Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023890 (cirrhosis)
 42,195 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To evaluate the significance of the determination of the AFP-isoform in the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the AFP-isoform was determined in 48 patients with HCC and in 53 patients with liver cirrhosis, using the lectin electrophoresis of AFP by antibody-affinity blotting technique. 1. The HCC-type AFP-isoform was detected in 44 of the 48 patients with HCC, 2. In about 30% of the patients with HCC, the HCC-type AFP-isoform appeared 3-10 months before the graphic diagnosis of HCC, 3. In about 60% of the patients with liver cirrhosis found to have the HCC-type AFP-isoform, HCC developed within one year. Thus, the serial determination of the AFP-isoform in patients with liver cirrhosis was considered very useful for the early diagnosis of HCC.
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PMID:[The significance of the determination of AFP-isoform in the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma]. 128 14

Many tests for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have been developed and have proved useful for prevention of post-blood transfusion hepatitis C. However, there are at least 4 genotypes of HCV and the predominant type is different among countries. None of the tests using antigens from one genotype are sensitive in detecting the antibodies against another genotype. More sensitive tests using a more stable part of the HCV RNA sequences such as 5'-noncoding region must be developed for clinical use. Automated PCR methods and DNA sandwich hybridization methods using branched DNA amplification multimers may be candidates. Recently a hepatocyte growth factor test has been developed in Japan. Multicenter trials of this test reveal that it is useful for assessment of acute severe hepatitis. Tests for collagen type IV, fibronectin receptor, and prolyl hydroxylase have been reported useful for assessment of liver fibrosis. However, serum prolyl hydroxylase is prone to increase in response to hepatocellular damage as well as fibrotic processes. Enzymatic methods for determination of branched amino acids and tyrosine have been developed. The molar ratio of branched amino acids to tyrosine seems to have same pathophysiological meaning as the ratio of branched amino acids to aromatic amino acids (Fischer ratio) in assessment of liver cirrhosis. Lidocaine test is reported to be useful for predicting survival of transplanted liver and also assessing the function of the cirrhotic liver. Profiles of alpha-fetoprotein subfractions based on lectin-reactivity and galactosyl transferase II isoenzyme have been reported to be useful for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma but this remains to be proved.
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PMID:[Recent advances in laboratory tests for liver diseases]. 130 30

Lectin histochemistry revealed that Kupffer cells in the normal liver bound lectins such as Concanavalin A (Con A), Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA) and Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), but did not bind Peanut agglutinin (PNA), Dolichos fibflorus agglutinin (DBA), Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-I) or Soybean agglutinin (SBA). Kupffer cells in viral liver diseases, however, bound the PNA lectin and the binding was specific to Kupffer cells in liver parenchyma. Computer image analysis was performed using light micrographs of sections stained with immunoperoxidase and diaminobenzidine (DAB). The dark brown area of reaction products was detected by analyzing each color component (red, green and blue) in the picture and was expressed as the percent area in the parenchyma. Quantitative analysis revealed the percent area occupied by Kupffer cells positive for the PNA lectin was as follows: acute hepatitis, 2.83 +/- 0.74; chronic persistent hepatitis, 2.51 +/- 0.88; chronic aggressive hepatitis, activity moderate and severe, 4.71 +/- 2.23 and 3.45 +/- 1.84; and liver cirrhosis, 1.96 +/- 0.99. The percent area of Kupffer cells was significantly higher in CAH2A than that in chronic persistent hepatitis or in liver cirrhosis. These results suggest that the PNA lectin could be used as a marker for activated Kupffer cells and that activated Kupffer cells were increased in volume in chronic aggressive hepatitis.
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PMID:Quantitative analysis of activated Kupffer cells in viral hepatitis: application of computer image analysis for lectin histochemistry. 140 83

Hyperphosphatasemia due to increased intestinal type serum alkaline phosphatase was noted in a 48-year-old male who had asymptomatic liver cirrhosis. The alkaline phosphatase activity in the serum was 828 U/l (our reference range in adults: 57-194 U/l), 94% of which was of the intestinal type as measured by an immunoprecipitation method. The intestinal component of alkaline phosphatase was separated into two major and some minor components using electrophoresis and isoelectrofocusing. One of the major components had similar mobility to that of a standard intestinal enzyme purified from adult intestine. The components were heat-labile and neuraminidase-resistant. Serial lectin affinity chromatography, however, indicated that sugar chain compositions of the alkaline phosphatase were different from those of the standard tissue intestinal enzyme. These results and further enzymological studies suggest that the patient's serum alkaline phosphatase basically consisted of several intestine-like isoforms.
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PMID:Intestinal type alkaline phosphatase hyperphosphatasemia associated with liver cirrhosis. 142 60

Liver biopsy specimens with or without liver diseases were examined immunohistochemically to determine the distribution of endothelial cell markers, factor VIII-related antigen (FVIII-RAg). Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-I) lectin and PAL-E. We also investigated the localization of laminin, a component of the basement membrane. In normal livers, FVIII-RAg, UEA-I and laminin were negative in sinusoidal endothelial cells, but positive in blood vascular endothelia of the portal area. The antigen detected by PAL-E was distributed in venous endothelial cells. PAL-E did not label endothelial cells of the artery. In the lobule, immunoreactivity with PAL-E was weakly detected only in some sinusoids of the periportal area. In chronic active hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, FVIII-RAg and UEA-I stained endothelial cells of neovasculatures in the enlarged portal areas of the fibrous septum surrounding pseudolobules. Some sinusoidal endothelial cells in cirrhotic livers were reactive to UEA-I and FVIII-RAg, whereas PAL-E-positive cells were found rarely in the pseudolobules. In carcinomatous sinusoidal endothelial cells, FVIII-RAg, UEA-I and PAL-E were strongly stained. Laminin underlay these carcinomatous sinusoids. These suggest capillarization of sinusoids in hepatocellular carcinoma. The histochemical approach using endothelial cell markers could be a practical tool in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Histochemical properties of vascular and sinusoidal endothelial cells in liver diseases. 165 46

Immune system derangement in cirrhotic patients with evidence of malnutrition is a well-recognized characteristic of chronic alcohol abuse. However, in vitro studies on cellular immune function performed with lectin mitogens have produced conflicting results. The recent development of more accurate immunological techniques for studying lymphocyte transformation, that use monoclonal antibodies directed against surface structures (CD3 and CD2) involved in antigen recognition, as well in adhesion functions, prompted us to study discrete in vitro T-cell hypo-responsiveness in a series of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) patients with no evidence of malnutrition or hepatic cirrhosis. The results indicated that the CD2 pathway is markedly defective in ALD T lymphocytes, accompanied by reduced interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor expression upon in vitro activation. This defect cannot be reversed by the addition of recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) or rIL-1. Faulty intracellular signal transduction by protein kinase C (PKC) and defective intracellular Ca2+ mobilization may be responsible for the CD2 pathway impairment. The addition of small amounts of phorbol 12-myristate, 13-acetate, but not Ca2+ ionophore A23187, is able to overcome the defect, thereby suggesting a direct PKC involvement. The hypothesis of a direct ethanol effect on transmembrane signal transduction systems is suggested by the demonstration of an expansion of circulating virgin (naive) T cells (CD3+/UCHL1-low) that binds tyrosine phosphatase (CD45RA antigen) on their surface.
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PMID:T-lymphocyte activation pathways in alcoholic liver disease. 167 85

Ulex europaeus 1 lectin (UEA1) has previously been shown to bind to hepatic sinusoidal endothelium in cirrhotic liver. This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between UEA1 sinusoidal binding and hepatic venous pressure gradient in patients with portal hypertension. Twenty one liver specimens (including 18 from patients with alcoholic cirrhosis) biopsied within an interval of 1 month from the hepatic venous pressure study were examined for UEA1 binding. The consistent staining pattern of normal liver controls formed the basis for the criteria of positivity and grading system. Seventeen cases (81%) were positive, but the staining intensity or extent showed no strong correlation with the hepatic venous pressure gradient; however, three of the four negative cases were in the low pressure range which is rarely associated with variceal bleeding. We conclude that UEA1 is a useful marker for significant sinusoidal alterations in portal hypertension and a helpful adjunct in the histological diagnosis of cirrhosis.
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PMID:Portal hypertension and hepatic sinusoidal Ulex lectin binding. 169 52

Serum alpha-fetoprotein from 146 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, other malignancies, and benign liver diseases, was fractionated by lectin-affinity electrophoresis coupled with our sensitive detection method of antibody-affinity blotting. Compared with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma was characterized by the increase in proportions of lentil lectin A-reactive alpha-fetoprotein-L3 and erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein-P4; the yolk sac tumor was characterized by the increase of concanavalin A-nonreactive alpha-fetoprotein-C1, lentil lectin-A-weakly reactive alpha-fetoprotein-L2, erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin-strongly reactive alpha-fetoprotein-P5, and Allomyrina dichotoma lectin-nonreactive, slow-migrating alpha-fetoprotein-Als; and gastrointestinal tumors were characterized by alpha-fetoprotein-C1, alpha-fetoprotein-L2, alpha-fetoprotein-L3, alpha-fetoprotein-P5 and Allomyrina dichotoma-nonreactive alpha-fetoprotein-A1. By combined evaluation of alpha-fetoprotein-L3 and alpha-fetoprotein-P4, hepatocellular carcinoma was discriminated from chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis with a sensitivity of 97% at a specificity of 99.7%. Because the alpha-fetoprotein level of the studied cases ranged from 60-1,500,000 ng/mL (60-1,500,000 micrograms/L), mostly greater than 200 ng/mL (200 micrograms/L), additional patients with lower levels of alpha-fetoprotein [16-177 ng/mL (16-177 micrograms/L) for 16 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma with liver cirrhosis and 28-185 ng/mL (28-185 micrograms/L) for 17 cases of liver cirrhosis alone] were analyzed for alpha-fetoprotein-L3 and alpha-fetoprotein-P4. The resulting sensitivity for combined evaluation was still as high as 88% at the same high specificity of 99.7%, indicating that the simultaneous analysis of alpha-fetoprotein-L3 and alpha-fetoprotein-P4 is effective in monitoring the evolution of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients.
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PMID:Lectin-reactive profiles of alpha-fetoprotein characterizing hepatocellular carcinoma and related conditions. 169 5

Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were determined in patients (268) with liver disease. Markedly elevated concentrations (greater than 100 micrograms/l) were found in twelve patients with malignant tumours and two with cirrhosis. Molecular variants of alpha-fetoprotein were distinguished by lectin affinity chromatography of these sera. Reversible binding to concanavalin A (86 +/- 5%) and to lentil agglutinin (61 +/- 19%) conformed to expected values for primary hepatocellular carcinoma except in one patient with a metastatic carcinoma whose alpha-fetoprotein binding to concanavalin A was similar to non-liver alpha-fetoprotein (44 +/- 13%), and the two patients with cirrhosis in whom binding to lentil agglutinin was typical for benign liver disorders (less than 20%). Since low levels of serum alpha-fetoprotein and non-characteristic alpha-fetoprotein binding patterns assisted in the regrouping of eleven out of 24 patients initially thought to have primary hepatocellular carcinoma, it was concluded that alpha-fetoprotein determination and lectin affinity chromatography are helpful in distinguishing primary hepatocellular carcinoma from metastatic and benign liver diseases. Slight increases in the alpha-fetoprotein level in the presence of serum hepatitis B surface antigen indicated seven patients at risk for primary hepatocellular carcinoma who should be monitored frequently.
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PMID:Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels and microheterogeneity in patients with different liver diseases. 170 55

Four cases of chronic hepatitis associated with high serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) without hepatocellular carcinoma are reported. All showed transient elevations of serum AFP, with peak levels of 13,500, 8,000, 4,450, and 3,000 ng/ml shortly after aggravation resulting from liver function tests. Liver biopsies revealed severe parenchymal damage in all the cases with piece-meal necrosis, bridging necrosis or bridging fibrosis. In two of four cases, there was a lobular distortion. AFP stain by an immunoperoxidase method showed a positive result in surviving hepatocytes. Lectin affinity electrophoresis of AFP in the four cases, together with an additional 12 patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis and 44 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, all having AFP levels above 1,000 ng/ml, revealed that the chronic hepatitis patients had a benign pattern of AFP bands, in contrast with the pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma with increased proportions of lentil lectin-reactive AFP-L3 and/or erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin-reactive AFP-P4, indicating that the analysis of lectin reactivity of AFP has a great value in differentiating the benign and malignant conditions with increased serum levels of AFP above 1,000 ng/ml.
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PMID:Lectin-reactive patterns of markedly elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein in patients with chronic active hepatitis. 171 75


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