Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma pancreastatin (PST)-like immunoreactivity in normal subjects and patients with various diseases was estimated by a RIA, using antiserum raised against a synthetic C-terminal peptide of human PST deduced from the sequence of human chromogranin-A. The mean level +/- SEM was 13.2 +/- 0.6 pmol/L in normal subjects, but was significantly higher in patients with chronic renal failure (526.7 +/- 48.5). An immunoreactive form corresponding to a human PST-like sequence [human chromogranin-A-(250-301)] and a larger form were detected by gel filtration of plasma from these patients, suggesting accumulation of the larger molecular form in these patients. A significant increase in PST-like immunoreactivity was also found in patients with liver cirrhosis (20.8 +/- 3.0 pmol/L), but not in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, chronic pancreatitis, or pancreatic cancer. Elevated levels were found in 16 of the 21 patients with small cell lung carcinoma examined. High levels were also found in 3 of 11 patients with islet cell tumor.
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PMID:Plasma pancreastatin-like immunoreactivity in various diseases. 255 88

The neurological disorders seen in patients with chronic renal failure and liver cirrhosis are analogous. Previous in vivo studies have shown that the impaired blood-brain amino acid transport seen in rats with chronic renal failure is similar to that of rats with portocaval anastomosis. To elucidate whether a comparable underlying pathogenic mechanism plays a role in both pathological conditions, blood and brain amino acid levels together with amino acid transport by isolated brain microvessels have been studied in rats with chronic renal failure and in sham-operated rats. Brain microvessels isolated from rats with experimental chronic renal failure showed that the uptake of labeled large neutral amino acid, i.e., leucine or phenylalanine, but not of lysine or alpha-methylaminoisobutyric acid, was significantly increased with respect to sham-operated rats; conversely, the uptake of glutamic acid in rats with chronic renal failure was significantly lower compared with values in controls. Kinetic analysis indicated that this was mainly due to increased exchange transport activity (Vmax) of the L-system, rather than to changes in the affinity (Km) of the carrier system for the relative substrate. These data, together with the significant rise of brain glutamine levels and an increased brain-to-plasma ratio of the sum of large neutral amino acids, are analogous to what was previously observed in rats with portocaval anastomosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Uptake of amino acids by brain microvessels isolated from rats with experimental chronic renal failure. 290 21

Plasma immunoreactive methionine enkephalin is increased in cirrhosis. To determine whether it was increased in acute liver disease and chronic renal failure and whether the peptide was present in bile and urine, it was measured by radioimmunoassay in appropriate samples. Plasma immunoreactive methionine enkephalin, while at its peak in 15 patients with acute liver disease (median 425 pmol/l, range 220-1460), was approximately six times greater (P less than 0.001) than in 15 patients with chronic renal failure (70 pmol/l, 50-140), 15 controls with other diseases (75 pmol/l, 50-115) and 15 healthy controls (65 pmol/l, 50-95). In eight of the patients recovering from acute liver disease, the decline of the peptide's plasma level correlated with that of the alanine aminotransferase (r = 0.813, P less than 0.01) and prothrombin time (r = 0.682, P less than 0.05) measured in the simultaneously taken blood. Immunoreactive methionine enkephalin was found to be excreted in bile and urine. The possibility that increased plasma methionine enkephalin, and possibly other opioid peptides, may contribute to some of the manifestations of acute liver failure is worthy of further investigation.
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PMID:Methionine enkephalin is increased in plasma in acute liver disease and is present in bile and urine. 292 3

A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP) was developed to determine its plasma level. Anti-alpha-hANP rabbit serum was specific for the N-terminus and ring structure of alpha-hANP, and showed no appreciable cross-reactions with other neuropeptides. The lowest level of alpha-hANP detectable by this radioimmunoassay was 4 pg per tube. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 4.6-11.4% and 7.9-11.8%, respectively, and the recovery rates at 4 concentrations were 62.6-74.0%. The fasting plasma alpha-hANP concentration in normal subjects were 19.3 +/- 1.0 ng/l (mean +/- SE; n = 54), and there was no sex difference. The plasma alpha-hANP level in normal subjects fell significantly during water deprivation and increased significantly on infusion of hypertonic saline. The mean plasma levels of alpha-hANP were higher than normal in patients with essential hypertension, liver cirrhosis, congestive heart failure and chronic renal failure. Our results indicate that this radioimmunoassay is suitable for determining the alpha-hANP concentration in human plasma and can assess changes in pathological and physiological states.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay for atrial natriuretic peptide: method and results in normal subjects and patients with various diseases. 294 73

Using RIAs for the N- and C-terminal fragments of the human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) precursor gamma ANP, that is gamma ANP-(1-25), and alpha ANP [gamma ANP-(99-126)], we studied the secretion of gamma ANP-derived peptides from the heart in normal subjects and patients with heart disease, chronic renal failure, and cirrhosis. We detected gamma ANP-(1-25)-like immunoreactivity (-LI) in plasma from normal subjects (n = 17) in considerable amounts [mean, 510 +/- 62 (+/- SE) pg/mL (174 +/- 21 pmol/L)]; the mean plasma alpha ANP-LI level at the same time in these subjects was 32.8 +/- 4.4 pg/mL (10.7 +/- 1.4 pmol/L). Gel permeation chromatographic analysis of plasma samples from normal subjects and patients with heart disease and chronic renal failure revealed two major components; one was alpha ANP, and the other was the 10K N-terminal gamma ANP fragment (N-peptide) resulting from the removal of alpha ANP (3K) from gamma ANP (13K). In addition, gamma ANP (13K), which possessed both gamma ANP-(1-25)-LI and alpha ANP-LI, and beta ANP, an antiparallel dimer of alpha ANP, were detected in some patients as minor components. A significant positive correlation between plasma levels of the N-terminal gamma ANP fragment and alpha ANP (P less than 0.01) and almost equal step-ups in the coronary sinus plasma levels of the N-terminal gamma ANP fragment and alpha ANP suggest that they are cosecreted in equimolar amounts. The high molar ratio of plasma gamma ANP-(1-25)-LI to alpha ANP-LI (17.4 +/- 1.4) in normal subjects and the significantly higher ratio in patients with chronic renal failure (36.9 +/- 7.1; P less than 0.01) suggest the slower clearance of the N-terminal gamma ANP fragment than alpha ANP and a role for the kidney in its degradation. Since the molar ratio of plasma gamma ANP-(1-25)-LI to alpha ANP-LI in patients with cirrhosis (20.7 +/- 2.7) was similar to that in normal subjects, it is unlikely that the N-terminal gamma ANP fragment is metabolized by the liver. In patients with heart disease, plasma gamma ANP-(1-25)-LI and alpha ANP-LI levels were higher in those with cardiac decompensation and were positively correlated with right atrial pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, indicating cosecretion of the N-terminal gamma ANP fragment and alpha ANP in response to atrial stretch.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Gamma-atrial natriuretic polypeptide (gamma ANP)-derived peptides in human plasma: cosecretion of N-terminal gamma ANP fragment and alpha ANP. 297 Apr 70

Sensitive radioimmunoassay for determination of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in human plasma was developed and employed for the study of plasma ANP concentrations in healthy controls under basal conditions (2.4 +/- 0.1 pmol/l) and during volume expansion by saline infusion (9.6 +/- 2.0 pmol/l and 14.2 +/- 1.8 pmol/l, respectively). Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration exhibited opposite changes during saline infusion. In pathological states associated with extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) expansion, ANP concentration were significantly higher than in the controls (liver cirrhosis 8.6 +/- 0.9; congestive heart failure 33.1 +/- 4.8; chronic renal failure before haemodialysis 72.2 +/- 6.4 pmol/l). Further volume expansion in liver cirrhosis by saline infusion led to the further increase in ANP (13.3 +/- 1.3 and 16.1 +/- 1.5 pmol/l, respectively) and ECFV reduction by ultrafiltration during haemodialysis in chronic renal failure diminished but did not normalize plasma ANP (22.5 +/- 2.9 pmol/l). In patients with arterial hypertension the concentration of ANP exceeded the normal range by 62.5% and reached 8.0 +/- 0.5 pmol/l on the average. Our results support the suggestion that ANP is an important regulatory humoral mechanism participating in the regulation of sodium, volume and blood pressure homeostasis.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay of atrial natriuretic peptide in human plasma: application to studies of volume and blood pressure homeostasis. 297 15

The effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (phosphatidylcholine) on renal function in healthy subjects and in patients with chronic renal failure, with liver cirrhosis, and with heart failure were studied. The drug was administered at 3.5 mg/kg i.v. (Linoleic acid 1.24 mg/kg). In all cases, the administration of the drug caused an increased excretion of sodium and especially of water with a reduction in basal urinary hypertonicity. The polyuria was caused by the higher glomerular filtration rate not being counterbalanced by an increase in tubular water reabsorption. The water reabsorption was mostly anisosmotic. The presence of urinary hypertonicity excluded an inhibition of ADH secretion by this drug. The sodium excretion was probably caused by an increase of the glomerular filtration rate whereas no significant changes in the tubular reabsorption of sodium were seen. We found a significant (p 0.05) increase in PGE2 urinary excretion after phosphatidylcholine administration. Lysine - acetylsalicylate injection after phosphatidylcholine, in other trials in the same patients, prevented the effects previously reported. Therefore we suggest that the effects of this drug are mediated by an increased availability of renal prostaglandins.
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PMID:Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids and prostaglandin synthesis on renal function. 308 1

In the present paper the following non-endocrine internal diseases are discussed: liver cirrhosis, diabetes, chronic renal failure and morbus Crohn. In alcoholic liver patients under fifty, hypospermia and oligozoospermia can be observed. The hormone assays showed moderately increased FSH- and LH-values in the serum; prolactin, testosterone and estradiol remained normal. An increased binding of testosterone to SHBG is supposed, and the androgen deficiency symptoms are considered to be due to the elevated binding of testosterone to SHBG. The other non-endocrine internal diseases and drug-groups (cytostatics, steroids, neuroleptics, antihypertensives, antiarrhythmics, nitrofurans, levamisole, fungicides and salazosulfapyridine) are reviewed on the basis of literature. After the administration of 1 g per day of cimetidine for four weeks in patients under fifty with duodenal ulcer, notable andrological side effects were not revealed by neither clinical nor hormone examinations.
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PMID:[Andrological abnormalities in internal diseases and following drug therapy]. 311 48

A comprehensive prospective ultrasonographic study was performed in 93 patients to investigate gallbladder wall thickness and gallbladder volumes in various nonbiliary disease states. Without changes in gallbladder volume, mean gallbladder wall thickness was significantly increased (p less than 0.01) in patients with liver cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, chronic congestive heart failure, hypoalbuminemia, and chronic renal failure (p less than 0.05) but not in patients with diabetes mellitus (n = 14) as compared to a control group. The present study confirms that a variety of nonbiliary disorders are associated with significant thickening of gallbladder walls and that this finding is not caused by incomplete gallbladder contraction.
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PMID:Gallbladder wall thickening: a frequent finding in various nonbiliary disorders--a prospective ultrasonographic study. 314 57

We have studied the pharmacokinetics of theophylline and enprofylline in patients with liver cirrhosis, patients with chronic renal failure, and healthy subjects, and have assessed the predictive value of routine tests of liver function and renal function (creatinine clearance) for theophylline and enprofylline total body clearances. Theophylline clearance was significantly decreased in the patients with liver cirrhosis compared with both the patients with renal failure and the healthy subjects (the mean values in the three groups were 24, 47, and 46 ml.h-1.kg-1 respectively. Enprofylline clearance was significantly decreased in the patients with chronic renal failure, compared with both the patients with liver cirrhosis and the healthy subjects (the values in the three groups were 64, 250, and 289 ml.h-1.kg-1 respectively. There was a strong correlation between creatinine clearance and enprofylline clearance, while there was only a poor correlation between the liver function tests and theophylline clearance. It appears that in various clinical situations enprofylline elimination can be predicted more precisely than theophylline elimination, which may make the drug safer in clinical practice.
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PMID:The pharmacokinetics of theophylline and enprofylline in patients with liver cirrhosis and in patients with chronic renal disease. 319 43


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