Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The dockyards of Genoa are exposed to many known or suspect carcinogenic agents, namely, asbestos, silica, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and halogenated hydrocarbons; other possibly harmful substances are trace amounts of aromatic amines, welding smokes, paints, and lipid-removing solvents. A cohort study of causes of death of 2190 dockyard workers in Genoa was conducted between January 1, 1960 and December 31, 1975. Mortality rates were calculated for 20 different occupational categories, for which there exist different levels of exposure to noxious substances. Two control groups were selected: the general male population of Genoa and all male employees (462) of San Martino Hospital, Genoa for the same period of time. Causes of death that demonstrated significant excesses for both control groups were: cancer of the colon, excluding the rectum; cancer of the larynx; cancer of the lung, bronchus, and trachea; cancer of the kidney, urinary bladder, and other urinary organs; respiratory diseases; and cirrhosis of the liver. The data obtained from these 20 job categories revealed different types and levels of risk for various carcinogenic agents.
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PMID:Mortality among shipyard workers in Genoa, Italy. 23 Jul 74

In a 22-year followup of 3686 San Francisco longshoremen, the roles of physical activity, cigarette smoking habit, and systolic blood pressure level were evaluated independently in relation to risk of death from a broad range of diseases. Smoking pattern and blood pressure status were established in 1951 and job activity was assessed annually during the followup period. Lower levels of energy expenditure predicted increased risk of fatal heart attack and perhaps of stroke. Heavy cigarette smoking predicted increased risk of death from heart attack, cancer, chronic obstructive respiratory disease, and pneumonia. Higher levels of systolic blood pressure were associated with death from all cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and cirrhosis. Tacit to these findings: sedentary living takes its toll largely through heart disease and stroke; the toxicity of cigarette smoking is associated with a broader range of diseases, including heart attack, cancer, and respiratory disease; and higher level of blood pressure related to an even broader range of cardiovascular disease than either of the other characteristics studied.
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PMID:Energy expenditure, cigarette smoking, and blood pressure level as related to death from specific diseases. 68 71

The causes of death among the dock-yard workers of Genoa from December 31, 1959 to January 1, 1970, have been investigated. These workers, mainly assigned to ship repair, refitting and construction, are exposed to several noxious substances, such as: asbestos, silica, paint solvents, welding smoke and volatile products of petroleum. Two different control groups were selected: the male population of Genoa and the staff of the San Martino Hospital in Genoa. Causes of death showing a significant increase were: gastric cancer (only in comparison with the hospital staff), cancer of colon excluding rectum, lung cancer, cancer of kidney, urinary bladder and other urinary organs, respiratory diseases, cirrhosis of the liver, cardiovascular diseases (only in comparison with the hospital staff).
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PMID:Mortality among dock-yard workers in Genoa, Italy. 87 25

An ELISA was developed for measuring serum antibodies against the arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and a closely related isolate termed callitrichid hepatitis virus (CHV). The ELISA was used to test sera from healthy adults and from hepatitis patients. In Birmingham, Alabama, the seropositivity rate for healthy black women was 5.1% (7/138), and the rate for patients with all types of hepatitis or cirrhosis was 4.3% (2/46). In San Antonio, Texas, the seropositivity rate among a clinical series of patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis was 0 (0/20), and the rate among persons rejected from blood donation because of high serum alanine aminotransferase levels was 2.4% (2/82). These results indicate that infection with LCMV or CHV is common in Birmingham but that infection is not associated with hepatitis.
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PMID:Prevalence of serum antibodies against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in selected populations from two U.S. cities. 140 29

Since most heavy drinkers do not develop alcoholic cirrhosis, other causes or predisposing factors are probable. The authors studied traits of 128,934 adults who underwent health examinations at the Oakland and San Francisco, California, facilities of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program from January 1978 to December 1985 in relation to subsequent hospitalization or death from cirrhosis of the liver. In analyses adjusted for nine covariates, past and current alcohol drinking were strongly related to cirrhosis risk, but usual choice of alcoholic beverage had no independent relation. Cigarette smoking was independently related to risk of alcoholic cirrhosis, with cigarette smokers of a pack or more per day at trebled risk compared with lifelong nonsmokers. Coffee drinking, but not tea drinking, was inversely related to alcoholic cirrhosis risk, with persons who drank four or more cups per day at one-fifth the risk of noncoffee drinkers. This inverse relation between coffee consumption and risk of alcoholic cirrhosis was consistent in many subsets, including persons free of gastrointestinal disease and those with 5 or more years before hospitalization or death. Cigarette smoking and coffee consumption were not consistently related to risk of hospitalization or death for nonalcoholic cirrhosis. These data could mean that cigarette smoking promotes alcoholic cirrhosis and that coffee drinking might be protective.
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PMID:Alcohol, smoking, coffee, and cirrhosis. 147 47

To test the hypothesis that firefighter exposures may increase cancer risk, mortality rates were calculated for 3,066 San Francisco Fire Department firefighters employed between 1940 and 1970. Vital status was ascertained through 1982, and observed and expected rates, rate ratios (RR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using United States death rates for comparison. The total number deceased (1,186) was less than expected and there were fewer cancer deaths than expected. However, there were significant excess numbers of deaths from esophageal cancer (12 observed, 6 expected), cirrhosis and other liver diseases (59 observed, 26 expected), and accidental falls (21 observed, 11 expected). There were 24 line-of-duty deaths, which were primarily due to vehicular injury, falls, and asphyxiation. Heart disease and respiratory disease deaths occurred significantly less often than expected. It was concluded that the increased risks of death from esophageal cancer and cirrhosis and other liver diseases may have been due to firefighter exposures, alcohol consumption, or interaction between alcohol and exposures. Because this was an older cohort and firefighter exposures have changed due to the increasing use of synthetic materials, it is recommended that the effects of modern-day exposures be further studied.
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PMID:An epidemiologic study of cancer and other causes of mortality in San Francisco firefighters. 200 22

We report the first two indigenously acquired cases of melioidosis in Taiwan, diagnosed by positive culture and biochemically identified using the ID 32 GN system (BioMerieux Vitek Inc, Hazelwood, MO, USA). The first patient was a 75-year-old Chinese woman who had not travelled abroad since her arrival from mainland China (San-Tung province) 47 years ago. She presented with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatitis C-related liver cirrhosis with septic shock. Burkholderia pseudomallei (formerly Pseudomonas pseudomallei) was isolated from cultures of both blood and ascites fluid. The second patient, a 70-year-old Chinese man, presented with right lower lobar pneumonia complicated with empyema and septic shock. Blood cultures grew B. pseudomallei. Both patients had underlying diabetes mellitus; one also had liver cirrhosis and chronic renal failure, while the other had a renal stone. The first patient died of refractory septic shock prior to diagnosis. The second patient survived with the use of intravenous ceftazidime for 30 days, followed by oral amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for a further 3 months. These cases serve as a reminder to clinical physicians that melioidosis is now no longer exclusive to patients with a history of travel to endemic areas. A high index of clinical suspicion is required for early diagnosis and treatment in order to reduce the mortality and improve clinical outcome.
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PMID:Melioidosis: two indigenous cases in Taiwan. 884 Jul 61

Approximately 1.5 million persons in the United States are affected by iron overload diseases, which are primarily caused by hereditary hemochromatosis--the most common genetic disorder in the United States. Hereditary hemochromatosis is characterized by increased iron absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, which may cause lifelong excessive iron absorption and accumulation and serious health effects, including arthritis, cirrhosis, diabetes, impotence, heart failure, and death. Hereditary hemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive disease; the estimated prevalence of the homozygous genotype is 1:200 - 1:250 persons, and 10% of persons are carriers. Although the disease was previously believed to affect primarily white males of northern European descent, recent data indicate hereditary hemochromatosis also occurs among blacks. Moreover, iron overload diseases are underdiagnosed among whites and may not be considered in other racial/ethnic groups (e.g., Hispanics) even when compatible symptoms and clinical findings are present. As part of a joint demonstration project during August-October 1995 to determine the overall prevalence of iron overload, CDC reviewed data from a health-maintenance organization (HMO) in San Diego, California; the prevalence among Hispanics appeared similar to that for non-Hispanic whites. This report presents the preliminary findings of an analysis of the prevalence of iron overload among Hispanics and compares these findings with nationally representative data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). These findings indicate that the prevalence of possible iron overload among Hispanic clients of the HMO based on initial screening was consistent with the nationwide prevalence of possible iron overload based on a single screening test for Hispanics of Mexican descent and non-Hispanic whites.
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PMID:Iron overload disorders among Hispanics--San Diego, California, 1995. 900 7

Increasing concerns regarding the cost of medical care have led to research that has found a relationship between alcohol abuse, increased medical problems, longer hospital stays, and higher medical costs. Research has also found a positive relationship between alcohol availability and crime, car accidents, and liver cirrhosis deaths. One area of interest is how alcohol availability, as measured by the number of alcohol outlets, is related to medical care needs. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the geographic density of alcohol outlets and the number of alcohol-related hospital admissions. Alcohol-related ICD-9 codes were selected based on epidemiologic research in the literature to determine alcohol-related morbidity from the California Discharge Data System, which collects information on all hospital admissions and discharges in California. In San Diego County, in 1996, 3,759 admissions were alcohol-related. Alcohol-related admissions for each zip code were compared to the number of liquor licenses that were held by each zip code through a multiple regression analysis. The regression model demonstrated that the number of liquor outlets was a significant predictor of alcohol-related hospital admissions, net of other predictors. Implications are discussed, including regulation of alcohol availability, which may have a beneficial impact on alcohol morbidity.
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PMID:The relationship between the geographic density of alcohol outlets and alcohol-related hospital admissions in San Diego County. 1070 11

Liver transplantation has evolved rapidly from an experimental treatment to universally accepted therapy for end-stage liver disease. Indications for liver transplantation have expanded with the evolution of the procedure to include metabolic,viral, malignant, and acquired liver failure. As long-term liver transplant recipient follow-up data become available, the development of recurrent liver disease within the transplanted allograft is an increasing dilemma. The value of the transplant procedure must be assessed within the context of survival as well as the potential for recurrent disease and the associated need for re-transplantation. This study represents a compilation of data obtained from adult patients undergoing liver transplantation for nonviral, nonmalignant etiologies at the University of California San Francisco and a comparison of our data with other centers. Between February 1988 and January 1997, 654 liver transplants were performed on 623 patients. From this group, 406 recipients were identified as meeting study inclusion criteria: age above 18 years, and transplantation for a nonmalignant, nonviral etiology of liver failure. Indications for liver transplantation included primary biliary cirrhosis (n = 65), primary sclerosing cholangitis (n = 49), autoimmune hepatitis (n = 37),Budd-Chiari syndrome (n = 7), cryptogenic cirrhosis (n = 88),and alcoholic liver disease (n = 160). Mean follow-up within the diagnostic groups ranged from 4.9 to 5.6 years. Evaluation of clinical,immunosuppressive, and pathologic data for each diagnostic group was performed to determine the incidence, time to recurrence, clinical presentation, and sequelae of disease recurrence.
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PMID:Liver transplantation for nonviral, nonmalignant diseases:problem of recurrence. 1186 56


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