Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of 26 patients hospitalized with mild to moderate alcohol-associated cirrhosis, 14 had dark-adaptation abnormalities consistent with marginal vitamin-A status. The response of dark adaptation and the plasma retinol transport proteins, retinol-binding protein and prealbumin, was studied in 12 of these patients after daily oral vitamin-A supplements of 3300 microgram. Vitamin-A supplementation was associated with significant (p less than 0.05-0.005) improvement in dark adaptation and increased plasma concentrations of retinyl esters, retinol, and retinol-binding protein. Thus in patients with cirrhosis and marginal vitamin-A status, supplemental vitamin-A therapy appears to stimulate retinol-binding protein release from the liver. This enhancement of plasma retinol transport and delivery of retinol to peripheral tissues such as the retina is one of several factors that may serve to optimize vitamin-A nutritional status in patients with cirrhosis.
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PMID:Vitamin-A reversal of abnormal dark adaptation in cirrhosis. Study of effects on the plasma retinol transport system. 56 8

To investigate the nutritional status in the presence of liver disease, blood concentrations of various vitamins were measured in 26 patients with histologically verified cirrhosis and in 45 noncirrhotic patients who served as the controls. Plasma concentrations of vitamin A in cirrhotic patients (16.7 +/- 7.9 micrograms/dl) were lower than in noncirrhotic patients (37.1 +/- 13.1 micrograms/dl), the difference being statistically significant (p less than 0.01). However, the blood concentrations of 12 other vitamins in the cirrhotic patients did not differ significantly from findings in the controls. Serum thyroxine-binding prealbumin and retinol-binding protein (RBP) were also significantly decreased in cirrhotic patients. Elevated vitamin A:RBP molar ratio, mean 1.58, in the cirrhotic patients suggested that the low vitamin A level reflected a low production of RBP in the liver. There were no statistically significant differences in blood levels of 13 vitamins when data on cirrhotic patients, with or without a primary hepatocellular carcinoma, were compared.
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PMID:Blood concentrations of thirteen vitamins in cirrhotic patients. 256 52

All-trans-retinol (vitamin A1) levels were determined in the sera of patients with cirrhosis of the liver and in normal healthy individuals, using a recently developed method involving high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The vitamin levels were significantly lower in the cirrhotic group. (P less than 0.01), and the correlation between retinol and retinol-binding protein levels was good (r = 0.9678, 0.0000 less than P less than 0.0001). It is suggested that retinol levels may be used to monitor the disease, the assay described being less time-consuming and more convenient than the commonly used retinol-binding protein or 'dark adaption' methods.
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PMID:Electrochemical determination of all-trans-retinol, and correlation with retinol binding protein in liver cirrhosis. 261 88

Levels of serum zinc, retinol and retinol-binding protein (RBP) were measured in 16 male hypogonadal cirrhotics and compared with 13 male cirrhotic patients without evidence of hypogonadism. Their ages ranged from 20 years to 76 years with a mean of 40.06 +/- 15.6 years (+/- s.e.m.) while non-hypogonadal patients had an age range of 30-55 years with a mean of 41.23 +/- 7.2 years. Mean testicular volume for hypogonadal patients was 6.69 +/- 3.5 cm3 (+/- s.e.m.) while for non-hypogonadal ones it was 12.15 +/- 6.0 cm3. Mean serum zinc level in hypogonadal patients was 4.43 +/- 0.05 mumol/l which was significantly lower than for those without hypogonadism (6.8 +/- 0.09 mumol/l). Similarly serum retinol was lower in hypogonadal patients (0.40 +/- 0.07 mumol/l) than in patients without hypogonadism (0.53 +/- 0.12), although this difference was not statistically significant. RBP was also lower in the hypogonadal patients (0.79 +/- 0.49 mumol/l) than in those without (1.36 +/- 0.74 mumol/l, P less than 0.05). It is concluded that hypogonadal cirrhotics have lower levels of serum zinc and RBP than those without hypogonadism. These deficiencies may contribute to the genesis of hypogonadism in cirrhosis of the liver and supplementation of zinc alone or with vitamin A early in the disease may retard the development of this feature of the disease.
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PMID:Serum zinc, retinol and retinol-binding protein levels in cirrhotics with hypogonadism. 273 97

Despite the biochemical complexity of the liver, few laboratory tests provide discriminatory diagnostic information in patients with hepatobiliary disease. Recent efforts have concentrated upon tests which assess the function of the liver, the severity of the disease state, and underlying pathological processes. Bile Acids: The emergence of facile technology and widespread application has brought the realization that these assays are not as sensitive in detecting liver disease as previously believed, although the cholate/chenate ratio may be useful in distinguishing cholestasis from chronic liver disease. The presence of unusual bile acids in serum or urine may be helpful in some cases. Drug Metabolism: A number of tests provide good evidence about liver function, hepatic blood flow and portal shunting, but the aminopyrine breath tests is the most useful, giving prognostic information in acetaminophen overdose and alcoholic liver disease. The antipyrine half-life identifies surgical cases at risk from poor hepatic function. Proteins and Immunochemical Tests: Interest has developed in plasma proteins such as prealbumin and retinol-binding protein to monitor hepatic protein synthetic function. Secretory IgA is more elevated in biliary tract disease, unlike the native protein which is increased principally in cirrhosis. Type III procollagen can be measured in serum, and correlates with the activity of collagen synthesis and the degree of fibrosis in biopsy samples. Reye's Syndrome: Biochemical tests play an essential role in diagnosis of this recently discovered disease. These will be presented and discussed.
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PMID:Advances in the application of biochemical tests to diseases of the liver and biliary tract: their role in diagnosis, prognosis, and the elucidation of pathogenetic mechanisms. 330 Oct 64

Prealbumin (PA) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) serum concentrations have been determined in 161 patients with different chronic and acute liver diseases and in 49 healthy controls. Their possible role in clinical practice as liver markers of hepatic biosynthesis in comparison with other traditional tests: albumin, pseudocholinesterase and clotting factors II, VII and X associated activity (Hepato-Quick) was investigated. PA and RBP were always highly intercorrelated and significantly decreased in acute viral hepatitis, steatosis, chronic persistent and active hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatic tumors and primary biliary cirrhosis. Among the different tests, PA and RBP presented the best values of specificity (0.98 and 0.97, respectively), sensitivity (0.77 and 0.73) and positive (0.99) and negative prediction (0.57 and 0.46). In chronic liver diseases PA and RBP distinguished more efficiently than the other biosynthetic markers among diseases with different degree of severity. In acute viral hepatitis the behavior of PA and RBP, followed for 4 consecutive weeks, was similar to that of Hepato-Quick and better than the other tests in reflecting the clinical course of the disease.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of prealbumin and retinol-binding protein in acute and chronic liver diseases. 403 63

The effects of diseases of the liver, the thyroid, and the kidneys on the retinol-binding protein (RBP)-prealbumin (PA) system responsible for the transport of vitamin A in plasma were examined, using a radial gel diffusion immunoassay for PA and the previously described radioimmunoassay for RBP. Measurements were made on plasma samples from 118 normal subjects, 31 patients with cirrhosis, 5 with chronic active hepatitis, 27 with acute viral hepatitis, 14 patients with hyperthyroidism, 7 with hypothyroidism, and 26 patients with chronic renal disease of varying etiologies. In the patients with liver disease, the levels of vitamin A, RBP, and PA were all markedly decreased and were highly significantly correlated over a wide range of concentrations. Serial samples were available in 19 patients with acute hepatitis; as the disease improved the plasma concentrations of vitamin A, RBP, and PA all increased. In patients with acute hepatitis RBP concentrations correlated negatively with the levels of plasma bilirubin, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase. In the hyperthyroid patients both RBP and PA concentrations were significantly lower than normal; in hypothyroidism, neither protein showed levels significantly different from normal. In both hyper- and hypothyroidism and in liver disease, the molar ratios of RBP:PA and of RBP:vitamin A were not significantly different from normal.Patients with chronic renal disease had marked abnormalities in the plasma concentrations of RBP and vitamin A and in the molar ratios examined. In renal disease the levels of both RBP and vitamin A were greatly elevated, while the PA levels remained normal. The molar ratios of RBP:PA and of RBP:vitamin A were both markedly elevated. In many patients RBP was present in molar excess as compared with PA. The presence of a relatively large proportion of free RBP, not complexed to PA, in some patients with chronic renal disease was confirmed by gel filtration. The free RBP, present in molar excess, was capable of forming a complex with additional purified PA added to the plasma. The kidneys appear to play an important role in the normal metabolism of RBP.
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PMID:The effects of diseases of the liver, thyroid, and kidneys on the transport of vitamin A in human plasma. 509 25

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent technique for human serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) was developed. The assay detects RBP via a double-antibody (rabbit anti-human RBP) sandwich technique. The antibody is immobilized by passive adsorption to a polystyrene tube; the assay is then carried out by successive additions containing known and unknown amounts of RBP (antigen), alkaline phosphatase linked to the same antibody, and p-nitrophenyl phosphate (substrate). Colorimetric analysis of the hydrolysis of the substrate by the enzyme (indirectly) attached to the antigen is used for RBP quantitation. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation ranged between 4 and 7 and 9 and 12%, respectively. The assay can be performed in less than 7 h and has a sensitivity in the nanogram range (3-48 ng/ml). RBP content was analyzed in serum and urine samples of 20 healthy donors and 17 patients with renal failure and in 20 serum specimens of patients with liver cirrhosis. Renal patients had higher serum (mean 150, range 50-398 micrograms/ml) and urine RBP levels (mean 14, range 1-80 micrograms/ml) than normal donors (mean serum 43, range 30-60 micrograms/ml; mean urine RBP 0.06, range 0.04-0.13 microgram/ml). Liver disease patients had lower than normal serum RBP values (mean 22, range 10-43 micrograms/ml).
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PMID:Quantitation of serum retinol-binding protein by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 635 83

To elucidate the possible role of portosystemic shunting on zinc and vitamin A deficiency which has been described in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, a study on 37 hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis was performed. Patients with surgical portosystemic shunt were found to have a significantly lower levels of zinc, vitamin A and retinol-binding protein (RBP) than controls and patients with cirrhosis without shunt. Patients with portal hypertension--considered to have spontaneous shunting--also has lower levels than those without this symptom. A significant correlation between zinc and vitamin A and RBP levels, respectively, was found. Also an increased renal zinc output was demonstrated. An influence of portosystemic shunting on zinc deficiency and subsequent vitamin A deficiency by decreased RBP release is concluded. The importance of these metabolic disorders for clinical symptoms is discussed.
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PMID:The influence of portosystemic shunting on zinc and vitamin A metabolism in liver cirrhosis. 668 8

To evaluate possible effects of alcohol consumption on vitamin A and retinol-binding protein (RBP) status, baboons were pair-fed a nutritionally adequate liquid diet containing 50% of total calories either as ethanol or isocaloric carbohydrate. Fatty liver developed after 4 months of ethanol feeding with a 59% decrease (P less than 0.001) in hepatic vitamin A levels, and fibrosis or cirrhosis developed after 24-84 months with a 95% decrease (P less than 0.001). Similarly, hepatic vitamin A levels of rats fed ethanol (36% of total calories) were decreased after 3 weeks (42%, P less than 0.01) and continued to decrease up to 9 weeks. In contrast, vitamin A contents in the kidney and testis were increase 2-3 fold in ethanol-fed rats after 9 weeks. Serum vitamin A and RBP levels were not significantly changed in rats. When dietary vitamin A was increased 5-fold, hepatic vitamin A was again decreased in ethanol-fed rats. When dietary vitamin A was virtually eliminated, the depletion rate of vitamin A from endogenous hepatic storage was 2.5 times faster in ethanol-fed rats than in controls. It is concluded that chronic ethanol consumption decreases hepatic vitamin A, and that some mechanisms other than malnutrition and malabsorption may be involved in this process.
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PMID:Hepatic vitamin A depletion after chronic ethanol consumption in baboons and rats. 719 10


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