls for controlled studies.
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PMID:Blood glutathione-peroxidase levels in skin diseases: effect of selenium and vitamin E treatment. 617 60

Ia antigen (HLA-DR in man) has been demonstrated in keratinocytes in graft versus host disease. This study investigates the occurrence of HLA-DR in keratinocytes in the following dermatoses: eczematous dermatitis, discoid lupus erythematosus, with immunoglobulin and non-exposed skin from cases of systemic lupus erythematosus with immunoglobulin deposits, lichen planus, lichen simplex, bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, 'toxic erthema', tuberculid and chillblain. Keratinocyte staining was found in a variety of conditions. The unifying features of the instances of its occurrence was lymphoid infiltration and usually some focal evidence of keratinocyte damage. Thus in eczema the staining was mid-epidermal, while in discoid lupus erythematosus and lichen planus it was basal. HLA-DR staining was absent in bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris, which is consistent with the hypothesis that in these conditions the damage is mediated by autoantibodies and complement in the absence of cellular immune attack.
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PMID:Expression of HLA-DR (Ia like) antigen on epidermal keratinocytes in human dermatoses. 620 2

The hair follicle mites Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis and their role in the pathogenesis of rosacea have been the subject of much debate in the past. We studied the prevalence of Demodex mites in facial skin biopsies obtained from 80 patients with rosacea, 40 with facial eczematous eruption and 40 with lupus erythematosus discoides. The mite prevalence in the rosacea group (51%) was significantly higher than in the rest of the study population (eczema 28% and lupus discoides 31%). Demodex mites were found on all facial sites. The most infested areas in the whole study group were the forehead (49%) and the cheeks (44%). Males were more frequently infested (59%) than females (30%). We did not find any significant difference in mite counts of infested follicles between rosacea and the control group. A lympho-histiocytic cell infiltration was seen around the infested hair follicles. Our results suggest that Demodex mites may play a role in the inflammatory reaction in acne rosacea.
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PMID:Demodex mites in acne rosacea. 987 Jun 74

Favourable effects of sunlight on various skin diseases include inhibition of rapid proliferation of cells (psoriasis), modulation of cells in an inflammatory infiltrate (atopic eczema) and stimulation of proteolytic enzymes (scleroderma). The ultraviolet (UV) fraction of the solar spectrum is the most biologically active because it is almost completely absorbed by the skin. UVB and the combination of psoralens with UVA (PUVA) have become important therapeutic modalities, especially for psoriasis and eczema. Lamps producing long wave UV radiation are available: UVA-I light. Owing to its longer wavelength it penetrates more deeply into the skin and gives less risk of development of skin cancer than other forms of UV radiation. Good results are reported of application of UVA-I in patients suffering from atopic dermatitis, scleroderma, urticaria pigmentosa, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
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PMID:[Ultraviolet A-I phototherapy for skin diseases]. 1036 7

A cyclic adenosine monophosphate binding abnormality in psoriatic erythrocytes that could be corrected by retinoid treatment has been reported. It was tested whether this binding abnormality is specific for psoriasis and the effects of treatment were compared with etretinate, cyclosporine A, or anthralin on 2-(3)H-8-N(3)-cyclic adenosine monophosphate binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A in erythrocyte membranes. One hundred and fifteen individuals were evaluated, including: (i) 34 healthy persons; (ii) 15 patients with nonatopic inflammatory skin diseases (eczema, erythroderma, tinea, Grover's disease, erysipelas, urticaria); (iii) eight with other dermatoses mediated by immune mechanisms (systemic lupus erythematosus, lichen planus, necrotizing vasculitis, erythema nodosum, systemic sclerosis); (iv) 14 with generalized atopic dermatitis; and (v) 44 with psoriasis vulgaris clinically assessed by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index. In psoriasis, the course of the binding of 2-(3)H-8-N(3)-cyclic adenosine monophosphate to erythrocytes was measured in nine patients during a 10 wk treatment with etretinate, in 21 patients during a 10 wk treatment with cyclosporine A, and one patient under topical treatment with anthralin for 4 wk. We found the following femtomolar binding per mg protein: (i) healthy persons (1064 +/- 124, mean +/- SD); (ii) nonatopic inflammatory skin diseases (995 +/- 103); (iii) immune dermatoses (961 +/- 92); (iv) atopic dermatitis (960 +/- 110); and (v) psoriasis (645 +/- 159; p < 0.0001 compared with nonpsoriatics, Mann-Whitney U test). Treatment of psoriasis with etretinate, cyclosporine A, or anthralin normalized the binding of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, which was inversely correlated to the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score. It was concluded that the decreased binding of cyclic adenosine monophosphate to protein kinase A in erythrocytes is specific for psoriasis and normalizes after successful treatment.
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PMID:A highly decreased binding of cyclic adenosine monophosphate to protein kinase A in erythrocyte membranes is specific for active psoriasis. 1216 39

The incidence of cutaneous effects of oral contraceptives (OCs) is estimated at 2.7-5%. Secondary effects directly attributable to the hormonal action of OCs include melasma, acne and hyperseborrhea, alopecia, and cutaneous lesions of vascular origin. Melasma or chloasma accounts for about 2/3 of all cutaneous side effects of OCs. It appears from 1 month-3 years after the start of OC use, its frequency increasing with dose and duration of use. Pigmentation appears to accentuate the symptoms in brunettes rather than predisposing them to melasma. Exposure to the sun plays a certain role, but use of a low dose OC and effective sun protection are not enough to reverse the pigmentation. These melasmas regress more slowly than after pregnancy and many remain definitive. The influence of OCs on acne is variable, with some OCs provoking sebaceous hypersecretion and some improving acne enough to be used for treatment. For the therapeutic effect to be observed, the estrogen dose must be sufficient to offset the androgenic effect of the progestin. Combined pills containing the strong antiandrogen cyproterone acetate should control acne if other, less androgenic progestins fail. Alopecia is a very rare effect of OCs and its appearance may even reflect simple coincidence. Vascular complications of combined OCs are dependent on estrogens and may include such manifestations as telangiectasias, angiomas, and livedo reticularis. Some secondary cutaneous effects are probably not due to a hormonal influence. They are less well known than the direct hormonal effects, and publications concerning the often detail isolated observations that are difficult to interpret. Reactions of hypersensitivity or allergy to combined OCs may include urticaria and eczema. A history of OC use should be sought in all women presenting with erythema nodosum and the OCs should be discontinued. Pruritus and jaundice may be observed in 1 OC user in 100,000. They indicate a cholestatic hepatitis for which estrogens are responsible. Most patients developing the condition have already had pruritus or jaundice during pregnancy; such a history contraindicates OC use. Several dermatological and systemic disorders are aggravated by OC use. Hereditary angioedema, herpes gestationis, porphyries, and systemic lupus erythematosus are exacerbated by OC use. The role of OCs in malignant melanomas remains controversial.
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PMID:[Dermatological complications caused by oral contraceptives]. 1234 76


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